This document summarizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate. It discusses that ATP is an organic compound that provides energy for many cellular processes through substrate-level phosphorylation, which forms 10% of ATP, and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, which forms 90% of ATP. Creatine phosphate acts as a storage form of energy in muscles, providing a ready source of energy for intense muscle contraction in the first few seconds before oxidative phosphorylation can produce more ATP. The document also notes that creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate and creatine in muscles that is excreted in the urine, with serum creatinine levels indicating kidney function.

1. HAP-II
ENERGETICS
(Adenosine Triphosphate and
Cratinine Phosphate )
Mr N.JEGAN
Associate Professor
K.M.COLLEGE OF PHARMACY.
MADURAI.

2. Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate is an organic compound
and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes
in living cells
e.g. Muscle contraction
Nerve impulse propagation
Chemical synthesis

3. ATP
ATP is a nucleotide which contains ribose
(the sugar unit), adenine (the base) and three
phosphate groups attached to the ribose.

4. Site of ATP formation
The process takes place in the mitochondria,
where ATP synthase is located in the inner
mitochondrial membrane.

5. Mechanisms of ATP formation
There are two basic mechanism involved for ATP
formation
1.Substrate level phosphorylation
2.Oxidative phosphorylation

6. Substrate level phosphorylation
ATP is formed when transfer a phosphate group from
substrate to ADP by enzyme.
It form the 10% of ATP
Eg. It is occur in Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

7. Oxidative phosphorylation
This process takes place in mitochondria and is energetically coupled to
a proton gradient over a membrane.
The H+ gradients established by electron transport chain are used by
the enzyme ATP synthase as a source of energy for direct linking of an
inorganic phosphate to ADP.
It form the 90% of ATP
Eg Cellular respiration

8. Differnece between substrate level and Oxidative
phosphorylation

9. Functions of ATP

10. Functions of ATP
1. Intracellular signaling
ATP is involved in signal transduction by serving as substrate for kinases,
enzymes that transfer phosphate groups.
2. DNA and RNA synthesis
ATP is one of four "monomers" required in the synthesis of RNA and DNA
3. Amino acid activation in protein synthesis
The coupling reaction proceeds in two steps:
aa + ATP ⟶ aa-AMP + PPi
aa-AMP + tRNA ⟶ aa-tRNA + AMP
4. ATP binding cassette transporter
Transporting chemicals out of a cell against a gradient is often associated with ATP
hydrolysis.

11. 5. Extracellular signalling and neurotransmision
Cells secrete ATP to communicate with other cells in a process called purinergic signalling
ATP serves as a neurotransmitter in many parts of the nervous system
6. Protein solubility
ATP has recently been proposed to act as a biological hydrotrope and has been shown to
affect proteome-wide solubility.
7.Muscle contraction
ATP is essential for skeletal Muscle
8. Allosteric modulator
It is bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimulus
9.Precursor of cAMP

12. Creatinine Phosphate

13. Creatine and Creatinine
◦ Creatine and creatinine are not the same substance
◦ Creatine is found in the muscles.
◦ Creatinine is a break-down product (a waste product) of creatine
phosphate and creatine in muscles, and is usually produced at a fairly
constant rate by the body depending on muscle mass
◦ Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr)

14. Creatinine Phosphate
◦ Creatine phosphate is the high energy Phosphate compound
◦ Act as storage form of energy in muscle
◦ It provides small but ready source of energy for the first few
seconds of intense muscle contraction.
◦ The amount of creatinine phosphate in the body is depends on
muscle mass

15. ◦Creatine and Creatinine phosphate
spontaneously form creatinine as an
end product.
◦Creatinine is excreted in urine
◦Serum creatinine is a sensitive
indicator of kidney disease(Kidney
function test)
◦Serum creatinine incerase with the
impairement of kidney function.

17. Function of Phosphocreatine
1) Act as a Storage form of energy in muscles.
2) Creatinine has the power of slowing down certain diseases
e.g. Parkinson's disease.

18. THANK YOU…!