accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
The content of presentation slides describe the concept of road safety auditing and its application starting from the planning of the road project until opening the road.
traffic volume studies pdf
traffic studies pdf
types of traffic engineering studies
traffic volume study report
traffic volume study
traffic impact studies
types of traffic studies
traffic safety studies
average daily traffic calculation
traffic volume formula
how to calculate adt traffic
calculating adt from peak hour
traffic volume growth factor formula
traffic growth rate calculator
aadt to peak hour volume
calculate dhv from adt
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
State Farm sponsored lesson: "Road Design and Safety" is a PowerPoint for primary and secondary students that overviews safety on roadways and ways in which engineers incorporate safety when designing roads. It also highlights careers in road design and safety. Additionally, this lesson can be paired with a "Design your own 3D Model of Transportation Effectiveness and Roadway Safety" activity.
The content of presentation slides describe the concept of road safety auditing and its application starting from the planning of the road project until opening the road.
traffic volume studies pdf
traffic studies pdf
types of traffic engineering studies
traffic volume study report
traffic volume study
traffic impact studies
types of traffic studies
traffic safety studies
average daily traffic calculation
traffic volume formula
how to calculate adt traffic
calculating adt from peak hour
traffic volume growth factor formula
traffic growth rate calculator
aadt to peak hour volume
calculate dhv from adt
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
State Farm sponsored lesson: "Road Design and Safety" is a PowerPoint for primary and secondary students that overviews safety on roadways and ways in which engineers incorporate safety when designing roads. It also highlights careers in road design and safety. Additionally, this lesson can be paired with a "Design your own 3D Model of Transportation Effectiveness and Roadway Safety" activity.
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Traffic engineering is that branch of engineering which deals with the improvement of
traffic performance on road network and terminals through systematic traffic studies,
scientific analysis and engineering applications which provide safe, rapid, efficient
convenient and economic transportation of persons and goods.
• Traffic engineering includes planning and geometric design on one hand and
regulation and control on the other.
• The road traffic is composed of different categories of vehicular traffic and pedestrian
traffic. Each category of vehicular traffic has two components, the human element as
the driver and the machine as the vehicle.
Traffic Study is “a study conducted during the development approval process to determine the impacts that traffic generated by the proposed development will have on the surrounding street network and the improvements needed to the transportation system in order to mitigate those impacts.”
New Development prone to generate traffic that may give rise to congestion, safety issues, therefore, it demands the need for infrastructure improvement such as new signalization, turn lanes, or crosswalks. Traffic impact studies (TIS) are a common planning tool used by development authorities, such as Building Control Authorities, to foresee demands and impacts on the transportation network and determine transportation improvements that may be necessary to accommodate new development. Traffic access and impact studies are also intended to maintain a satisfactory level of service and the appropriate access provisions for a proposed development.
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced.
Traffic signals are designed to ensure an orderly flow of traffic, provide an opportunity for pedestrians or vehicles to cross an intersection and help reduce the number of conflicts between vehicles entering intersections from different directions.
it was a case study of aurangabad city related to road safety in this ppt there is a deep information of how to conduct road safety audit what are features to be consider while conducting road safety audit blackpot identification and recommendations for better journey & safe travvel
Underground Construction provides construction, technical and management services to its customers. The company specializes in power, communications, airport fueling and heavy engineering. Since laying its first pipe in 1936, Underground Construction has completed thousands of projects throughout the United States.
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
underground construction magazine
underground construction contractors
underground construction az
underground construction company
underground construction safety
underground construction company california
underground construction technology 2019
push underground construction llc
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Self-curing concrete is achieved by means of replacing a part of aggregate by lightweight aggregate or adding chemical admixtures. The self-curing process of concrete takes place from inside to outside, thus reducing the autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation, especially for the high-performance concrete with relatively low water/binder ratio.
