Tips on Using Prepositions [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/20-prepositions/1-tips-on-prepositions/ ].
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The document defines adverbs and describes their types and usage. It explains that adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or entire sentences. The main types of adverbs are manner, place, time, frequency, and degree. Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives. Adverbs are also compared in forms like more quietly. The document provides examples and discusses the typical positions of different types of adverbs in sentences. It concludes with exercises to practice identifying and using adverbs.
An adverb provides information about an action such as when, where, how, to what extent or degree, or under what condition an action occurs. There are different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, place, manner, degree, condition, concession, and reason. Adverbs often end in "ly" but can also be single words like "fast" or "never". Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Adverbs -Definition, types, common postions and frequent usesArleyJaimesroa
Definition, types, common postions and frequent uses of adverbs in the English Language - Based on the explanation provided by cutting edge - third edition advanced.
Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said and involves changing the tense of the original statement. For example, direct speech would be "I'm going to the cinema" while reported speech is "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses in reported speech are typically changed to the past tense. The document provides a chart showing how common verb tenses such as present simple change to past simple in reported speech, and includes examples of other verb forms like will changing to would. Time and place references are also changed in reported speech, such as now becoming then.
The document discusses prepositions and provides examples of the prepositions "to", "up", and "off". It explains that prepositions show the relationship between two things and can indicate location, timing, or direction. Specifically, it states that "to" can indicate direction or purpose, "up" indicates direction away from the ground, and "off" indicates direction away from an original place. Examples are given for each preposition to illustrate its meaning and usage.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of prepositions in English. It begins by defining prepositions as words that link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words and describe relationships between words. It then discusses four main types of prepositions - simple prepositions, compound prepositions, phrase prepositions, and participle prepositions - providing examples of each. The document concludes by listing and giving examples of different relationships expressed by prepositions, such as place, time, agency, manner, and others.
This document provides an overview of different types of pronouns in English, including personal pronouns, reflexive/intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, and relative pronouns. It defines each type of pronoun and provides examples. The document explains that pronouns replace nouns and come in various forms depending on their function in a sentence.
The document defines adverbs and describes their types and usage. It explains that adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or entire sentences. The main types of adverbs are manner, place, time, frequency, and degree. Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives. Adverbs are also compared in forms like more quietly. The document provides examples and discusses the typical positions of different types of adverbs in sentences. It concludes with exercises to practice identifying and using adverbs.
An adverb provides information about an action such as when, where, how, to what extent or degree, or under what condition an action occurs. There are different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, place, manner, degree, condition, concession, and reason. Adverbs often end in "ly" but can also be single words like "fast" or "never". Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Adverbs -Definition, types, common postions and frequent usesArleyJaimesroa
Definition, types, common postions and frequent uses of adverbs in the English Language - Based on the explanation provided by cutting edge - third edition advanced.
Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said and involves changing the tense of the original statement. For example, direct speech would be "I'm going to the cinema" while reported speech is "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses in reported speech are typically changed to the past tense. The document provides a chart showing how common verb tenses such as present simple change to past simple in reported speech, and includes examples of other verb forms like will changing to would. Time and place references are also changed in reported speech, such as now becoming then.
The document discusses prepositions and provides examples of the prepositions "to", "up", and "off". It explains that prepositions show the relationship between two things and can indicate location, timing, or direction. Specifically, it states that "to" can indicate direction or purpose, "up" indicates direction away from the ground, and "off" indicates direction away from an original place. Examples are given for each preposition to illustrate its meaning and usage.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of prepositions in English. It begins by defining prepositions as words that link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words and describe relationships between words. It then discusses four main types of prepositions - simple prepositions, compound prepositions, phrase prepositions, and participle prepositions - providing examples of each. The document concludes by listing and giving examples of different relationships expressed by prepositions, such as place, time, agency, manner, and others.
This document provides an overview of different types of pronouns in English, including personal pronouns, reflexive/intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, and relative pronouns. It defines each type of pronoun and provides examples. The document explains that pronouns replace nouns and come in various forms depending on their function in a sentence.
This document explains the differences between the articles "a", "an", and "the" in English. The definite article "the" refers to specific or particular nouns, while the indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns. The article "an" is used before words beginning with vowel sounds, while "a" is used before consonant sounds. Some exceptions are provided. A quiz with examples tests the reader on proper article usage.
This document discusses the use of prepositions of time - at, in, and on. It provides examples of when to use each preposition. At is used to indicate precise times, such as at 3 o'clock. In is used for months, years, seasons, and long periods of time, such as in May or in the 1990s. On is used for days and dates, like on Sunday or on March 6th. It also notes some common expressions that use these prepositions of time, such as in the morning, on Tuesday morning, and at night.
