This document provides information on various research methods and terminology used in research. It defines different types of research such as primary research, secondary research, quantitative research, qualitative research, audience research, market research, and production research. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of each method. Additionally, it covers terminology related to research topics like circulation, hits, box office figures, ratings, and sales. Finally, it provides an example of how to reference sources using the Harvard referencing style.

1. Research
Christopher Law

2. Terminology
• Circulation – The publics knowledge of something.
• Hits – The amount of views or downloads a video or a piece
of music.
• Box Office Figures – the display of sales of movie tickets
in cinema.
• Ratings – peoples opinions on a product or video with a
standard rating system of 5 stars and out of five is the quality
of the thing.
• Sales – The amount of the products that where sold by the
general public.

3. Primary Research
• Definition – gathering new data that hasn’t been collected before
from people on the street. Using questionnaires, interviews and surveys.
• Advantages – using data from people and yourself and not relying on
websites that could have false information. Or lies on the subject your
researching.
• Disadvantages – some people don’t want to be interviewed and a
lot are busy so wont even respond to your question.
• Example – Asking people on the streets just walking
along. And ask them a series of questions that will
lead up to an overall result.

4. Secondary Research
• Definition – Using sources like the internet or libraries and
old news articles.
• Advantages – You can have access to years of useful
research. And previous interviews who have written about a
similar project.
• Disadvantages – Its not recent or updated so peoples
opinions will have changed throughout the years. And also
some news articles may have the wrong information or the
wrong type of research that you require.
• Example – Going to a local library and using the books and
social documents of old newspapers.

5. Quantitative Research
• Definition – Like you can ask 100 people if blue or red
better? And the majority of people say red or blue then using
a pie chart would be the most appropriate thing to use.
• Advantages – you can define hundreds of peoples opinions
into a few lines and pizza size on a pie chart.
• Disadvantages – lack of validity and authenticity, it can be
generalised to a small sum of figures.
• Example – The number of pennies in your pocket.

6. Qualitative Research
• Definition – A reference to a product or something in depth and
detail. Thing like beliefs and reasoning to why they say what they
said.
• Advantages – You get in depth reasons to the question you ask,
not only that but you get a better in sight to people opinions and
beliefs
• Disadvantages – If you have a lot of data and a lot of people
answering the same question your going to have a lot of work
to do sorting it into individual files, and people with the same
opinions.
• Example – how fluphy is your cat and why is he fluphy?/
how often do you wash your cat?/ how do you dry your
cat after wash?

7. Audience Research
• Definition – Researching your target audience, like men between
the age of 20-30 and what there school life was like in the 80s and
90s
• Advantages – You can divert the audience that you want to your
product and dissuade people from choosing another brand, like for
men a shaver is needed and people always want the best.
• Disadvantages – categorising people in certain images can be
seen as discrimination in certain scenarios. Such as discriminating
by race or gender.
• Example – targeting toys at a younger audience and
defying it by gender pink for girl blue for boy. This was
huge when some of the first gaming consoles came out.
The marketers decided with targeting young boys instead
of girls.

8. Market Research
• Definition – Market research is when a investor, company owner or inventor. Researches a
particular product such as toys around Christmas time and thinks that this time is the best to
invest or start production of a popular toy. As Christmas time is when parents spoil their
children with gifts and toys. By doing this research and finding out this information people
can make a fortune.
• Advantages – The advantages of using market research why you should is so you know what
your doing. And what to do when the market does’t like your product in case of it being
offensive and unreasonable. Just a general knowledge of who you are targeting and what the
audience likes.
• Disadvantages – The only disadvantage is that its a lot of work to do and a lot of research
to find out on your own. And the number of the audience categories is so vast and large that
its hard to go in full detail on each one.
• Example – An investor would research a part of the market where there is a gap and no
challenge to effect his investment. And research if the product is valid and reliable for the
targeted market. If he targets a product at the wrong audience then the product and investor
fails to get his audiences attention and most likely loses money.

9. Production Research
• Definition – Researching the product and how it is produced, like eco friendly or in a
massive factory with hard labouring people who don’t earn enough money to purchase a car.
• Advantages – having a company that has fair trade and eco friendly trading is better for
publicity in the press and new outlets. But having a bad reputation for eco friendly
environments and fair trade proves a problem for people as it is most likely cheaper and
easier to dump waste in a river than getting rid of it properly. As it would cost thousands just
to get rid of some waste but its free to dump.
• Disadvantages – The worst thing is that big international companies have a lot of money
so they can practically do whatever they want. Without as many consequences, some
companies wont release the full details of their waste production to avoid public opinions
from dissing the companies production procedure.
• Example – companies like Primark is known for using poor 3rd class people in countries like
the Philopeines, and southern Asia to produce their products cheaply instead of making a
company in the U.K or U.S as it costs a lot more for wages and insurance and health benefits.
Instead of hiring people with college experience and a better education system they exploit
poor people in sweat shops but its still one of the most popular U.K cloth shop, even with
proof of tis horrible exploitation in 3rd world countries.

10. Terminology
• Objective – To gain information and use that for future reference, For
future projects and work. Its always useful to collect media terminology.
• Subjective – Using the information for personal use or profesional. It can
help with just general knowledge.
• Valid – making sure that terminology is correct and no longer invalid is
always good to know so you are updated and understand what things
mean. Making sure its valid is so your not incorrect and your description of
something is officially valid.
• Reliable – when things are reliable people prefer to use that rather then
the unreliable source not only for information but products and other
things. But reliability is key when using terminology of products and other
things.

11. Harvard Referencing
Name of the film being researched; Guardians of the galaxy
Film - Gunn, J. (2014) Guardians of the galaxy Vol1
Book - Jones, nick. (30th march 2017) Marvel guardians of the galaxy: The Ultimate Guide to
the Cosmic outlaws.
Website – Marvel (2017) pages and links to other websites like Facebook, Instagram and
other social media websites that promote the books and movies. Ssocial events and meet
ups are also included.( https://marvel.com/ ) link to website.
Magazine – Jolin, D. (2015) empireonline.com.
https://www.empireonline.com/movies/guardians-galaxy/