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Trenchless construction. Trenchless construction includes such construction methods as tunneling, microtunneling (MTM), horizontal directional drilling (HDD) also known as directional boring, pipe ramming (PR), pipe jacking (PJ), moling, horizontal auger boring (HAB) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal excavation.
trenchless technology pdf
trenchless technology methods
trenchless pipe technologies
trenchless technology contractors
trenchless technology institute
trenchless technology center
trenchless technology conference
trenchless construction methods
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
what is a ribbon bridge
stress ribbon pedestrian bridges
cancer symbols and colors
bridge materials for sale
materials used to build bridges
used bridge
material used in construction
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
The process of self-healing of cracks or self-filling up of cracks by the help of bacterial reaction in the concrete after hardening is known as Self-Healing Concrete. It can be observed that small cracks that occur in a structure of width in the range of 0.05 to 0.1mm gets completely sealed in repetitive dry and wet cycles.
The typical deflection diagrams shown in figures 1 and 2 indicate that all the high strength concrete beams had adequate ductility and Structural Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Beams 135 showed substantial deflections at failure. The ulti- mate deflections shown in Table 3 were measured prior to failure as near to collapse as possible.
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material suitable for producing concrete masonry unit (CMU) like blocks. Composed of quartz sand , calcined gypsum , lime , cement , water and aluminum powder , AAC products are cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave .
autoclaved aerated concrete for sale
autoclaved aerated concrete specification
autoclaved aerated concrete manufacturers usa
autoclaved aerated concrete masonry
autoclaved aerated concrete block
autoclaved aerated concrete r value
autoclaved aerated concrete pdf
autoclaved aerated concrete usa
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
A submerged floating tunnel, also known as submerged floating tube bridge, suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy. The tube would be placed underwater, deep enough to avoid water traffic and weather, but not so deep that high water pressure needs to be dealt with—usually 20–50 m is sufficient. Cables either anchored to the Earth or to pontoons at the surface would prevent it from floating to the surface or ...
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
marble slurry dust as cement additive , The research on the use of marble dust in concrete , , disadvantages of marble dust and quarry dust additive in concrete; Chat Now; disadvantage of using quarry dust in concrete
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Computer Ethics: Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behavior of a group or individual. Therefore, computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Some common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights (such as copyrighted electronic content), privacy concerns, and how ...
CIVIL SEMINAR REPORT :USE OF GEOGRIDS IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT. Geogrids can also prevent aggregate penetration into the subgrade, depending on the ability of the geogrid to confine and prevent lateral displacement of the base/sub-base. However, the geogrid does not prevent intrusion of subgrade soils up into the base/sub-base course,...
flexible pavement ppt
flexible pavement vs rigid pavement
rigid pavement
flexible pavement materials
flexible pavement design
flexible pavement of road construction
types of rigid pavements
flexible pavement construction
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. Introduction
▪ The problem of accident is a very acute in highway transportation
due to complex flow pattern of vehicular traffic, presence of mixed
traffic along with pedestrians.
▪ The traffic engineers have to undertake a big responsibility of
providing safe traffic movements to the road users and ensure their
safety.
▪ Road accidents cannot be totally prevented but by suitable traffic
engineering and management the accident rate can be reduced to a
certain extent.
▪ For this reason systematic study of traffic accidents are required to
be carried out.
▪ Proper investigation of the cause of accident will help to propose
preventive measures in terms of design and control.
3. Objectives of accident studies
▪ To study the causes of accidents and suggest corrective measures
at potential location
▪ To evaluate existing design
▪ To compute the financial losses incurred
▪ To support the proposed design and provide economic justification
to the improvement suggested by the traffic engineer
▪ To carry out before and after studies and to demonstrate the
improvement in the problem
4. Causes of road accidents
▪ Road Users - Excessive speed and rash driving, violation of
traffic rules, failure to perceive traffic situation or sign or signal
in adequate time, carelessness, fatigue, alcohol, sleep etc.
5. ▪ Vehicle - Defects such as failure of brakes, steering system,
tyre burst, lighting system .
6. ▪ Road design - Defective geometric design like inadequate sight
distance, inadequate width of shoulders, improper curve
design, improper traffic control devices and improper lighting,.
7. ▪ Environmental factors -unfavorable weather conditions like
mist, snow, smoke and heavy rainfall which restrict normal
visibility and and makes driving unsafe.
9. ▪ Other causes -improper location of advertisement boards,
gate of level crossing not closed when required etc..
