Merge sort is a sorting technique based on divide and conquer technique. With worst-case time complexity being Ο(n log n), it is one of the most respected algorithms.
Merge sort first divides the array into equal halves and then combines them in a sorted manner.
Content of slide
Tree
Binary tree Implementation
Binary Search Tree
BST Operations
Traversal
Insertion
Deletion
Types of BST
Complexity in BST
Applications of BST
It is related to Analysis and Design Of Algorithms Subject.Basically it describe basic of topological sorting, it's algorithm and step by step process to solve the example of topological sort.
linear search and binary search, Class lecture of Data Structure and Algorithms and Python.
Stack, Queue, Tree, Python, Python Code, Computer Science, Data, Data Analysis, Machine Learning, Artificial Intellegence, Deep Learning, Programming, Information Technology, Psuedocide, Tree, pseudocode, Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, implementation, Binary search, linear search, Binary search operation, real-life example of binary search, linear search operation, real-life example of linear search, example bubble sort, sorting, insertion sort example, stack implementation, queue implementation, binary tree implementation, priority queue, binary heap, binary heap implementation, object-oriented programming, def, in BST, Binary search tree, Red-Black tree, Splay Tree, Problem-solving using Binary tree, problem-solving using BST, inorder, preorder, postorder
Merge sort is a sorting technique based on divide and conquer technique. With worst-case time complexity being Ο(n log n), it is one of the most respected algorithms.
Merge sort first divides the array into equal halves and then combines them in a sorted manner.
Content of slide
Tree
Binary tree Implementation
Binary Search Tree
BST Operations
Traversal
Insertion
Deletion
Types of BST
Complexity in BST
Applications of BST
It is related to Analysis and Design Of Algorithms Subject.Basically it describe basic of topological sorting, it's algorithm and step by step process to solve the example of topological sort.
linear search and binary search, Class lecture of Data Structure and Algorithms and Python.
Stack, Queue, Tree, Python, Python Code, Computer Science, Data, Data Analysis, Machine Learning, Artificial Intellegence, Deep Learning, Programming, Information Technology, Psuedocide, Tree, pseudocode, Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, implementation, Binary search, linear search, Binary search operation, real-life example of binary search, linear search operation, real-life example of linear search, example bubble sort, sorting, insertion sort example, stack implementation, queue implementation, binary tree implementation, priority queue, binary heap, binary heap implementation, object-oriented programming, def, in BST, Binary search tree, Red-Black tree, Splay Tree, Problem-solving using Binary tree, problem-solving using BST, inorder, preorder, postorder
Philip Crosby Principles
n 1979, Crosby started the management consulting company Philip Crosby Associates, Inc. This consulting group provided educational courses in quality management both at their headquarters in Winter Park, Florida, and at eight foreign locations. Also in 1979, Crosby published his first business book, Quality Is Free. This book would become popular at the time because of the crisis in North American quality. During the late 1970s and into the 1980s, North American manufacturers were losing market share to Japanese products largely due to the superior quality of the Japanese goods.
Crosby's response to the quality crisis was the principle of "doing it right the first time" (DIRFT). He also included four major principles.
The definition of quality is conformance to requirements (requirements meaning both the product and the customer's requirements)
The system of quality is prevention
The performance standard is zero defects (relative to requirements)
The measurement of quality is the price of nonconformance
His belief was that an organization that establishes good quality management principles will see savings returns that more than pay for the cost of the quality system: "quality is free". It is less expensive to do it right the first time than to pay for rework and repairs.
An Experiment to Determine and Compare Practical Efficiency of Insertion Sort...Tosin Amuda
Sorting is a fundamental operation in computer science (many programs use it as an intermediate step), and as a result a large number of good sorting algorithms have been developed. Which algorithm is best for a given application depends on—among other factors—the number of items to be sorted, the extent to which the items are already somewhat sorted, possible restrictions on the item values, and the kind of storage device to be used: main memory, disks, or tapes.
There are three reasons to study sorting algorithms. First, sorting algorithms illustrate many creative approaches to problem solving, and these approaches can be applied to solve other problems. Second, sorting algorithms are good for practicing fundamental programming techniques using selection statements, loops, methods, and arrays. Third, sorting algorithms are excellent examples to demonstrate algorithm performance.
However, this paper attempt to compare the practical efficiency of three sorting algorithms – Insertion, Quick and mere Sort using empirical analysis. The result of the experiment shows that insertion sort is a quadratic time sorting algorithm and that it’s more applicable to subarray that is sufficiently small. The merge sort performs better with larger size of input as compared to insertion sort. Quicksort runs the most efficiently.
Learn why you should explore sorting algorithms in Java, especially merge sort, bubble sort, and insertion sort. Buy the full course for $10 at https://www.udemy.com/java-sorting-algorithms-for-newbs/?couponCode=Modern16
Wie zit er écht achter de site mvslim.com?Thierry Debels
Het magazine van de Universiteit Antwerpen bracht onlangs een groot coververhaal over Hanan Challouki en haar website mvslim.com.
Challouki heeft vervolgens ook ‘communicatiebureau’ Allyens opgericht.
