Toxic shock syndrome is a serious, life threatening illness caused by toxins released by two specific bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus
It is a medical emergency requiring prompt care
Every year more than 10 million children die in developing countries due to acute respiratory infections (mostly pneumonia), diarrhea, measles, malaria, or malnutrition - and often to a combination of these illnesses. In 1990s, the WHO, in collaboration with UNICEF and many other agencies, institutions and individuals, responded to this challenge by developing a strategy known as the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI).This strategy adopted in India as Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI). IMNCI caters to two groups of children
• 0-2 months, referred to as young infants.
• 2 months to 5 years, referred to as children.
Neural tube defects are the most common congenital abnormality in India which can be easily prevented with due information and better nursing practices. Neural Tube Defects can be prevented with intake of folic acid.
Postpartum psychosis is a severe mental illness which develops acutely in the early postnatal period. It is a psychiatric emergency. Identifying women at risk allows development of care plans to allow early detection and treatment. Management requires specialist care. Health professionals must take into account the needs of the family and new baby, as well as the risks of medication whilst breast-feeding.
Every year more than 10 million children die in developing countries due to acute respiratory infections (mostly pneumonia), diarrhea, measles, malaria, or malnutrition - and often to a combination of these illnesses. In 1990s, the WHO, in collaboration with UNICEF and many other agencies, institutions and individuals, responded to this challenge by developing a strategy known as the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI).This strategy adopted in India as Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI). IMNCI caters to two groups of children
• 0-2 months, referred to as young infants.
• 2 months to 5 years, referred to as children.
Neural tube defects are the most common congenital abnormality in India which can be easily prevented with due information and better nursing practices. Neural Tube Defects can be prevented with intake of folic acid.
Postpartum psychosis is a severe mental illness which develops acutely in the early postnatal period. It is a psychiatric emergency. Identifying women at risk allows development of care plans to allow early detection and treatment. Management requires specialist care. Health professionals must take into account the needs of the family and new baby, as well as the risks of medication whilst breast-feeding.
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
The most common cause is viral infections.
In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
Primary encephalitis- It occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary encephalitis- It occurs when an infection starts elsewhere in the body and then travels to your brain.
Older adults
Children under the age of 1 year
People with weak immune systems
Primary (infectious) encephalitis
Common viruses, including HSV (herpes simplex virus) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
Childhood viruses, including measles and mumps
Arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects), including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis
Secondary encephalitis: could be caused by a complication of a viral infection.
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
Seizures are episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity (or a combination of these) resulting from sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
A brief discussion of a very common bacterial infection presenting as fever and skin rash following skin infection or use of tampons. Affecting adults especially women. Very helpful for medical students, ER doctors, dermatologists, nurses. References from dermatology textbook Rooks.
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
The most common cause is viral infections.
In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
Primary encephalitis- It occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary encephalitis- It occurs when an infection starts elsewhere in the body and then travels to your brain.
Older adults
Children under the age of 1 year
People with weak immune systems
Primary (infectious) encephalitis
Common viruses, including HSV (herpes simplex virus) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
Childhood viruses, including measles and mumps
Arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects), including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis
Secondary encephalitis: could be caused by a complication of a viral infection.
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
Seizures are episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity (or a combination of these) resulting from sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
A brief discussion of a very common bacterial infection presenting as fever and skin rash following skin infection or use of tampons. Affecting adults especially women. Very helpful for medical students, ER doctors, dermatologists, nurses. References from dermatology textbook Rooks.
Toxic shock syndrome is often caused by the Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) and less commonly Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria which are able to produce harmful toxins.
Mostly introduced about food toxic infection, Infectious toxic shock, Clinical and diagnostical algorithm.
Principles of emergency aid with position of evidence-based medicine.
Dengue in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur m.s. indiaalka mukherjee
Significant outbreaks of dengue fever occur every five or six years. There tend to remain a large number of susceptible people in the population despite previous outbreaks because there are four different strains of the dengue virus and because of new susceptible individuals entering the target population, either through childbirth or immigration.
Dengue infection in pregnancy carries the risk of hemorrhage for both the mother and the newborn. In addition, there is a serious risk of premature birth and foetal death. In case of infection close to term, there is a risk of vertical transmission. Hence the knowledge of its diagnosis and management is of vital importance.
During a recent outbreak we encountered at least seven cases of fever with thrombocytopenia in pregnancy but only two were seropositive for dengue.
Severe Dengue
Successful management of severe dengue requires careful attention to fluid management and proactive treatment of hemorrhage. Admission to an intensive care unit is indicated for patients with dengue shock syndrome.
Patients may need a central intravenous line for volume replacement and an arterial line for accurate blood pressure monitoring and frequent blood tests. Exercise caution when placing intravascular catheters because of the increased bleeding complications of dengue hemorrhagic fever
Dengue virus rarely causes death. However, the infection can progress into a more serious condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever include: bleeding under the skin. frequent vomiting.
Nephritis is a inflammation of kidney .
It is classified into various types like lupus nephritis ,interstitial nephritis , glomerulonephritis ,pyelonephritis.
Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of kidney due to autoimmune disorder named as lupus .
It is inflammation of lower urinary tract .
Management of oral problem in Palliative care setting jenishaadhikari
Oral complications from radiation to the head and neck or chemotherapy for any malignancy can compromise patients’ health and quality of life, and affect their ability to complete planned cancer treatment.
