Postpartum psychosis is a severe mental illness which develops acutely in the early postnatal period. It is a psychiatric emergency. Identifying women at risk allows development of care plans to allow early detection and treatment. Management requires specialist care. Health professionals must take into account the needs of the family and new baby, as well as the risks of medication whilst breast-feeding.
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
The Central Nervous System Center, P.L.L.C. (CNS Center of Arizona) seeks to promote patient-centered, comprehensive clinical care. CNS Centers of Arizona pursues excellence in clinical and evidence-based initiatives in areas related to psychiatric disorders.
Separation Anxiety Disorder(SAD) is a psychological condition in which an individual has an excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or with whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment.
Teenage pregnancy is one of the biggest problem in the world and more so in Africa, people need to come out and talk about this problem in the world and together we can end this.
LESSONS IN BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES FOR THE STUDENT NURSE - RICHARD OPOKU ASARERichard Asare
The knowledge of behavioural sciences is instrumental in advancing nursing and midwifery practice. Nurses and midwives can benefit from thorough understanding of factors of health behaviour change. Thus behavioural sciences can provide an understanding of client behaviour; it helps to appreciate factors determining health behaviour and health service delivery, and it can offer alternative approaches to nursing and midwifery practice that may improve the effectiveness of client care.
The content of this handbook is a compilation of lecture notes. It discusses the development of psychology and sociology, human growth and development, and some theories that explain the uniqueness of the individual’s personality. It explains some of the theories of learning, memory and motivation, and further explains socialization.
More so, it will help the student nurse/midwife acquire the needed skills and attitude to relate with other members of the healthcare team as they perform their various roles. Besides, it allows the student nurse/midwife to recognize the hospital as part of the social system and helps him or her to gain knowledge in managing conflict and to identify social factors that influence health.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION FOR THE STUDENT NURSE - RICHARD OPOKU ASARERichard Asare
This handbook introduces the student nurse/midwife to the basic therapeutic techniques in the care of their clients. It is prepared in such a way to develop students’ interest in cultivating effective interviewing skills, including attentive listening, eliciting patients’ concerns, fears and feelings, establishing rapport, and to develop the skill in using open-and close-ended questions in deriving health history from their clients to be able to plan the appropriate nursing care.
One of the main ways nurses establish trust with clients is through communication. Because nurses are likely to have the most direct contact with clients, effective nurse-patient communication is critical. Nurses can utilize proven therapeutic communication techniques that promote quality care. More so, nurses provide patients with support and information while maintaining a level of professional distance and objectivity.
Although this handbook cannot automatically change practice, it is hoped that by observing and thinking about ways in which we communicate, from a cultural point of view, we can also begin to change our practice.
It is hoped that other allied health professionals would find this handbook a useful learning material.
Many people get defensive or sad when they are criticized at work. However, criticism is an evaluative or corrective exercise that can occur in any area of human endeavour. Appreciating criticism as an exercise that is meant to improve your skills and change for the better is worth learning.
This piece of presentation introduces you to the types of criticisms and how to receive and give criticism.
Most people have difficulty differentiating between seizure and convulsion. This presentation also highlights the differences between hysterical fit and grand mal seizure.
How to manage the client is briefly discussed.
The term personality is frequently used to refer to certain qualities possessed by some people which influence or impress others. This notion of personality is incomplete and superficial.
In psychology, the term Personality has a wider meaning. It refers to the sum total of a person’s psychological and physical characteristics which make him a unique person.
The term embraces the individual’s behavioural tendencies, his intellectual qualities and his emotional disposition.
Personality is the total quality of an individual behaviour as it is shown in the habits, thinking, attitudes, interests, manner of acting and personal philosophy of life.
Our will power helps us to overcome many obstacles and hindrances in our lives. It is imperative that motivation forms an aspect of our desire to achieve our ends. Understanding motivation gives us insight into our behaviours and appreciate the efforts of others.
SOCIALIZATION AND CONFLICT & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT.pdfRichard Asare
For one to be a good practitioner, the individual needs to be socialized well in his/her chosen profession/career. One needs to be imbibed in the culture and ethics of the job he/she means to profess. As humans as we are, and members of a health team, there is bound to be conflict as we work together. Understanding the basis of conflict will help the individual to resolve issues as they crop up.
