It is related to Analysis and Design Of Algorithms Subject.Basically it describe basic of topological sorting, it's algorithm and step by step process to solve the example of topological sort.
Breadth First Search & Depth First SearchKevin Jadiya
The slides attached here describes how Breadth first search and Depth First Search technique is used in Traversing a graph/tree with Algorithm and simple code snippet.
Breadth First Search & Depth First SearchKevin Jadiya
The slides attached here describes how Breadth first search and Depth First Search technique is used in Traversing a graph/tree with Algorithm and simple code snippet.
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking
We will discuss the following: Graph, Directed vs Undirected Graph, Acyclic vs Cyclic Graph, Backedge, Search vs Traversal, Breadth First Traversal, Depth First Traversal, Detect Cycle in a Directed Graph.
In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks.
breadth-first search (BFS) is a strategy for searching in a graph when search is limited to essentially two operations
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures.
The solution to the single-source shortest-path tree problem in graph theory. This slide was prepared for Design and Analysis of Algorithm Lab for B.Tech CSE 2nd Year 4th Semester.
EdSketch: Execution-Driven Sketching for JavaLisa Hua
Sketching is a relatively recent approach to program synthesis, which has shown much promise. The key idea in sketching is to allow users to write partial programs that have “holes” and provide test harnesses or reference implementations, and let synthesis tools create program fragments that the holes such that the resulting complete program has the desired functionality. Traditional solutions to the sketching problem perform a translation to SAT and employ CEGIS. While e ective for a range of programs, when applied to real applications, such translation-based approaches have a key limitation: they require either translating all relevant libraries that are invoked directly or indirectly by the given sketch – which can lead to impractical SAT problems – or creating models of those libraries – which can require much manual effort.
is paper introduces execution-driven sketching, a novel approach for synthesis of Java programs using a backtracking search that is commonly employed in so ware model checkers. e key novelty of our work is to introduce effective pruning strategies to effciently explore the actual program behaviors in presence of libraries and to provide a practical solution to sketching small parts of real-world applications, which may use complex constructs of modern languages, such as reflection or native calls. Our tool EdSketch embodies our approach in two forms: a stateful search based on the Java PathFinder model checker; and a stateless search based on re-execution inspired by the VeriSoft model checker. Experimental results show that EdSketch’s performance compares well with the well-known SAT-based Sketch system for a range of small but complex programs, and moreover, that EdSketch can complete some sketches that require handling complex constructs.
Efficient SIMD Vectorization for Hashing in OpenCLJonas Traub
This poster was presented at the 21st International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT), March 26-29, 2018.
Paper: Efficient SIMD Vectorization for Hashing in OpenCL
Abstract: Hashing is at the core of many efficient database operators such as hash-based joins and aggregations. Vectorization is a technique that uses Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions to process multiple data elements at once. Applying vectorization to hash tables results in promising speedups for build and probe operations. However, vectorization typically requires intrinsics – low-level APIs in which functions map to processorspecific SIMD instructions. Intrinsics are specific to a processor architecture and result in complex and difficult to maintain code. OpenCL is a parallel programming framework which provides a higher abstraction level than intrinsics and is portable to different processors. Thus, OpenCL avoids processor dependencies, which results in improved code maintainability. In this paper, we add efficient, vectorized hashing primitives to OpenCL. Our results show that OpenCL-based vectorization is competitive to intrinsics on CPUs but not on Xeon Phi coprocessors.
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking
We will discuss the following: Graph, Directed vs Undirected Graph, Acyclic vs Cyclic Graph, Backedge, Search vs Traversal, Breadth First Traversal, Depth First Traversal, Detect Cycle in a Directed Graph.
In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks.
breadth-first search (BFS) is a strategy for searching in a graph when search is limited to essentially two operations
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures.
The solution to the single-source shortest-path tree problem in graph theory. This slide was prepared for Design and Analysis of Algorithm Lab for B.Tech CSE 2nd Year 4th Semester.
EdSketch: Execution-Driven Sketching for JavaLisa Hua
Sketching is a relatively recent approach to program synthesis, which has shown much promise. The key idea in sketching is to allow users to write partial programs that have “holes” and provide test harnesses or reference implementations, and let synthesis tools create program fragments that the holes such that the resulting complete program has the desired functionality. Traditional solutions to the sketching problem perform a translation to SAT and employ CEGIS. While e ective for a range of programs, when applied to real applications, such translation-based approaches have a key limitation: they require either translating all relevant libraries that are invoked directly or indirectly by the given sketch – which can lead to impractical SAT problems – or creating models of those libraries – which can require much manual effort.
is paper introduces execution-driven sketching, a novel approach for synthesis of Java programs using a backtracking search that is commonly employed in so ware model checkers. e key novelty of our work is to introduce effective pruning strategies to effciently explore the actual program behaviors in presence of libraries and to provide a practical solution to sketching small parts of real-world applications, which may use complex constructs of modern languages, such as reflection or native calls. Our tool EdSketch embodies our approach in two forms: a stateful search based on the Java PathFinder model checker; and a stateless search based on re-execution inspired by the VeriSoft model checker. Experimental results show that EdSketch’s performance compares well with the well-known SAT-based Sketch system for a range of small but complex programs, and moreover, that EdSketch can complete some sketches that require handling complex constructs.