10. Accident Analysis
1. Accident data collection
▪ The accident data collection is the first step in the accident study.
▪ The data collection of the accidents is primarily done by the
police.
▪ Motorist accident reports are secondary data which are filed by
motorists themselves.
▪ The data to be collected should comprise all of these
parameters:
1. General - Date, time, person involved in accident, classification
of accident like fatal, serious, minor
2. Location - Description and detail of location of accident
11. 3.Details of vehicle involved - Registration number, description of
vehicle, loading detail, vehicular defects
4. Nature of accident - Details of collision, damages, injury and
casualty
5. Road and traffic condition - Details of road geometry, surface
characteristics, type of traffic, traffic density etc..
6. Primary causes of accident - Details of various possible cases
(already mentioned) which are the main causes of accident.
7. Accident cost - Financial losses incurred due to property damage,
personal injury and casualty
12. Used of accident data
▪ Identification of location of points at which unusually high
number of accident occur.
▪ Detailed functional evaluation of critical accident location to
identify the causes of accidents.
▪ Development of procedure that allows identification of
hazards before large number of accidents occurs.
▪ Development of different statistical measures of various
accident related factors to give insight into general trends,
common casual factors, driver profiles, etc.
13. Accident investigation
The accident data collection involves extensive investigation which involves the following
procedure:
1. Reporting: It involves basic data collection in form of two methods:
▪ Motorist accident report - It is filed by the involved motorist involved in all accidents fatal
or injurious.
▪ Police accident report - It is filed by the attendant police officer for all accidents at which
an officer is present.
▪ This generally includes fatal accidents or mostly accidents involving serious injury
required emergency or hospital treatment or which have incurred heavy property
damage.
14. 2. At Scene-Investigation: It involves obtaining information at scene
such as measurement of skid marks, examination of damage of
vehicles, photograph of final position of vehicles, examination of
condition and functioning of traffic control devices and other road
equipments.
3.Technical Preparation: This data collection step is needed for
organization and interpretation of the study made. In this step
measurement of grades, sight distance, preparing drawing of after
accident situation, determination of critical and design speed for
curves is done.
4. Professional Reconstruction: In this step effort is made to determine
from whatever data is available how the accident occurs from the
available data.This involves accident reconstruction which has been
discussed under Section No.7 in details. It is professionally referred as
determining behavioral or mediate causes of accident.
5. Cause Analysis: It is the effort made to determine why the accident
occurred from the data available and the analysis of accident
reconstruction studies..
15. Accident data analysis
▪ The purpose is to find the possible causes of accident related to
driver, vehicle, and roadway.
Accident analyses are made to develop information such as:
▪ Driver and Pedestrian - Accident occurrence by age groups and
relationships of accidents to physical capacities and to
psychological test results.
▪ Vehicle - Accident occurrence related to characteristic of
vehicle, severity, location and extent of damage related to
vehicles.
▪ Roadway conditions - Relationships of accident occurrence and
severity to characteristics of the roadway and roadway
condition and relative values of changes related to roadways.
16. Safety measures
▪ The ultimate goal is to develop certain improvement measures to mitigate
the circumstances leading to the accidents.
▪ The measures to decrease the accident rates are generally divided into three
groups engineering, enforcement and education.
The various measures of engineering that may be useful to prevent accidents are
enumerated below
Visual guidance to driver
▪ There is consecutive change of picture in drivers mind while he is in motion.
▪ The number of factors that the driver can distinguish and clearly fix in his
mind is limited.
▪ On an average the perception time for vision is 1/16th, for hearing is 1/20th
and for muscular reaction is 1/20th.
▪ The number of factors that can be taken into account by organs of sense of a
driver in one second is given by the formula below.
17. E = MV/L (42.21)
▪ where, M = No. of factors that can be taken into account by the organ
of sense of driver for L m long,V = speed of vehicle in m/sec.
Factors affecting drivers attention when he is on road;
▪ 1. Factors relating to the road elements of road that directly affect the
driving of a vehicle are traffic signs, changes in direction of road, three
legged intersection and various other things.
▪ 2. Factors connected with traffic Other vehicles, cycles, pedestrians.
