This document defines and provides examples of different types of research terminology and methods, including: - Primary and secondary research, with primary research defined as information collected directly by the researcher and secondary relying on existing research. - Quantitative and qualitative research, with quantitative relying on numerical data like surveys and qualitative focusing on in-depth opinions, beliefs, and reasons. - Audience, market, and production research, each focusing on different targets like consumer attitudes, needs, and product development. - Other key terminology covered includes objectives vs subjective information, valid vs reliable sources and data, and a brief definition of Harvard referencing style.

1. Research
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2. Terminology
• Circulation
– This is how many print copies have been distributed.
• Hits
– This is how many times a page has been viewed.
• 81,596 views
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• Box Office Figures
– How much money a film has made at a cinema
• Ratings
– How well something has been rated e.g 5* 8/10 etc.
• Sales
– How many products have been sold all together.

3. Primary Research
• Definition
– A definition of primary research would be research that you do yourself, and also
where the audience and the person who researched it are in direct contact.
• Advantages
– An advantage of this would be that you’re the first person to discover this
information because you have done it first hand and alone.
– You would also take credit for any information you find yourself rather than having
to share it with anybody else who helped you.
– Disadvantages
– A disadvantage would be that you wouldn’t have anyone else with you
to help you collect this research so it maybe be more difficult or take
longer to obtain alone.
• Example
– An example of Primary Research would be a survey asking specific questions to the
public and collecting information off them about a specific topic.

4. Secondary Research
• Definition
• A definition of secondary research would be studying research which has
already been discovered by other people, also it would be using existing
research in your own work.
• Advantages
– An advantage of this would be the fact that you don’t have to go and find the
research out yourself so it would be less time consuming to use this method.
• Disadvantages
– A disadvantage would be that you would have to give credit to someone else
because you used their research in your work.
• Example
• An example of secondary research would be when a student Googles
information to use within their essay they would be using secondary
research as they are looking online for information someone else has
already discovered to use within their own work.

5. Quantitative Research
• Definition
– Quantitative research is where the information can be described as a number.
– This is also information in which you can out into a fraction/percentage etc.
• Advantages
– An advantage would be that it is easy to distribute as you can do the surveys
online.
– You can get the answers faster as you can access them online as soon as a survey
as been submitted.
• Disadvantages
– Doesn’t give a developed answer as it doesn’t give you a lot of information.
– Time consuming.
• Example
– An example would be asking people to fill out surveys.

6. Qualitative Research
• Definition
• This is research which is more in depth possibly finding out
peoples opinions on something, religious beliefs and or
reasoning about certain things.
• Advantages
• People can properly explain to you the reason for liking things
instead of just being another number.
• Disadvantages
• It takes longer for you to get this research as it’s more than
just ticking a box.
• Example
• Asking people why they have certain beliefs as they would
have to properly explain WHY they do.

7. Audience Research
• Definition
• Communication research which is conducted on certain audience
segments to gather information about their attitudes, knowledge
and interests.
• Advantages
• Finding out about who consumes a product so you can alter
advertising to specific groups of people to make it more appealing.
• Disadvantages
• A disadvantage about audience research would be that you could
misjudge how to advertise to certain people and end up losing
customers.
• Example
Interviewing customers to find out what they like about specific products.

8. Market Research
• Definition
• Gathering information about customers specific needs and preferences.
• Advantages
• You will have an advantage over your competitors as you will know what
your customers need and want before your competition does so you can
attract more customers and start making sales before they do.
• Disadvantages
• Research costs money, so putting time and money into this research could
be a negative because you may not get enough research to make a proper
change to your sales or marketing plan.
• Example
– Surveys and questionnaires are often used to get this research from customers, this
would help to quickly get the information rather than using a different method
which could take longer and lose more time.

9. Production Research
• Definition
• Production research helps to give characteristics of the
product.
• Advantages
• You will then know what you’re doing and be able to plan
ahead so that you have all the assets to be able to do it.
• Disadvantages
• It could contain unreliable information from bad sources
which could affect the deadline date.
• Example
– Production research is always needed when beginning a new
project.

10. Terminology
• Objective
– A persons judgement, this is not affected by prsonal
felings or opinions.
• Subjective
– Based on peoples personal feelings, tastes or opinions.
• Valid
– This is a point which has been made that has reliable back
up and is a fact.
• Reliable
– Good in quality and performance, something which can be
trusted.

11. Harvard Referencing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNTD3wf2J
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