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb by providing additional information about when, where, how, how often, how long, or to what degree. Adverbs typically end in -ly, but some common adverbs do not, like very, home, and sometimes. There are different types of adverbs including manner, place, frequency, time, and degree. Adverbs can occur in various positions in sentences depending on whether they are definite or indefinite and whether an auxiliary verb is present. The order of multiple adverbs is adverb of manner, place, time and degree.
1. Determiners such as articles, quantifiers, demonstrative adjectives, and possessive adjectives go before nouns. The four main types of determiners are articles, quantifiers, demonstrative adjectives, and possessive adjectives.
2. Articles include a/an and the. A/an is used with singular count nouns when the identity is unknown, while the is used when the identity is known or specific. No article is used with plural or noncount nouns.
3. Quantifiers indicate amount or number and include words like few, several, many. They are used with plural count or noncount nouns. Demonstrative adjectives are this, that
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, verbs, and other elements according to grammar rules. Some of the key rules for changing direct to indirect speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns according to the subject or object of the reported speech, changing words like today to that day, and changing interrogative sentences by removing question marks and changing verbs and auxiliaries.
This document discusses different types of adjectives and provides examples. It explains that adjectives modify nouns and can be identified by asking "what kind," "which one," "how many," or "how much." The types of adjectives discussed are qualitative adjectives, which describe qualities like color or shape; quantitative adjectives, which describe quantity for uncountable nouns; adjectives of number, which describe countable nouns; and demonstrative adjectives, which point out specific nouns. Examples are provided for each type of adjective.
This document discusses the rules for reported speech or indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Key changes that can occur in reported speech include changing verb tenses, pronouns, words referring to time and place, and dropping quotation marks. The rules for changing direct to reported speech are provided for verbs, pronouns, time words, place words, questions, requests and more.
- Articles (a/an, the, or no article) are used with nouns to indicate definiteness or specificity.
- "A/an" indicates an indefinite or unspecified person/thing. "The" usually refers to something specific already being discussed. No article is used for generalizations.
- Whether to use "a" or "an" depends on the sound of the following word, not its spelling. Vowel sounds use "an" and consonant sounds use "a".
- Countable nouns take "a/an" and uncountable nouns take no article.
The document discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. It provides examples of each:
- Intransitive verbs do not take direct objects and describe actions like "Peter's situation improved" or "They slept peacefully."
- Transitive verbs take direct objects and indicate an action being done to someone or something, like "The mailman delivered the letter next door."
- Common verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on how they are used in a sentence. Examples are provided to illustrate how verbs function transitively or intransitively.
This document discusses prepositions and their meanings and usage. It begins by outlining where prepositions occur, such as at the head of a prepositional phrase. It then discusses the different meanings prepositions can have, such as location (static, source, goal), instrumental, comitative. It notes problems ESL/EFL students have is that language rules are not always the same between languages. An exercise is provided asking the reader to identify the meaning of prepositions in sample sentences. The document concludes by announcing the next presentation will be on multi verbs.
This document defines and provides examples of causative verbs - verbs that cause something to happen. It discusses the causative verbs "let", "make", "have", and "get" and their meanings and usage patterns. Let means to allow, make means to force, have means to give responsibility for, and get usually means to convince or trick someone into doing something. The document provides examples for each verb and notes that get and have can sometimes be used interchangeably but do not always have exactly the same meaning.
The document discusses the four kinds of sentences: interrogative, declarative, imperative, and exclamatory. Interrogative sentences ask questions and end with a question mark. Declarative sentences make statements and end with a period. Imperative sentences give commands and also end with a period. Exclamatory sentences show strong feeling and end with an exclamation point. Examples of each kind of sentence are provided.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns in English. It discusses personal pronouns, interrogative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, reciprocal pronouns, and distributive pronouns. For each type of pronoun, it identifies what category they fall into and provides examples to illustrate proper usage. The document is intended to serve as a comprehensive reference for understanding English pronouns.
The document discusses the simple future tense in English. It provides examples of how to form positive, negative, and interrogative sentences in the simple future tense using "will" as the auxiliary verb. It also discusses the use of "shall" in certain cases with first person pronouns. Contractions of "will" are listed. Common uses of the simple future tense are outlined, including for predictions, spontaneous decisions, willingness/unwillingness, and promises. Questions are discussed and examples provided of forming questions starting with "wh-" words in the simple future tense.