18. ▪ 3. Factors related indirectly to the vehicle motion Building and
structures that strike the eye, vegetation, landscape, etc.
using the laws of visual perception certain measures have been
suggested:
▪ Contrast in visibility of the road should be achieved by provision of
elements that differ from its surrounding by colors, pattern such as
shoulder strips, shoulder covered with grass, edge markings.
▪ Providing road side vegetation is an effective means.
▪ The visibility of crown of trees from a distant location is also very
useful in visual guiding.
▪ The provision of guard rails of different contrasting colors also
takes drivers attention and prevent from monotonous driving.
19. Other methods
Various other methods of traffic accident mitigation are described
below:
▪ Street lighting: Street lightning of appropriate standard
contributes to safety in urban area during night time due to poor
visibility.
▪ Installation of good lighting results in 21% reduction in all
accidents, 29% reduction in “all casualty” accidents, 21%
reduction in “non pedestrian casualty” accidents, and 57%
reduction in “pedestrian casualty” accidents.
20. ▪ Improvement in skid resistance If road is very smooth then
skidding of the vehicles may occur or if the pavement is wet then
wet weather crashes occur which account about 20-30%.Thus it is
important to improve the skid resistance of the road.Various
ways of increasing the skid resistance of road are by constructing
high-friction overlay or cutting of grooves into the pavement.
▪ Road markings Road markings ensure proper guidance and
control to the traffic on a highway.They serve as supplementary
function of road sign.They serve as psychological barrier and
delineation of traffic path and its lateral clearance from traffic
hazards for the safe movement of traffic.Thus their purpose is to
provide smooth and safe traffic flow.
21. ▪ Guide posts with or without reflectorThey are provided at the edge of
the roadway to prevent the vehicles from being off tracked from the
roadway.Their provision is very essential in hilly road to prevent the
vehicle from sliding from top. Guide posts with reflector guide the
movement of vehicle during night.
▪ Guard rail Guard rail have similar function as of guide post. On high
embankments, hilly roads, road running parallel to the bank of river,
shores of lake, near rock protrusion, trees, bridge, abutments a
collision with which is a great hazard for a vehicle. It is required to
retain the vehicle on the roadway which has accidentally left the road
because of fault or improper operation on the part of the driver.
Driver who has lost control create a major problem which can be
curbed by this measure.
22. ▪ Driver reviver stop Driver reviver stop are generally in use in countries
like U.S.A where driver can stop and refresh himself with food,
recreation and rest.They play a very important part in traffic safety as
they relieve the driver from the mental tension of constant driving.
These stops are required to be provided after every 2 hour travel time.
▪ Constructing flyovers and bypass In areas where local traffic is high
bypasses are required to separate through traffic from local traffic to
decrease the accident rate.To minimize conflicts at major
intersections flyovers are required for better safety and less accident
rate
▪ Regular accident studies Based on the previous records of accidents
the preventive measures are taken and after that the data related to
accidents are again collected to check the efficiency of the measures
and for future implementation of further preventive measures.
23. Safety measures related to
enforcement
▪ The various measures of enforcement that may be useful to prevent
accidents at spots prone to accidents are enumerated below.These rules are
revised from time to time to make them more comprehensive.
▪ Speed control
▪ Checks on spot speed of all vehicles should be done at different locations and
timings and legal actions on those who violate the speed limit should be
taken
▪ Training and supervision
▪ The transport authorities should be strict while issuing licence to drivers of
public service vehicles and taxis. Driving license of the driver may be renewed
after specified period, only after conducting some tests to check whether the
driver is fit
▪ Medical check
▪ The drivers should be tested for vision and reaction time at prescribed
intervals of time
24. Safety measures related to
education
▪ The various measures of education that may be useful to prevent
accidents are enumerated below.
▪ Education of road users
▪ The passengers and pedestrians should be taught the rules of the
road, correct manner of crossing etc. by introducing necessary
instruction in the schools for the children and by the help of posters
exhibiting the serious results due to carelessness of road users.
▪ Safety drive
▪ Imposing traffic safety week when the road users are properly
directed by the help of traffic police as a means of training the public.
Training courses and workshops should be organized for drivers in
different parts of the country.