Efficient SIMD Vectorization for Hashing in OpenCLJonas Traub
This poster was presented at the 21st International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT), March 26-29, 2018.
Paper: Efficient SIMD Vectorization for Hashing in OpenCL
Abstract: Hashing is at the core of many efficient database operators such as hash-based joins and aggregations. Vectorization is a technique that uses Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions to process multiple data elements at once. Applying vectorization to hash tables results in promising speedups for build and probe operations. However, vectorization typically requires intrinsics – low-level APIs in which functions map to processorspecific SIMD instructions. Intrinsics are specific to a processor architecture and result in complex and difficult to maintain code. OpenCL is a parallel programming framework which provides a higher abstraction level than intrinsics and is portable to different processors. Thus, OpenCL avoids processor dependencies, which results in improved code maintainability. In this paper, we add efficient, vectorized hashing primitives to OpenCL. Our results show that OpenCL-based vectorization is competitive to intrinsics on CPUs but not on Xeon Phi coprocessors.
Vhdl code and project report of arithmetic and logic unitNikhil Sahu
The main objective of project is to design and verify different operations of Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU). We have designed an 8 bit ALU which accepts two 8 bits numbers and the code corresponding to the operation which it has to perform from the user. The ALU performs the desired operation and generates the result accordingly. The different operations that we dealt with, are arithmetical, logical and relational. Arithmetic operations include arithmetic addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operations include AND, OR, NAND, XOR, NOT and NOR. These take two binary inputs and result in output logically operated. The operations like the greater than, less than, equal to, exponential etc are also included. To implement ALU, the coding was written in VHDL . The waveforms were obtained successfully. After the coding was done, the synthesis of the code was performed using Xilinx-ISE. Synthesis translates VHDL code into netlist (a textual description). Thereafter, the simulation was done to verify the synthesized code.
JAVA BASED VISUALIZATION AND ANIMATION FOR TEACHING THE DIJKSTRA SHORTEST PAT...ijseajournal
Shortest path (SP) algorithms, such as the popular Dijkstra algorithm has been considered as the “basic
building blocks” for many advanced transportation network models. Dijkstra algorithm will find the
shortest time (ST) and the corresponding SP to travel from a source node to a destination node.
Applications of SP algorithms include real-time GPS and the Frank-Wolfe network equilibrium.
For transportation engineering students, the Dijkstra algorithm is not easily understood. This paper
discusses the design and development of a software that will help the students to fully understand the key
components involved in the Dijkstra SP algorithm. The software presents an intuitive interface for
generating transportation network nodes/links, and how the SP can be updated in each iteration. The
software provides multiple visual representations of colour mapping and tabular display. The software can
be executed in each single step or in continuous run, making it easy for students to understand the Dijkstra
algorithm. Voice narratives in different languages (English, Chinese and Spanish) are available.A demo
video of the Dijkstra Algorithm’s animation and result can be viewed online from any web browser using
the website: http://www.lions.odu.edu/~imako001/dijkstra/demo/index.html.
Graphs: representations and visits
Topics:
Graph representation
The JGraphT library
Graph visits
Visits in JGraphT
Teaching material for the course of "Tecniche di Programmazione" at Politecnico di Torino in year 2012/2013. More information: http://bit.ly/tecn-progr
With Ateji PX, no need to be specialized in Java threads, parallel programming on multicore, GPU, cloud and grid can be as simple as inserting a || operator in the source code.
Lab Practices and Works Documentation / Report on Computer GraphicsRup Chowdhury
This is a report that I have prepared during my Computer Graphics Lab course. This contains the theoretical information that we learned in our introduction class. It also contains information on different computer graphics tools and software. It contains codes to create different and also the procedure.
1. Information on GLUT
2. Flag drawing with GLUT
3. DDA Algorithm
4. Midpoint Line Drawing Algorithm
5. Tansformation
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2021/02/new-methods-for-implementation-of-2-d-convolution-for-convolutional-neural-networks-a-presentation-from-santa-clara-university/
Tokunbo Ogunfunmi, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the Signal Processing Research Laboratory at Santa Clara University, presents the “New Methods for Implementation of 2-D Convolution for Convolutional Neural Networks” tutorial at the September 2020 Embedded Vision Summit.
The increasing usage of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in various applications on mobile and embedded devices and in data centers has led researchers to explore application specific hardware accelerators for CNNs. CNNs typically consist of a number of convolution, activation and pooling layers, with convolution layers being the most computationally demanding. Though popular for accelerating CNN training and inference, GPUs are not ideal for embedded applications because they are not energy efficient.
ASIC and FPGA accelerators have the potential to run CNNs in a highly efficient manner. Ogunfunmi presents two new methods for 2-D convolution that offer significant reduction in power consumption and computational complexity. The first method computes convolution results using row-wise inputs, as opposed to traditional tile-based processing, yielding considerably reduced latency. The second method, single partial product 2-D (SPP2D) convolution, avoids recalculation of partial weights and reduces input reuse. Hardware implementation results are presented.