This document discusses different types of sentences: simple, compound, and complex. It provides examples and explanations of each. For simple sentences, it notes they contain a subject and verb and can have compound subjects or verbs. Compound sentences contain two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Complex sentences contain an independent clause and dependent clause, with the dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction. It provides guidance on punctuation for complex sentences based on the placement of the dependent clause.
Active and passive voice - perfect tensesFaiquahFaisal
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar including present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. It provides examples of sentences in active and passive voice for each tense. For example, in the present perfect tense the active voice sentence is "I have written a story" and the passive voice version is "A story by me has been written."
This document discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs. It explains that the comparative form compares two things and uses "-er" and the superlative compares three or more things and uses "-est". For regular adverbs ending in "-ly", the comparative uses "more" and the superlative uses "most". It provides examples of adverbs and their comparative and superlative forms. It also notes that some adverbs are irregular and lists those with their forms.
This document defines and provides examples of the three main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between the dependent and independent clauses. Correlative conjunctions function in pairs to join equal grammatical elements.
Tips on Past Tense [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/11-past-tense/1-tips-on-past-tense/].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
I bcom tenses 15th feb 2011 Golden Jubilee Hallthirumaraikkadu
This document summarizes and provides examples of different tenses in English grammar, including present progressive, past progressive, future progressive, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, and future perfect progressive tenses. It explains the uses of each tense, such as to denote an ongoing action, a completed action, or an action that began in the past and continues. It also lists some verbs that are not normally used in the progressive form.
This document explains the differences between the articles "a", "an", and "the" in English. The definite article "the" refers to specific or particular nouns, while the indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns. The article "an" is used before words beginning with vowel sounds, while "a" is used before consonant sounds. Some exceptions are provided. A quiz with examples tests the reader on proper article usage.
This document discusses the use of prepositions of time - at, in, and on. It provides examples of when to use each preposition. At is used to indicate precise times, such as at 3 o'clock. In is used for months, years, seasons, and long periods of time, such as in May or in the 1990s. On is used for days and dates, like on Sunday or on March 6th. It also notes some common expressions that use these prepositions of time, such as in the morning, on Tuesday morning, and at night.
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb by providing additional information about when, where, how, how often, how long, or to what degree. Adverbs typically end in -ly, but some common adverbs do not, like very, home, and sometimes. There are different types of adverbs including manner, place, frequency, time, and degree. Adverbs can occur in various positions in sentences depending on whether they are definite or indefinite and whether an auxiliary verb is present. The order of multiple adverbs is adverb of manner, place, time and degree.
1. Determiners such as articles, quantifiers, demonstrative adjectives, and possessive adjectives go before nouns. The four main types of determiners are articles, quantifiers, demonstrative adjectives, and possessive adjectives.
2. Articles include a/an and the. A/an is used with singular count nouns when the identity is unknown, while the is used when the identity is known or specific. No article is used with plural or noncount nouns.
3. Quantifiers indicate amount or number and include words like few, several, many. They are used with plural count or noncount nouns. Demonstrative adjectives are this, that
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, verbs, and other elements according to grammar rules. Some of the key rules for changing direct to indirect speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns according to the subject or object of the reported speech, changing words like today to that day, and changing interrogative sentences by removing question marks and changing verbs and auxiliaries.
This document discusses different types of adjectives and provides examples. It explains that adjectives modify nouns and can be identified by asking "what kind," "which one," "how many," or "how much." The types of adjectives discussed are qualitative adjectives, which describe qualities like color or shape; quantitative adjectives, which describe quantity for uncountable nouns; adjectives of number, which describe countable nouns; and demonstrative adjectives, which point out specific nouns. Examples are provided for each type of adjective.
This document discusses the rules for reported speech or indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Key changes that can occur in reported speech include changing verb tenses, pronouns, words referring to time and place, and dropping quotation marks. The rules for changing direct to reported speech are provided for verbs, pronouns, time words, place words, questions, requests and more.
- Articles (a/an, the, or no article) are used with nouns to indicate definiteness or specificity.
- "A/an" indicates an indefinite or unspecified person/thing. "The" usually refers to something specific already being discussed. No article is used for generalizations.
- Whether to use "a" or "an" depends on the sound of the following word, not its spelling. Vowel sounds use "an" and consonant sounds use "a".
- Countable nouns take "a/an" and uncountable nouns take no article.
The document discusses transitive and intransitive verbs. It provides examples of each:
- Intransitive verbs do not take direct objects and describe actions like "Peter's situation improved" or "They slept peacefully."