For some patients, the complications can be so debilitating that they may tolerate only lower doses of therapy, postpone scheduled treatments, or discontinue treatment entirely.
Oral complications can also lead to serious systemic infections
community heath nursing
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles.
Gender equality, also known as sex equality, sexual equality, or equality of the genders, is the view that everyone should receive equal treatment and not be discriminated against based on their gender.
Registered nurse positioned in an emergency room (ER); responsible for assessing patients,
initiating emergency treatment and
determining their level of need
medical assistance.
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
Clinical teaching is an individualized
or group teaching to the nursing
student in the clinical area by the
nurse educators, staff and
clinical nurse manager
Placental abruption is premature separation of placenta from the uterus/ in other words separates before childbirth.
It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
3. Introduction
• Toxic shock syndrome is a serious, life
threatening illness caused by toxins released
by two specific bacteria Streptococcus
pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus
• It is a medical emergency requiring prompt
care
4. Definition
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a toxin-
mediated acute life-threatening illness, usually
precipitated by infection with either
Staphylococcus aureus or group A
Streptococcus (GAS), also called
Streptococcus pyogenes
5. • Although this disease has been frequently
linked to use of tampons in menstruating
women, it can affect people of any gender &
any age.
• About half of the reported cases have been
linked to the use of tampons in menstruating
women, while the remaining cases are due to
other situations.
• TSS can occur with skin infections, burns &
after surgery.
6. • Toxic shock syndrome affects menstruating
women, especially those who use super-
absorbent tampons. The body responds with a
sharp drop in blood pressure that deprives
organs of oxygen and can lead to death.
7. Cause
• TSS is caused by bacteria of either
the Streptococcus pyogenes or
Staphylococcus aureus type.
• Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS)
is sometimes referred to as toxic shock-like
syndrome (TSLS)
8. Pathophysiology
colonization or infection of bacteros
Production of toxins
Toxins absorbed systematically
Production of cell mediator chemicals (cytokines,
interleukin1 (IL1) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)
Capable of mediating shock and tissue injury and
systemic manifestations of TSS
9. Clinical manifestation
Onset usually sudden with
• High fever (102 ᵒ F or more)
• Watery diarrhea
• Nausea & vomiting
• Low blood pressure
• Widespread skin rash
• Dizziness
10. • Muscle ache
• Confusion
• Peeling of the skin of palms & soles of feet
• Headache
• Redness of eyes, mouth, throat, vagina, vulva
• Seizures
• Organ failure (usually kidneys, liver)
11. CDC criteria
• Body temperature > 38.9 °C (102.02 °F)
• Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg
• Diffuse macular erythroderma
• Desquamation (especially of the palms and
soles) 1–2 weeks after onset
Reference : CDC, Atlanta , Georgia 2011
12. Reference : CDC, Atlanta , Georgia 2011
• Involvement of three or more organ systems:
– Gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhea)
– Muscular: severe myalgia
– Mucous membrane hyperemia (vaginal, oral,
conjunctival)
– Kidney failure
– Liver inflammation
– Low platelet count (platelet count < 100,000 /
mm3)
– Central nervous system involvement (confusion
without any focal neurological findings
13. Reference : CDC,Atlanta , Georgia 2011
• Negative results of:
– Blood, throat, and CSF cultures for other bacteria
(besides S. aureus)
– Negative serology
for Rickettsia infection, leptospirosis, and measles
14. DIAGNOSIS
• No specific test can diagnose TSS
• History,
– difficult to diagnose until characteristic symptoms
evolves & source of infection is identified
• Physical examination
• Blood culture
• Culture or throat secretion, vaginal culture
• Blood test RFT ( raised urea & creatinine)
• LFT (decreased liver function)
16. Nursing management
Assessment
• Physical examination
• History
a. Use of tampons
b. Recent surgery
c. Use of contraceptive devices
d. Past history of TSS
e. Child birth
17. Nursing diagnosis
• Altered body temperature r/t infection
• Impaired skin integrity r/t peeling of skin
• Risk for septic shock r/t presence of infection,
broken skin
• Risk of fluid volume deficit r/t vomiting and
diarrhea
• Anxiety r/t change in health status and threat of
death
• Knowledge deficit regarding condition, prognosis,
complications, transmission r/t lack of information
18. Intervention
• Assess BP, CVP, V/S, early signs
&symptoms of shock.
• Assess lab values (LFT, RFT, blood
culture)
• Rapid evaluation of condition of patient.
Mechanical ventilation if needed .
• Fluid & electrolyte replacement upto 12L
/day
19. • Administer the Antibiotics as prescribed .This
may include a combination
of cephalosporins, penicillins or vancomycin.
The addition of clindamycin or gentamicin
reduces toxin production and mortality
• Prepare patient for Hemodialysis if kidney
failure occur.
• Examine the vagina for signs of inflammation
and rule out common sexually transmitted
diseases with similar symptoms
20. How to prevent toxic shock syndrome?
• Women who have had toxic shock syndrome
should avoid using tampons during
menstruation as reinfection may occur. The use
of diaphragms and vaginal sponges may also
increase the risk of toxic shock syndrome.
• Prompt and thorough wound care will help to
avoid toxic shock syndrome.
21. • Women should use sanitary napkin instead of
tampons.
• All wounds should be kept clean and
bandaged. And monitor for signs of infection.
• Change the tampon every 4to 6 hourly.
• Use the lowest absorbency tampon.
• Hand washing before and after inserting
tampon.
• Don’t leave diaphragm or sponge for a long
period of time