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toxic shock syndrome.pptx
- 1.
- 2. DEFINITION: Toxic shocksyndrome is a toxin mediated acute life threatening illness, usually precipitated by the infection either by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogens. It is a disease caused by toxin produced by common strain of bacteria that spreads to the bloodstream.
- 3. INCIDENCE: Most casesreported in western countries still involve mensurating women under the age 30. TSS still occurs in about 17 out of 1,00,000 mensurating girls and women each year. Between 5% and 10% of patients with TSS die. In developing countries TSS often affects children. It can affect Children, postmenopausal women and also men.
- 4. CAUSES: In mostcommon form of toxic shock syndrome, the bacteria live in the vagina of women who are infected and the bacterial growth is encouraged by the presence of a tampon. However, these toxins can be produced from bacteria in other locations in the body as well.
- 5. Most casesof TSS are caused by a bacterium called staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with mensurating women using tampons Some cases of TSS are caused by staphococcus pyogens, the same bacterium that causes strep throat s.pyogens. This often comes from a skin infection and causes more serious form of TSS than s.aureus.
- 6. POSSIBLE ROUTES OFINFECTION: Vagina Nose( nasal packing) Surgical wound Childbirth Any skin wound
- 8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: Patients mayexperience a fewdays of mild flu like symptoms before the TSS develops, but TSS itself is characterized by rapid onset of specific symptoms including, High fever greater than 102 degree F( 38.9 degree C) Abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Sore throat cough
- 9. Low bloodpressure Myalgia Chills and malaise Widespread of skin rashes This will usually progress to,, Worsening of low blood pressure Dizziness Confusion or disorientation Desquamation especially of palms and soles after 1-2 weeks of acute illness Diffuse macular erythroderma
- 11. Toxic shock syndromecan affect most organ in the body and cause Hepatic damage Respiratory distress syndrome Thromocytopenia Coagulopathy Renal impairment Ultimately multiorgan failure may develop and this leads to death un approximately 5% of all those affected.
- 12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION : No specific test exists to diagnose toxic shock syndrome History -Difficult to diagnose until the characteristics symptoms evolves and source of infection is identified. Physical examination ( which includes a pelvic examination in women) Blood test usually ordered and might include white blood cell count ( to look for signs of infection)
- 13. Blood cultures( evaluating for possible bacteria in the blood stream) Evaluation of kidney and liver function Specimens for culture should be taken from any lesions, the nose, throat, vagina and blood. An ECG,chest X-ray and or CT sacns of the abdomen or pelvis can be ordered to evaluate the internal organs, depending on the results of initial evaluation
- 14. MANAGEMENT : Peoplewith TSS are admitted to the hospital’s intensive care unit for treatment. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT : -Administer intravenous fluid (IV) fluids to stabilize blood pressure . -IV Medications to increase blood pressure may include dopamine or epinephrine. -IV Antibiotics to fight the source of infection are prescribed. Antibiotics effective against s. Aureus and s. Pyogens are given.
- 15. Initial antibioticsmay include cephalosporins, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin or vancomycin.The addition of clindamycin or gentamycin reduces toxin production and reduces mortality. Antipyretics to normalize body temperature Oxygen administration and mechanical ventilation to assist breathing Dialysis if kidney failure develops.
- 16. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT: - a surgical intervention is required to drain the source of the infection in cases of an abscess. - If infection is found to be in deeper tissues,extensive surgery is often necessary to remove the infected and dead tissue called debridement.
- 17. NURSING MANAGEMENT: Historycollection -Use of tampons -Recent surgery -Past history of toxic shock syndrome - childbirth Physical examination Head to foot examination Monitoring vital signs
- 18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Altered body temperature related to infection Impaired skin intergrity related to peeling of skin Risk for septic shock related to presence of infection Risk for fluid volume deficit related to vomiting and diarrhea Anxiety realted to change in health status Knowledge deficit related to disease condition