- Transitive verbs take direct objects and indicate an action being done to someone or something, like "The mailman delivered the letter next door."
- Common verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on how they are used in a sentence. Examples are provided to illustrate how verbs function transitively or intransitively.
This document discusses prepositions and their meanings and usage. It begins by outlining where prepositions occur, such as at the head of a prepositional phrase. It then discusses the different meanings prepositions can have, such as location (static, source, goal), instrumental, comitative. It notes problems ESL/EFL students have is that language rules are not always the same between languages. An exercise is provided asking the reader to identify the meaning of prepositions in sample sentences. The document concludes by announcing the next presentation will be on multi verbs.
This document defines and provides examples of causative verbs - verbs that cause something to happen. It discusses the causative verbs "let", "make", "have", and "get" and their meanings and usage patterns. Let means to allow, make means to force, have means to give responsibility for, and get usually means to convince or trick someone into doing something. The document provides examples for each verb and notes that get and have can sometimes be used interchangeably but do not always have exactly the same meaning.
The document discusses the four kinds of sentences: interrogative, declarative, imperative, and exclamatory. Interrogative sentences ask questions and end with a question mark. Declarative sentences make statements and end with a period. Imperative sentences give commands and also end with a period. Exclamatory sentences show strong feeling and end with an exclamation point. Examples of each kind of sentence are provided.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns in English. It discusses personal pronouns, interrogative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, reciprocal pronouns, and distributive pronouns. For each type of pronoun, it identifies what category they fall into and provides examples to illustrate proper usage. The document is intended to serve as a comprehensive reference for understanding English pronouns.
The document discusses the simple future tense in English. It provides examples of how to form positive, negative, and interrogative sentences in the simple future tense using "will" as the auxiliary verb. It also discusses the use of "shall" in certain cases with first person pronouns. Contractions of "will" are listed. Common uses of the simple future tense are outlined, including for predictions, spontaneous decisions, willingness/unwillingness, and promises. Questions are discussed and examples provided of forming questions starting with "wh-" words in the simple future tense.
This document discusses different types of sentences: simple, compound, and complex. It provides examples and explanations of each. For simple sentences, it notes they contain a subject and verb and can have compound subjects or verbs. Compound sentences contain two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Complex sentences contain an independent clause and dependent clause, with the dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction. It provides guidance on punctuation for complex sentences based on the placement of the dependent clause.
Active and passive voice - perfect tensesFaiquahFaisal
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar including present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. It provides examples of sentences in active and passive voice for each tense. For example, in the present perfect tense the active voice sentence is "I have written a story" and the passive voice version is "A story by me has been written."
This document discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs. It explains that the comparative form compares two things and uses "-er" and the superlative compares three or more things and uses "-est". For regular adverbs ending in "-ly", the comparative uses "more" and the superlative uses "most". It provides examples of adverbs and their comparative and superlative forms. It also notes that some adverbs are irregular and lists those with their forms.
This document defines and provides examples of the three main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between the dependent and independent clauses. Correlative conjunctions function in pairs to join equal grammatical elements.
Tips on Past Tense [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/11-past-tense/1-tips-on-past-tense/].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
I bcom tenses 15th feb 2011 Golden Jubilee Hallthirumaraikkadu
This document summarizes and provides examples of different tenses in English grammar, including present progressive, past progressive, future progressive, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, and future perfect progressive tenses. It explains the uses of each tense, such as to denote an ongoing action, a completed action, or an action that began in the past and continues. It also lists some verbs that are not normally used in the progressive form.
This document provides 16 tips for using gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It defines gerunds and infinitives as non-finite verbs and discusses their functions. The tips cover topics like using gerunds as subjects and objects, distinguishing gerunds from infinitives and participles, verbs that take gerunds or infinitives, and identifying errors involving gerunds and infinitives. Examples are provided to illustrate each grammar rule or tip.
Prepositions are words used before nouns or pronouns to indicate their relationship to other words in a sentence. There are several types of prepositions including simple prepositions like "in" and "on", compound prepositions like "above" and "between", and phrase prepositions like "according to". Prepositions indicate spatial relationships like place and direction as well as other relationships involving time, method, reason, possession, and more. They can have nouns, pronouns, gerunds, infinitives, or clauses as their object. Understanding common preposition collocations, or words that are often used together, can help improve correct preposition usage.
The document provides information about English prepositions and the preposition "to". It begins by stating there are about 150 prepositions in English. It then lists 70 common one-word prepositions. The document focuses on different uses of the preposition "to", including indicating movement or direction toward a place or person, expressing time, and as part of phrasal verbs and infinitives. It provides examples for each use and notes "to" is more general than "toward".