Uniformity in mechanical properties of the slab affects quality of subsequent rolling process. One of the most important factors deciding quality of the slab is fluctuation of the molten steel level in the mould. That is, smoothing pouring without fluctuating in the mould level means improvement in quality of the slab and protects break-out problem and allows high speed casting process. If molten steel surface fluctuates severely, the forming oscillation marks on the slab is unstable, solidification of molten steel is not uniform and there will be entrapment of mould powder in the solidified cast strand. It makes quality of the slab inferior and generates defects on the slab.
it is related to Computer Graphics Subject.in this ppt we describe what is 2D Transformation, Translation, Rotation, Scaling : Uniform Scaling,Non-uniform Scaling ;Reflection,Shear,Composite Transformations
it related to System Programming Subject.it describe the what is Interpreter?,Comparison between Interpreters and Compilers,Benefits Of Interpreter and Basic of JVM.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
1. TOPOLOGICAL SORT
A. D. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ALGORITHMS(2150703) : A.Y. 2018-19
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
A D PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ADIT)
NEW VALLABH VIDYANAGAR, ANAND, GUJARAT
GUIDED BY:
PROF. DINESH J. PRAJAPATI
(DEPT OF IT, ADIT)
PREPARED BY:
KUNAL R. KATHE(160010116021)
DHRUV V. SHAH (160010116053)
RUSHIL V. PATEL (160014116001)
B.E. (IT) SEM - V
8TH OCTOBER, 2018
3. 3
Introduction
WHAT IS TOPOLOGICAL SORT ?
For a directed acyclic graph G=(V,E)
A topological sort is an ordering of all of G’s vertices
v1, v2, v3,….,vn such that …
Vertex u comes before vertex v if edge (u,v) belongs to G
So,formally for every egde (vi,vk) in E ,i<k
4. 4
Contd...
Definition:
A topological sort or topological ordering of a directed
ayclic graph is a linear ordering of its vertices such that
for every directed edge (u,v) from vertex u to v, u
comes before v in the ordering.
5. 5
Contd...
0 1
5
2
4
3
For example, a topological sorting
of the given graph is “5 4 2 3 1 0”.
There can be more then one
topological sorting for a graph.
For example , another
topological sorting for the graph
is “4 5 2 3 1 0”.The first vertex
in topological sorting is always
a vertex with in-degree as “0”
( a vertex with no incoming edges).
So, the Topological Sorting is NOT UNIQUE.
Also it can only be applied to Directed Acyclic Graphs(DAG).
6. 6
Directed Acyclic Graph
A directed acyclic graph is an acyclic graph that has a direction as well
as a lack of cycles.
1 2
4
3
5 7
6
Vertices Set:
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
Edge Set: {(1,2),(1,3),(2,4),
(2,5),(3,6),(4,7),
(5,7),(6,7)}
A directed acyclic graph has a topological ordering. This means that the
nodes are ordered so that the starting node has a lower value than the
ending node.
9. 9
Example
1 2
43 5
6 7
Identify nodes having in degree ‘0’
Select a node and delete it with its
edges then add node to output
Select Node : 1
Output :
1
10. 10
Contd…
2
43 5
6 7
Identify nodes having in degree ‘0’
Select a node and delete it with its
edges then add node to output
Select Node : 2
Output :
1 2
11. 11
Contd…
43 5
6 7
Identify nodes having in degree ‘0’
Select a node and delete it with its
edges then add node to output
Select Node : 5
Output :
1 2 5
12. 12
Contd…
43
6 7
Identify nodes having in degree ‘0’
Select a node and delete it with its
edges then add node to output
Select Node : 4
Output :
1 2 5 4
13. 13
Contd…
3
6 7
Identify nodes having in degree ‘0’
Select a node and delete it with its
edges then add node to output
Select Node : 3
Output :
1 2 5 4 3
14. 14
Contd…
6 7
Identify nodes having in degree ‘0’
Select a node and delete it with its
edges then add node to output
Select Node : 6
Output :
1 2 5 4 3 6
Select Node : 7
7
15. 15
Applications
1] Build Systems :
We have various IDE’s like Ecllipse , Netbeans etc. We have to
build a project which has many libraries dependent on each
other then IDE uses Topological Sort to decide which library to
include or build first.
2] Advanced-Packaging Tool(apt-get) :
In Linux apt-get is used to install softwares in the system. The command
“apt-get install VLC” is used. It is the way in Linux to install and remove
softwares.
16. 16
Contd...
3] Task Scheduling :
Topological Sort is helpful in scheduling interdependent task to
know which rask should proceed which one.
4] Pre- Requisite Problems:
We often come across situations where we need to finish one job in order to
proceed the next one. For ex, In University structure, we need to complete
basic Algorithm course to study an Advance Algorithm course. So, there
exist a pre- requisite and we can know this by doing a topological sort on all.