This document provides an explanation and examples of the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense in English grammar. The present perfect tense is used to refer to an action that began in the past and has relevance in the present. It uses the auxiliary verbs "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the main verb. Examples are given of nominal and verbal sentences constructed in the present perfect tense. The present perfect continuous tense refers to an action that began in the past and is ongoing in the present. It uses the auxiliary verbs "have" or "has" plus "been" plus the "-ing" form of the main verb. Exercises are provided to practice forming sentences in the present perfect

1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE & PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
ALAMSYAH PRATAMA

2. A. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

3. Pengertian/
Definisi Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect
tense adalah suatu
pola kalimat dengan
perubahan bentuk
kata kerja yang
digunakan untuk
menyatakan/mengun
gkapkan suatu
aksi/peristiwa masa
lalu yang masih
berlanjut sampai
sekarang.
Jadi, peristiwanya baru
saja terjadi, tapi hasil
atau akibat dari
peristiwa tersebut
masih bisa terlihat dan
masih bisa dirasakan
pada saat pembicaraan
terjadi
Selain itu, tenses ini
biasanya digunakan
untuk menunjukkan
peristiwa atau
membahas tentang
pengalaman/perubahan
yang berkaitan dengan
suatu tempat.

4. Rumus Present Perfect Tense dan Pola
Kalimatnya
Nominal
Sentences (kalimat
nominal) Present
Perfect Tense
Verbal
Sentences (kalimat
verbal) Present
Perfect Tense

5. Nominal Sentences
(kalimat nominal)
Kalimat nominal adalah kalimat yang tidak mengandung kata kerja seperti kata sifat,
kata benda, dan kata keterangan. Yuk, lihat rumusnya di bawah ini!

6. Contoh kalimat Nominal Sentences
(+)
You have been
a creative
writer since
2018. (Kamu
telah menjadi
seorang penulis
kreatif sejak
tahun 2018.)
(-)
We have not
been
hungry. (Kita
belum merasa
lapar.)
(?)
Has she been
very busy this
week? (Apakah
dia sangat
sibuk pekan
ini?)

7. Verbal Sentences
(kalimat verbal)
Pada kalimat verbal, setelah subjek akan diikuti oleh kata kerja (V) alias verb.
Nah, tenses ini menggunakan kata kerja ketiga verb 3. Lihat rumus berikut
ini:

8. Contoh kalimat Verbal Sentences
(+)
I have eaten
three a day.
(Saya sudah
makan tiga kali
sehari.)
(-)
They have not
paid their
orders.
(Mereka belum
membayar
pesanan-
pesanan
mereka.)
(?)
Have they
surprised Cintia?
(Apakah mereka
sudah memberi
kejutan pada
Cintia?)

9. Important notes!
• Have/has termasuk ke dalam auxiliary verb.
• Auxiliary “have” digunakan untuk subjek I, you,
dan plural subject lainnya, seperti; plural pronoun (they, we), plural
noun (boys, men), dan compound subject dengan kata
hubung “and” (you and I, Masha and David).
• Sebaliknya, auxiliary “has” berlaku pada singular subject, yaitu
kata ganti orang ketiga atau biasa dikenal juga sebagai third-
person singular pronoun (he, she, it), dan singular noun seperti
penyebutan nama orang (Grace, Cerci, etc).
• Pada bagian kalimat interrogative, lawan bicara cukup menjawab
dengan “Yes, (I/you/we/they) have” atau “Yes, (he, she, It) has”
untuk jawaban “Iya”.
Sementara itu, apabila jawabannya “Tidak”, maka bisa
tambahkan not, seperti “No, (I/you/we/they) haven’t” atau “No,
(he, she, It) hasn’t”.

10. Time Expression dalam
Present Perfect Tense
Sama seperti tenses lain pada umumnya, ada keterangan waktu yang bisa
kamu gunakan pada present perfect tense sebagai complement.

11. Exsersices 1
Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in the present perfect tense:
a) I __________ (finish) my homework.
b) They __________ (travel) to many countries.
c) She __________ (live) in that city for three years.
d) We __________ (not see) him since last week.
e) He __________ (already eat) lunch.
Rewrite the following sentences using the present perfect tense:
a) I went to Paris last year. → I __________ to Paris last year.
b) She started a new job two months ago. → She __________ a new job two months ago.
c) They studied Spanish in school. → They __________ Spanish in school.
d) We visited the museum yesterday. → We __________ the museum yesterday.
e) He bought a new car last week. → He __________ a new car last week.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the present perfect tense:
a) The movie __________ (not start) yet.
b) b) How many books __________ (you read) this month?
c) We __________ (never visit) that restaurant before.
d) She __________ (already finish) her work.
e) They __________ (not see) each other for a long time.

12. B. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

13. Pengertian/Definisi
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata
kerja atau tenses untuk
menyatakan aksi yang telah
selesai pada suatu titik di masa
lampau, atau tindakan yang
sudah dimulai di masa lalu,
tetapi tindakan tersebut masih
terjadi/berlanjut sampai masa
sekarang.
Tindakan
pada present
perfect
continuous
tense biasanya
berdurasi
waktu tertentu
dan ada
kaitannya
dengan kondisi
sekarang.

14. Formula/Rumus
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

15. Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
(+) Luna has been reading the novel.
(-) Luna has not been reading the novel.
(?) Has Luna been reading the novel?
(+) My father has been watching Netflix for an hour.
(-) My father has not been watching Netflix for an hour.
(?) Has My father been watching Netflix for an hour?
(+) I have been learning Japanese for 1 year.
(-) I have not been learning Japanese for 1 year.
(?) Have I been learning Japanese for 1 year?

16. Exsersices 2
1. Luna has _____ reading the novel.
2. Rara ____ been making cookies.
3. My brother ____ been driving
4. My father has been watching Netflix for an hour.
5. _____ have not been helping your sister.
6. Julia has ___ been making cookies.
7. Tika hasn’t been _____ the book for two hours.
8. We haven’t _____ waiting here all day.
9. She has not been watching TV for an hour.
10. Has Tiara ______ eating?
11. _____ your sister been driving?
12. ______ they been watching the tournament?
13. Has he ______ reading the paper?
14. ______ the lecturer been checking our mid-exam?

17. Exsersices 3
Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in the present perfect continuous tense:
a) She __________ (study) for the exam all morning.
b) We __________ (wait) at the bus stop since 3 p.m.
c) They __________ (work) on the project for the past two weeks.
d) I __________ (practice) playing the piano for hours. e) The children __________ (play) in the garden
since morning.
Rewrite the following sentences using the present perfect continuous tense:
a) He has been running for an hour. → He __________ for an hour.
b) They have been working in the garden since morning. → They __________ in the garden since morning.
c) She has been cooking dinner for the past two hours. → She __________ dinner for the past two hours.
d) We have been studying Spanish for a long time. → We __________ Spanish for a long time.
e) The team has been practicing for the upcoming match. → The team __________ for the upcoming
match.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the present perfect continuous tense:
a) I __________ (read) this book for hours.
b) How long __________ (you wait) for the bus?
c) They __________ (play) tennis since morning.
d) She __________ (work) on the project all day.
e) We __________ (not exercise) regularly lately.

18. Terima kasih