The document discusses the endocrine system, focusing on the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It describes the thyroid gland's location in the neck, its butterfly shape weighing 25g, and its internal structure containing follicular and parafollicular cells. Follicular cells secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), while parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin. T4 and T3 regulate metabolism, growth, development, sleep cycles, and cardiovascular function. Calcitonin regulates calcium levels in the blood. The document also discusses hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, the parathyroid glands' location and secretion

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
(Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland)
Mr N.JEGAN
Associate Professor
K.M.COLLEGE OF PHARMACY.
MADURAI.

2. Thyroid Gland- Location
 Location-
In the neck
in front of the
larynx and
trachea.
 Weighs - 25 g
 Shape-Butterfly

3. Thyroid Gland- Structure
 It consist of two
lobes, one on
either side of the
thyroid gland.
 The lobes are
joined by a
structure called
isthmus.

4. Thyroid Gland- Internal Structure
• It contain two
types of cells:
1.Follicular cell-
It secrete and
store colloids.
2.Parafollicular
cell-found in
single or Group

5. Thyroid Gland- Hormones
Follicular cells Hormones:
1. Thyroxin (T4)
2. Triiodothyronine (T3).
Para follicular cells Hormones:
3. Calcitonin

6. Thyroid Hormones-Functions of
[Thyroxine(T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3)]
a. Metabolism
1. Carbohydrate metabolism-
It increase Glucose metabolism to
Produce energy.
2. proteins metabolism-
It increase the Protein synthesis from
Amino acids.
3.Lipid metabolism
It decrease the fat storage in our body.

7. Continue….
b. Growth and development of the
skeleton and nervous system.
c. It maintain the sleep cycle.
d. Cardiovascular stimulation.
e. Gastrointestinal Regulation.

8. Thyroid Hormones-Functions
Calcitonin
 It Regulate the calcium level in Blood.
It lower the concentration of
calcium in the blood when it rises
above the normal value.
• It also lowers the concentration
of phosphorus in the blood when
levels exceed normal

10. Thyroid Hormones-Deficiency
Abnormal secretion of thyroid
Hormones
Hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease:
Excessive levels
of T3 and T4.
Symptoms:
Excess sweating,
fatigue.
Abnormal protrusion of
eyes or puffy eyes

11. Hypothyroidism
Goitre
Enlargement of the
thyroid gland.
Secretion of T3 and
T4 is reduced.
Lack of iodine in the
diet.

12. Parathyroid Gland
 Location-
Four small parathyroid glands,
embedded posterior surface of each
lobe of the thyroid gland.

13. Parathyroid Gland- Hormone
The parathyroid glands
secrete
Parathyroid hormone
(PTH or parathormone)

14. Parathyroid Hormone-
Functions
 The function
of PTH is to
increase the
blood calcium
level when it
is low.

15. Parathyroid Hormone-
Deficiency
Tetany
 Parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
deficiency.
 Abnormally low
level of calcium in
the blood.
Symptoms:
 painful spasms of
skeletal muscles,
cause bending
inwards of the

16. University model
questions
1. Explain in details about Structure
and functions of Thyroid gland(10)***
2. Functions of Thyroid Hormones(5)
3. Goitre (2)*
4. Structure and function of Parathyroid
Gland.(5)
5. Functions of PTH(2)**
6. Disorders of parathyroid gland. (2)
* Repeated questions

17. THANKING YOU