The document discusses the process of translation, where mRNA is used as a template to synthesize a protein through the use of ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA). It describes the three main stages of translation as initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation involves a tRNA binding to the small ribosomal subunit and mRNA. Elongation is the process of tRNAs entering the ribosome, pairing with mRNA codons, and linking amino acids. Termination occurs when a stop codon is reached and the protein is released.