Postpartum psychosis is a severe mental illness which develops acutely in the early postnatal period. It is a psychiatric emergency. Identifying women at risk allows development of care plans to allow early detection and treatment. Management requires specialist care. Health professionals must take into account the needs of the family and new baby, as well as the risks of medication whilst breast-feeding.
The term personality refers to enduring qualities of an individual that are shown in his ways of behaving in a wide variety of circumstances. It is the sum total of a person’s intellectual, emotional and volitional traits; and it is revealed by his appearance, behavior, habits and relationships with other people, which differentiate him as unique individual.
Psychotherapeutic agents are a key component in the management of psychiatric disorders. Knowledge in this aspect of therapy goes a long way to help the health professional and the patient as well. However, care must be taken in administering these agents to pregnant women, and if possible stop, or consult your psychiatrist before taking these agents.
somatoform disorders are characterized by persistent requests for medical attention because of physical complaints that cannot be sufficiently explained by medical causes.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
3. DEFINITION
asareor@gmail.com 20183
Postpartum psychosis (also sometimes referred to as
puerperal psychosis or postnatal psychosis) is an
acute mental disorder or a psychotic reaction
occurring in a woman following childbirth, or
abortion. The episode of psychosis usually begins 1
to 3 months of delivery.
5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
asareor@gmail.com 20185
INCIDENCE
More common in primiparous than multiparous women.
Occurs in less than 1 or 2 per 1000 deliveries.
ONSET/PROGNOSIS
Abrupt, especially within about 3–10 days after delivery
or 3 to several weeks after delivery.
With proper care, most women are able to recover from
their disorder.
6. AETIOLOGY
asareor@gmail.com 20186
The precise cause is unknown. However, the
following serve as risk factors to the development of
postnatal psychosis:
Genetic/Hereditary, e.g., chromosome 16
Hormonal changes, e.g., oestrogen, progesterone,
etc.
Family/Personal history of depressive episodes
13. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Cont’d
asareor@gmail.com 201813
Feeling of Resentment, e.g., where the mothering role
turns into a resentment of the infant, questioning her
decision to have had the child.
Feeling of inadequacy, e.g., the feeling of being unable
to cope with the baby and the daily requirements, also
carrying out other activities, such as self-care and
managing the household.
14. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Cont’d
asareor@gmail.com 201814
Misrecognition – can be common and may take the form
of not recognising her partner or the father of the child, or
mistaking others (such as male staff) for her partner or
the father of the child.
Mood disturbances – can be both manic and depressive
in nature. Often mothers may present as having difficulty
in sleeping, which can be the first sign of a euphoric or
manic state.
15. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Cont’d
asareor@gmail.com 201815
Depersonalisation – during the depersonalisation
phase the mother may find it difficult to relate to the
environment around her and may feel detached
from reality. There is a loss of contact with her own
personal reality, and this may result in her having
difficulty in relating emotionally to her child. This, of
course, has repercussions in terms of the mother’s
ability to bond with her baby.
17. MANAGEMENT
asareor@gmail.com 201817
Rapid/Immediate hospitalization – if she is thought to
pose a threat to baby, herself or others
Medication/Pharmacotherapy – a. Antipsychotic drugs
b. Antidepressants
c. Antianxiety drugs
Psychological counselling, i.e., psychotherapy
Education for mother and family
18. MANAGEMENT – Cont’d
asareor@gmail.com 201818
Family, Husband and/or Social support
Support group therapy, e.g., Establishing contact with other
mothers
ECT
Rest
Adequate nutrition
Child protection services may need to be alerted
Discharge should only occur with close follow-up in place
19. MANAGEMENT – Cont’d
asareor@gmail.com 201819
NB:
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in the case of puerperal
psychosis. Mothers requiring lithium treatment should be
encouraged not to breast-feed, due to potential toxicity in the
infant. Most antipsychotics are excreted in the breast milk,
although there is little evidence of it causing problems. Where
they are prescribed to breast-feeding women, the baby should
be monitored for side-effects. Clozapine is associated with
agranulocytosis and should not be given to breast-feeding
women (Harding, 2015).