This document discusses different types of prepositions and their uses. Prepositions connect nouns, pronouns, and phrases to indicate their relationship in terms of time, space, or place. There are five main types of prepositions: simple, compound, phrase, participle, and double prepositions. The document also explains prepositions of place, time, and movement and provides examples of each. Common prepositions like of, from, with, by, after, behind, during are discussed in terms of their specific uses.
Here are the answers with prepositions filled in the blanks:
1. The boy was absent from school.
2. His company is progressing by leaps & bounds.
3. You don't know how to deal with others.
4. Is she preparing for the test.
5. We put our books in our bags.
6. We can't rely on him.
7. He is working at Durpora in Srinagar.
8. My friend lives in Hamirpur in Goa.
9. Joe Biden lives in New York in USA.
10. The deer was killed by Hunter with Knife.
The document provides an overview of English verb tenses and their uses, including:
- Simple present, past, and future tenses and their uses for general truths, repeated actions, schedules, etc.
- Present, past, and future continuous tenses and their uses for ongoing actions.
- Present, past, and future perfect tenses and their uses to refer to completed actions before a point in time.
- Uses of modal verbs like "will", "be going to", "used to" to indicate future plans, predictions, past habits and more.
The document discusses reported speech and the changes that are made when reporting what someone said. It notes that verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and modal verbs may need to change. It provides examples of reporting statements, questions, commands, suggestions, and promises or threats using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered, suggested, promised. Reported speech follows set rules to transform direct quotes into indirect reported statements, questions, etc. while maintaining the original meaning.
The document discusses the use of various tenses in English, including the present continuous, present simple, present perfect, past simple, past continuous, and future forms. It provides examples of when each tense is used and explanations of the differences between similar tenses like the present perfect simple and continuous. Key points include using the present continuous for temporary situations and plans, the present simple for facts and habits, and the past tenses to talk about completed actions in the past.
The document discusses various verb tenses in English including:
- Past tense which expresses actions in the past using forms like simple past, past continuous, past perfect, etc.
- Present tense which expresses current actions using forms like simple present, present continuous, present perfect, etc.
- Future tense which expresses future actions using forms like simple future, future continuous, future perfect, etc.
It provides examples and explanations of when to use each tense and form.
The document discusses the different tenses in English grammar, including present, past, and future tenses. It explains how verbs are used to indicate the time of actions as present, past, or future. There are 12 tenses in the active voice and 8 in the passive voice. Each tense is used to express different aspects of time such as actions that are ongoing, completed, planned to occur, etc. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper usage of each tense in sentences.
hen presentation of English
a) present simple whit future meanig
b) future. be about to + infinitive. verbs +infinitive
c) present present simple +just/for/since
d) reported speech
e)past tense of there is / there are
f)past continuos
g) intoduction to the passive voice
h)present simple passive
The document discusses reported speech, reported questions, and reported commands/requests. It explains that in reported speech, verb tenses and time expressions are changed. For example, "I need a new car" becomes "he said he needed a new car." Reported questions are introduced with verbs like ask and wonder, without question marks or expressions. Commands and requests are reported using verbs like tell and ask with the infinitive. For example, "Stop the car!" becomes "he told him to stop the car."
The document discusses the infinitive in English grammar. It defines the infinitive as the base form of a verb and notes there are to-infinitives and bare infinitives. It then examines the different functions of the infinitive in a sentence, such as subject, object, and adverbial uses. Finally, it explores the various forms of the infinitive including active/passive voices and perfect/continuous aspects.
There are two main ways to report someone's words: direct speech uses exact words, while indirect speech makes the words part of the reporting sentence by changing pronouns, tenses, and other words as needed based on changes in situation. Basic rules for indirect speech include changing pronouns and tenses to reflect a change in speaker or time. Reported questions do not use question marks or auxiliary "do", and yes/no questions are reported with "if/whether" while wh-questions use the interrogative without inversion. Certain verbs like "promise" and "order" are reported with infinitives or object + infinitive when reporting actions.
The document discusses the present perfect, present perfect progressive, and past perfect tenses in English. It provides examples of how to form and use each tense, including common time words and adverbs used with each tense. Key uses of the present perfect include actions that began in the past and continue to the present, unfinished actions with unspecified time, and repeated actions. The past perfect is used to describe events that occurred before other past events.
