The document provides definitions and examples of different types of research used in media production including primary research, secondary research, quantitative research, qualitative research, audience research, market research, and production research. It also defines key terminology like circulation, hits, box office figures, ratings, sales, objective and subjective research, valid and reliable research. Finally, it provides an example of Harvard referencing style for sources about the film "What's Eating Gilbert Grape".

1. Research
Louis Harman

2. Terminology
• Circulation- is how many copies of a printed product that have been
passed out.
• Hits- is the number of times a webpage or video has been viewed
by the public.
• Box Office Figures- is the amount of money that a film has made
during its time at the cinema.
• Ratings- how something has been rated at the end of it mainly
rated on a 5 star basis.
• Sales- is the amount a product has been sold and the money made.

3. Primary Research
• Definition- primary research is when you go out and gain the
information yourself having direct contact with the audience.
• Advantages-you can receive more specific information and ask
more direct questions, also it is easier to find exactly what the
audience want. Also the information you receive is always up to
date.
• Disadvantages-using primary research can sometimes tend to cost
more, be more time consuming and you may receive many different
answers for 1 question.
• Example- there are many different examples of primary research
including questionnaires, interviews or product analysis.

4. Secondary Research
• Definition- secondary research is finding information which
has already been previously collected in the past.
• Advantages- using this method is time saving, cheaper and
you can get hold of the information at anytime.
• Disadvantages- the information you collect may be out-dated
and not exactly what you are looking for also it will be less
specified to what you want.
• Example- there are many examples of secondary research but
the quickest and easiest source is through google because its
easy to use get too and has a vast amount of information.

5. Quantitative Research
• Definition-quantitative research is information received
in a quantity mainly seen in statistics and percentages.
• Advantages- it is a quick and easier way of collecting a
large amount of information in a large group of
individuals.
• Disadvantages-
• Example- a good example of this Is a survey or
questionnaires. Also sales, box office figures and tv
ratings.

6. Qualitative Research
• Definition- is research which goes deeper into finding out peoples
beliefs, opinions and reasoning. Also most of the time it is
presented in discussions this is so the person has to reflect and
expand on their answer.
• Advantages- using qualitative research allows you to go more in
depth on your research. Also if they use it in a job interview it
allows the interviewer to see that the person there hiring actually
knows what there talking about.
• Disadvantages- this method takes up more time and is harder to
use on large groups of people.
• Example- reviews, responses, discussions and forums.

7. Audience Research
• Definition- Audience research is defined as any communication
research that is conducted on specific audience segments to gather
information about their attitudes, knowledge, interests, preferences, or
behaviours with respect to prevention issues.
• Advantages- helps you gather more information that will
help your audience directly and keeps you up to date on
how the audience changes.
• Disadvantages- it a time consuming task
• Example- blog

8. Market Research
• Definition- the action or activity of gathering information
about consumers' needs and preferences. You can find
out what other products are on the market.
• Advantages- helps you with pleasing your customers and
so you do not make a product that is already on the
market.
• Disadvantages- you may discover that your idea has
already been made or will not suit your target audience.
• Example- field and desk research

9. Production Research
• Definition-Finding information and resources required to
produce a piece of media.
• Advantages- you will then know how to make your
product and what is needed.
• Disadvantages- you may discover that what you need to
make the product is too expensive or out of your reach.
• Example-

10. Terminology
• Objective- this is research that’s is not influenced
by personal feelings opinions.
• Subjective- this is research that has been
influenced by personal feelings and opinions.
• Valid- whether the research you’ve gathered is
able to answer the question/outcome.
• Reliable- research that is always accurate and
correct.

11. Harvard Referencing
1. Hallstrom, L. (1993) What’s Eating Gilbert Grape?
2. Hedges, P. (1999) What’s Eating Gilbert Grape?
3. Buzzfeed (2014) Here’s What The Cast Of “What’s Eating
Gilbert Grape” Looks Like Now
[https://www.buzzfeed.com/xxlryan/heres-what-the-cast-of-
whats-eating-gilbert-gra-
m2cc?utm_term=.plxQQQq2#.drPyyyQz]
4. Giles, K. (2016) Daily mail 'It was kind of a dark period':
Johnny Depp praises Leonardo DiCaprio as he recalls
'torturing' the actor as a teenager on What's Eating Gilbert
Grape set’ [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-
3435309/It-kind-dark-period-Johnny-Depp-admits-torture-
Leonardo-DiCaprio-set-1993-s-s-Eating-Gilbert-Grape.html]