Volgens het magazine is de site mvslim.com ‘anderhalf miljoen dollar’ waard en hebben er al Amerikaanse investeerders aangeklopt.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. This sorting algorithm uses the idea of divide and
conquer.
It finds the element called pivot which divides
the array into two halves in such a way that
elements in the left half are smaller than pivot
and elements in the right half are greater than
pivot.
QUICK SORT
3. Three steps
Find pivot that divides the array into two halves.
Quick sort the left half.
Quick sort the right half.
QUICK SORT
4. Example
Consider an array having 6 elements
5 2 6 1 3 4
Arrange the elements in ascending order using
quick sort algorithm
5. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
6. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
7. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
Initially pointing to the
First element of the array
8. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
Initially pointing to the
First element of the array
Right
9. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
Initially pointing to the
First element of the array
Right
Initially pointing to the
Last element of the array
10. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
Initially pointing to the
First element of the array
Right
Initially pointing to the
Last element of the array
Pivot
11. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
Initially pointing to the
First element of the array
Right
Initially pointing to the
Last element of the array
Pivot
Initially pointing to the
First element
12. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Array index
Array element
This is our unsorted array
Left
Initially pointing to the
First element of the array
Right
Initially pointing to the
Last element of the array
Pivot
Initially pointing to the
First element
We will quick sort this array
14. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Remember this rule:
15. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Remember this rule:
All element to the RIGHT of pivot be GREATER than pivot.
16. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Remember this rule:
All element to the RIGHT of pivot be GREATER than pivot.
All element to the LEFT of pivot be SMALLER than pivot.
17. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
As the pivot
is pointing at
left
18. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
As the pivot
is pointing at
left
So we will start
from right
19. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
As the pivot
is pointing at
left
So we will start
from rightAnd move towards left
20. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Right =4
21. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Right =4
Is Pivot < Right
( 5 < 4)
22. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Right =4
NO
Is Pivot < Right
( 5 < 4)
23. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Right =4
So we swap pivot and right
NO
Is Pivot < Right
( 5 < 4)
24. 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 2 6 1 3 4
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Right =4
So we swap pivot and right
NO
Is Pivot < Right
( 5 < 4)
25. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Right =4
So we swap pivot and right
NO
Is Pivot < Right
( 5 < 4)
26. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =4
Is Pivot < Left
Now move pivot to right
27. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =4
Is Pivot < Left
NO
So we swap pivot to the right
28. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Now the pivot
is pointing at
right
29. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Now the pivot
is pointing at
right
So we will start
from left
30. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Now the pivot
is pointing at
right
So we will start
from left
And move towards right
31. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =4
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 4)
32. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =4
Is Pivot > Left
YES
( 5 > 4)
33. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =4
Is Pivot > Left
YES
( 5 > 4)
So we move left one position
towards right
34. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =2
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 2)
35. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =2
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 2)
YES
36. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =2
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 2)
YES
So we move left one position
towards right
37. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =6
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 6)
38. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =6
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 6)
NO
39. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =6
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 6)
NO
So we swap pivot and left
40. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 6 1 3 5
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =6
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 6)
NO
So we swap pivot and left
41. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 5 1 3 6
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =6
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 6)
NO
So we swap pivot and left
42. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 5 1 3 6
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 5
Left =6
Is Pivot > Left
( 5 > 6)
NO
So we swap pivot and left
And move the pivot to left
60. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
61. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
This time 5 is the pivot and it is at the
sorted position
4
5
62. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
This time 5 is the pivot and it is at the
sorted position
4
5
Elements left of pivot are smaller
63. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
This time 5 is the pivot and it is at the
sorted position
4
5
Elements left of pivot are smaller
Elements right of
pivot are greater
64. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
This time 5 is the pivot and it is at the
sorted position
4
5
Elements left of pivot are smaller
Elements right of
pivot are greater
So pivot has divided the array into
two sub array
65. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
This time 5 is the pivot and it is at the
sorted position
4
5
Elements left of pivot are smaller
Elements right of
pivot are greater
Left sub array Right sub array
So pivot has divided the array into
two sub array
66. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Now both left and right are pointing at the same element of the array
This time 5 is the pivot and it is at the
sorted position
4
5
Elements left of pivot are smaller
Elements right of
pivot are greater
Left sub array Right sub array
So pivot has divided the array into
two sub array We will now quick sort
the left sub array
67. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 4
Left =1
Is Pivot < Left
( 4 < 1)
68. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Pivot
Pivot = 4
Left =1
Is Pivot < Left
( 4 < 1)
NO
Left Right
69. 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 3 1 5 6
Pivot
Pivot = 4
Left =1
Is Pivot < Left
( 4 < 1)
NO
So we swap pivot and right
Left Right
70. 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Pivot
Pivot = 4
Left =1
Is Pivot < Left
( 4 < 1)
NO
So we swap pivot and right
Left Right
71. 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Left Right
Pivot
Pivot = 4
Left =1
Is Pivot < Left
( 4 < 1)
NO
So we swap pivot and right
Now move the pivot to right
72. 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Pivot
Pivot = 4
Left =1
Is Pivot < Left
( 4 < 1)
NO
So we swap pivot and right
Left Right