The document provides instructions on changing direct speech to indirect speech. It discusses the key rules of tense, modal, time, and pronoun changes that must be made when converting a direct quote to an indirect report of what was said. Examples are given to illustrate each of the rules. The purpose is to help the reader properly transform direct quotes or conversations into indirect reported speech.
Present perfect and present perfect progressiveAtarud A Lingua
The document discusses the difference between the present perfect tense and present perfect progressive tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started and ended at an unclear time in the past or an action that started in the past and may still be relevant. The present perfect progressive tense is used to talk about an ongoing action that began in the past and continues in the present. However, for the verbs "teach, live, and work", both tenses can be used interchangeably. The present perfect tense can also be used with repeated actions and state verbs like "know, like" when used with "since" or "for".
Here is my advice for each situation:
1. You should leave home earlier.
2. You should join a club or take up a hobby to meet new people.
3. You shouldn't eat so much chocolate. You ought to eat more healthily.
4. If I were you, I would take public transportation to work until you can fix your car. You ought not to be late again or you might get in trouble at your job.
Tips on Using Verbs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/19-verbs/1-tips-on-verbs/ ].
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Tips on Using Pronouns [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/22-pronouns/2-self-assessment-quiz-on-pronouns/ ].
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Tips on Modal Verb [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/14-modals/1-tips-on-modals/ ].
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The document provides tips on using conditional tenses in English grammar. It discusses the different types of conditional sentences including open, improbable, and unfulfilled conditions. It explains the verb forms used in the if-clause and main clause for each conditional type. Examples are given and common errors are identified in exercises to help understand when to use each conditional construction.
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The document provides 10 tips for using adverbs correctly in sentences. It defines what an adverb is and the different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, manner, place, frequency, degree. It then lists the 10 tips which include rules for using adverbs like else, otherwise, never, not, nowhere as well as tips for word order and placement of adverbs like enough, rather, often in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate each tip for proper adverb usage.
Tips on Using Adjectives [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/8-adjectives/1-tips-on-adjectives/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
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Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1. 10 TIPS on USING PREPOSITIONS
Grammar Rules and Tips for using Prepositions
2. What is a Preposition?
A Preposition indicates relationships between two nearby words (between a noun or
pronoun and other parts of the sentence) in a sentence and usually appears before a
noun or a pronoun.
Example:
Let's meet near the shopping mall. (near is a preposition; shopping mall is its object)
Forms of Prepositions:
1. Prepositions of Place tell you where something happened. Example: We saw a
movie at the theater.
2. Prepositions of Time when something happened. Example: We saw the movie at
3.30 this afternoon.
3. Prepositions also indicate direction, spatial relationships, as well as other
abstract types of relationships. Example: Look to the left and you’ll see the
movie theater.
4. Some prepositions are two or three word phrases known as Complex Prepositions
or Prepositional Phrases. Example: He got the job in spite of his poor results.
3. Prepositions of Place
In: This is used to indicate a place inside a
room, house, town, city etc
I watch TV in the living room.
I live in New Delhi.
At: An exact position or place or event
She met him at the concert.
I met him at the door.
On: Above a surface, a particular side, a
floor in the house, for television etc
My apartment is on the third floor.
I watched the Mahabaratha on TV.
From: In the sense of ‘where from’
I bought dresses from the mall.
Under/ Below: Lower or above something
The birds are flying below the clouds.
By/ Near/ Beside/ Next to: Adjacent to
something
Dilip is waiting by the car.
Over: exceeding, overcoming an obstacle,
above
They climbed over the wall to flee.
He is over 70 years old.
4. Prepositions of Time
At: A certain point in time
I will meet you at lunch time.
On: Days, weekends.
What are you doing on Sunday?
In: Certain periods of time, months,
seasons, mornings etc.
It gets cold in winter.
Since/ For: From a certain point in time in
the past till now.
He has been living in Jaipur since 2010.
She has been sleeping for more than ten
hours.
Ago: A certain time in the past
He came to Jaipur two years ago.
Before: Earlier than a certain point in time
He goes for a walk before dawn.
From: The time when something starts
The shop remains open from 9:30 AM till
10:00 PM.
Till/ Until: upto a certain point in time
He waited until half past six.
By: Not later than; at or before
He returns from school by 5 o’clock.
5. Other Types of Prepositions
Off: Leaving a public transport vehicle
She got off the train.
Of: Expressing amount or ownership
She is a friend of mine.
Show her the picture of the palace.
Out of: Leaving a vehicle or a building
She got out of the lift in a hurry.
About: Dealing with a certain topic
We were talking about the movie.
