Transformers are electrical devices that use electromagnetic induction to convert alternating current (AC) voltages between circuits. They consist of two coils - a primary coil that receives input power and a secondary coil that outputs power. In between the coils is a ferromagnetic core that provides a controlled path for the magnetic flux. Transformers work by using mutual inductance - an alternating current in the primary coil induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The voltage can be stepped up or down depending on the transformer design. Transformers are classified based on their construction, purpose, type of supply, cooling method, and use. They are widely used to change voltage levels for transmission, distribution, and industrial applications.

1. KAVYA.M
TRANSFORMERS

2. Transformers are electrical devices used to convert or
transform AC voltage from one circuit to another
circuit.
Input and output are AC.
Transformer works under the principle of
electromagnetic induction.
An ideal case input power fed at primary is equal the
power obtained at the secondary.
V1I1 =V2I2

4. Symbol of transformer

5. Parts of transformer
A transformer consists of 3 basic components.
 Primary coil or primary winding: It is an
electrical wire wrapped around the core on the
input side.
 Secondary coil or secondary winding: It is an
electrical wire wrapped around the core on the
out put side.
 Core: A ferromagnetic material that is used to
provide a controlled path for the magnetic flux
generated in the transformer. Example :iron

7. Transformer operation
 An electrical transformer normally consists of a
ferromagnetic core and coils called windings.
 A transformer uses the principle of mutual
inductance to create an AC voltage in the
secondary coil from the alternating electric
current flowing through the primary coil.
 The voltage induced on the secondary can be
used to drive a load.

9. Types of transformers
A) On the basis of construction
Transformers can be classified on different basis,
like types of construction ,types of cooling etc
 1.Core type transformer
 2.shell type transformer
In core type transformer windings are cylindrical in
shape , Materials like paper, cloth or mica can be
used for insulation.

11. In shell type transformer the coils are mounded
in layers stacked with insulation between them.
A shell type transformer may have simple
rectangular form.
B)On the basis of their purpose
1.Step up transformer
2.Step down transformer

12. 1.Step up transformer
2.Step down transformer

13. C)On the basis of type of supply
1.Single phase transformer
2.Three phase transformer
D)On the basis of their use
1.Power transformer: used in transmission
network.
2.Distribution transformer: used in distribution
network, comparatively lower rating than
that of power transformers.

14. 3.Instrument transformer: used in relay and
protection purpose in different instruments in
industries.
E)On the basis of cooling employed
1.oil-filled self cooled type.
2.oil-filled water cooled type.
3.Air blast type.

15. Application of transformer
 For voltage step up (in electrical generating
stations.)
 For voltage step down (in industrial
machines)
 For impedance matching (in loud speakers)

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