By: a method of travelling; indicating the
creator; indicating a change/ progression
This book was written by Rushkin Bond.
Prices have risen by 2.5 percent.
At: Indicating age
She learned to drive at 65.
On: A method of travelling
He got there by foot.
Please get on the bus before it starts.
From: expressing origin or a change in state
It is a gift from Ashish.
The fever went from bad to worse.
In: Entering a car/ taxi
I asked her to get in the car.
7. Preposition is ALWAYS followed by:
•Noun: The coffee is on the table.
•Proper noun: He is going to Raipur.
•Pronoun: Mahesh gave it to them.
•Noun group: I took a drive with my new
car.
•Gerund: He went crazy on hearing the
news.
Preposition is NEVER followed by a verb:
If a Preposition is followed by a verb,
then it should be in ‘-ing’ form, which
means a gerund or verb in noun form.
I always dream about winning the
lottery.
Tip #1: What follows a
Preposition?
A. The object in interrogative pronoun is
understood:
That is something with which I cannot agree.
(incorrect)
That is something I cannot agree with. (correct)
B. The object of the preposition is relative
pronoun ‘that’:
This is the book of that he always talks.
(incorrect)
This is the book that he always talks of.
(correct)
C. Preposition is placed after the infinitive if
the infinitive qualifies the noun:
He gave me a pen to write. (incorrect)
He gave me a pen to write with. (correct)
Tip #2: Cases where a
Preposition is not followed
by an object
8. Preposition with Pronouns: If
object of the preposition is a
pronoun then it should be in
the objective form (me, her,
them), not subjective form (I, she,
they).
This is from my wife and I.
(Incorrect)
This is from my wife and me.
(Correct)
Tip #3: Preposition with
Pronouns
Tip #4: Omission of
Preposition
Await, Lack, Regret, Concern, Board, Ensure,
Affect, Sign, Join, Direct, Order, befall, Eschew,
Attack, Invade, Resist, Resign, Reach, Succeed,
Precede, Pervade, Resemble, Demand,
Consider, Violate, Accompany, Comprise,
Investigate, Discuss, Enter, Stress, Emphasize:
When these verbs are used in active form NO
Preposition is used after them.
She resembles with her sister.
I will discuss about the subject with the
teacher.
Omission of Preposition ‘to’: When verbs of
communication like ‘advise, tell, ask, beg,
command’ etc are used before an object, then
‘to’ should not be used with the verb.
I advised to him to go.
9. ‘Since’ as a Preposition: is used to express
some definite time from the past till the
present .
The person is missing since last Monday.
‘Since’ as a Conjunction: joining two
sentence clauses
Many things have changed since I left the
city.
Since you will not work, you shall not eat.
(as conjunction meaning ‘because’)
‘Since’ as Adverb: is used to express ‘from a
time in the past till now’.
He left the city in 1998 and I have not seen
him since.
Tip #5: Since
‘To’ as a Preposition:
I am used to driving.
‘To’ as an Infinitive :
I love to drive. (here the verb ‘drive’ is in
its basic form and is not the main verb, so
it is an infinitive preceded by ‘to)
‘Beside’ and ‘Besides’:
She sat beside the table. (here ‘beside ‘
means near)
Besides Bharatnatyam she also learning
Kathak. (here ‘besides’ means in addition
to)
Tip #6: To & Beside
10. ‘On’ and ‘In’: ‘In’ is used to refer to ‘by end of
the specified time’ whereas ‘On’ is used to
denote the exact time, neither before nor
after.
The train will leave in ten minutes.
The train is on time.
‘On’ and ‘Upon’: ‘On’ and ‘Upon’ are
prepositions that convey same meaning and
can be used interchangeably. However, in
some cases ‘on’ is used to denote position
where as ‘upon’ is used to denote some
movement.
The pillow is on the bed.
He threw the pillow upon the bed.
‘On’ as preposition of Time and Place:
The shop remains closed on Sunday. (time)
The shop is on the right. (place)
Tip #7: On Vs In, Upon,
Tip #8: In Vs Into, At,
Within
‘In’ and ‘At’: ‘In’ is used in wider and bigger
sense of town, cities, countries etc. But ‘At’ is
used to denote comparatively smaller places.
She lives at Laketown in Kolkata. (Kolkata is a
big city but ‘Laketown’ is a small locality.)
‘In’ and ‘Into’: ‘In’ is used to denote position
whereas ‘Into’ is used to express motion
toward something.
I live in this house. (‘in’ refers to the position
where I live.)
I walked into the house. (‘into’ refers to my
movement towards the house)
‘In’ and ‘Within’: ‘In’ is used to refer to the
end of a specific time, whereas ‘Within’ is used
to denote ‘before the end of specified time’.
He will return in five minutes.
He will return within five minutes.
11. Identify Preposition from
Adverb: A preposition always has
an object. An adverb never has an
object.
Please come in the
kitchen. (preposition ‘in’ has
object ‘the kitchen’)
Please come in. (adverb ‘in’ has
no object; it qualifies the verb
‘come’)
Tip #9: Preposition or
Adverb?
‘By’ and ‘With’:
He struck the bird with an arrow.
(‘with’ is used to denote
instrument, equipment)
The bird was struck by the
archer. (‘by’ is used for the ‘doer’
of the action)
Tip #10: By & With
13. Spot the Error
He ordered for the employee’s transfer.
I am concerned with your health.
Ravi is more concerned for getting the job done.
I left home at Monday morning to catch a flight for Bangalore.
He is one of the best players from India and he takes pride of it.
14. He ordered for the employee’s transfer.
He ordered the employee’s transfer.
I am concerned with your health.
I am concerned for your health.
Ravi is more concerned for getting the job done.
Ravi is more concerned with getting the job done.
I left home at Monday morning to catch a flight for Bangalore.
I left home on Monday morning to catch a flight to Bangalore.
He is one of the best players from India and he takes pride of it.
He is one of the best players in India and he takes pride in it.
Spot the Error
15. Spot the Error
I look forward to see you.
I dived in the water.
The road repair work disrupted the traffic from two days.
I informed to the police of the burglary.
The lion attacked on the deer.
16. I look forward to see you.
I look forward to seeing you.
I dived in the water.
I dived into the water.
The road repair work disrupted the traffic from two days.
The road repair work disrupted the traffic for two days.
I informed to the police of the burglary.
I informed to the police of the burglary.
The lion attacked on the deer.
The lion attacked on the deer.
Spot the Error
17. About Us
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs,
master English Grammar and Vocabulary , ace
Aptitude Tests , speak fluently in a Group Discussion
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jobs on LearningPundits.
You can read more about Tips on Using
Prepositions.
Editor's Notes
VO: 8 Tips on using Prepositions
VO:
VO:
VO:
VO:
VO:
VO:
VO:
VO: Each of the following sentences will contain a mistake in the usage of Prepositions. See if you can spot that mistake.
VO: Can you spot the errors in these 5 sentences? Please pause the video here to see if you can spot all 5 errors.
VO: the sentence He ordered for the employee’s transfer– is incorrect because no preposition is used after the word ‘order’ in active form. So the correct answer is He ordered the employee’s transfer.
I am concerned about your health– is incorrect because to indicate ‘worry’ the correct preposition in this case following the word ‘concerned’ should be ‘for’. So the correct answer is I am concerned for your health.
Ravi is more concerned for getting the job done--– is incorrect because to indicate ‘interest’ the correct preposition in this case following the word ‘concerned’ should be ‘with’. So the correct answer is Ravi is more concerned with getting the job done.
The sentence I left home at Monday morning to catch a flight for Bangalore– is incorrect because the correct preposition of time before Monday would be ‘on’ and the correct preposition of place before Bangalore should be ‘to’. So the correct answer is I left home on Monday morning to catch a flight to Bangalore.
He is one of the best players from India and he takes pride of it-- is incorrect because the correct preposition following the word pride is ‘in’. So the correct answer is He is one of the best players in India and he takes pride in it.
VO: Can you spot the errors in these 5 sentences? Please pause the video here to see if you can spot all 5 errors.
VO: The sentence I look forward to see you- is incorrect because verb following a preposition should always be in ‘-ing’ form or a Gerund. So the correct should be I look forward to seeing you.
I dived in the water– is incorrect because we know ‘In’ is used to denote position whereas ‘Into’ is used to express motion toward something. So for the verb ‘dive’, we will use the preposition ‘into, and the correct answer is I dived into the water.
The sentence The road repair work disrupted the traffic from two days-- is incorrect because here the preposition is used to indicate a time period or duration. So the correct preposition would be ‘for’ and the answer is The road repair work disrupted the traffic for two days.
I informed to the police of the burglary-- is incorrect because ‘inform’ is a verb of communication appearing before the object ‘the burglary’ hence it would not be preceded by preposition ‘to’. The correct answer is I informed the police of the burglary.
The sentence The lion attacked on the deer– is incorrect because no preposition is used after the verb ‘attack’ if it is in active form. So the correct answer is The lion attacked the deer.