This document discusses theories of urban growth and urban forms. It describes three models of urban growth: the concentric zone model, sector model, and multiple nuclei model. The concentric zone model proposes that cities grow in concentric rings, while the sector model argues growth is influenced by transportation links. The multiple nuclei model posits that cities develop multiple centers. Urban form elements include density, land use, transportation infrastructure, layout, and building characteristics. Theories influencing urban growth are modernization theory, dependency theory, and world-systems theory.

1. Theories of Urban
Growth; Urban
Forms
MPA 213: MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND
URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2. What is Urban
Growth?
➧ It is the rate at which the
population of an urban area
increases
➧ Increase in the absolute
size of an urban population
➧ Expansion of a
Metropolitan or suburban
area into the surrounding
environment
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3. Models of Urban Growth
1. CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
2. SECTOR MODEL
3. MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL
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4. CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
➧ BURGESS MODEL
➧ It was developed during 1925 by ERNEST W. BURGESS, a
sociologist from the University of Chicago
➧ This theory is based on Chicago’s growth pattern and an
attempt to understand spatial arrangement and settlement
patterns
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5. ➧ This theory on city dynamics states that an urban area consist of
five concentric zones which represents areas of functional
differentiation and expands rapidly from the center called the
Central Business District
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6. SECTOR MODEL
➧ HOYT MODEL
➧ It was developed during 1939 by a land economist named
HOMER HOYT
➧ This theory was mainly based on the residential rent
pattern and impact of transport development
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➧ This theory states
that cities do not
develop in form of
single rings but
instead, they have
“sectors”
➧ Activities and
their locations are
highly influenced
by transport
linkages

8. MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL
➧ HARRIS-ULLMAN MODEL
➧ It was created during 1945 by geographers named
CHAUNCY HARRIS and EDWARD ULLMAN
➧ This theory was based on the notion that CBD was losing
its dominant position as nucleus of urban areas since
urban regions have their own subsidiary but competing
“nuclei”
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9. ➧ This model assumes that
1. Land is not flat in all areas
2. There is even distribution
of resources
3. There is even distribution
of people in residential
areas
4. There is even
transportation cost
➧ People have greater
movement due to increased
car ownership and allows
specialization of regional
centers
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10. What is Urban Form?
Morphological attributes of an urban area at all scales
(Williams et al., 2000)
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11. What is Urban
Form?
➧ It encompasses a number
of physical features and non-
physical characteristics
including size, shape, scale,
density, land uses, building
types, urban block layout
and distribution of green
space.
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12. Elements of Urban Form
• DENSITY • LAND USE • TRANSPORT
INFRASTRAC
TURE
• LAYOUT • BUILDING
TYPE
1 2 3 4 5
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13. DENSITY
➧ MEASURE OF THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
LIVING IN A GIVEN AREA
➧ It can be measured as persons per hectare (pph),
dwellings per hectare (dph), bed spaces per hectare and
habitable rooms per hectare (Woodford et al., 1976)
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14. LAND USE
➧ USED TO DESCRIBED THE DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT LIKE
RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL, RETAIL, OFFICES,
INFRASTRACTURE AND OTHER USES
➧ It can be measured by Residential land use, Commercial
and retail land use, Offices, Industrial, Community
buildings, Leisure and recreational Buildings, Outdoor
Recreation and Mixed use
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15. TRANSPORT INFRASTRACTURE
➧ CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH ACCESSIBILITY AS IT
DETERMINES THE EASE WITH WHICH BUILDINGS,
SPACES AND PLACES CAN BE REACHED
➧ It can be measured by Public & Private transport
infrastructure, Pedestrian Infrastructure, Road
management and Journey Time/Distance
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16. LAYOUT
➧ THE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT AND CONFIGURATION
OF ELEMENTS OF STREETS, BLOCKS AND BUILDINGS
➧ STREET PATTERN, BLOCK SIZES, OVERALL
LOCATION WITHIN THE CITY
➧ It can be measured through Spatial Network Analysis wherein
relationship between spaces in a city/settlement/building are
graphed/quantified to analyze and identify patterns
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17. HOUSING AND BUILDING
CHARACTERISTICS
➧ REFERS TO THE BUILDING’S ORIENTATION AND
EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT AND DAYLIGHT
(MARDALJEVIC, 2005)
➧ CAN HAVE AN IMPORTANT BEARING ON EVERYDAY
LIVING
➧ It can be measured by identifying housing types, lowest
level of living accommodation and household’s access to a
garden/residential outdoor space
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18. THEORIES BEHIND URBAN
GROWTH & URBAN FORMS
1. MODERNIZATION THEORY
2. DEPENDENCY THEORY
3. WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY
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19. MODERNIZATION THEORY
➧ Refers to a progressive transition from a traditional
to modern society and suggests that traditional
societies will develop as they adopt more modern
practices
➧ Research disciplines contributing to this theory
includes sociological & anthropological modernization
theory and linear stages of growth
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20. DEPENDENCY THEORY
➧ First world nations depend on the natural resources,
cheap labor and consumer markets provided by poor
nations
➧ It states that resources typically flow from a
“periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a
“core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the
expense of the former
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21. WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY
➧ A multidisciplinary approach to world history and
social change which emphasizes the world-system as
the primary unit of social analysis
➧ Divides nations into core, semi-periphery and
periphery countries
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22. “A city’s environment is shaped not only
by people who have an important
influence, but by everyone who lives or
works there.”
ROBERT COWAN
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23. HTTPS://SIMPLE.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/
FILE:///C:/USERS/HP/DESKT
OP/MPA/MPA-
213/FOR%20REPORT%20(B
ASIS)/THEORIESOFURBAN
GROWTH.PDF
https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/1876
8/6/Dempsey_et_al_2010_Ch2.pdf
REFERENCES
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https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/1876
8/6/Dempsey_et_al_2010_Ch2.pdf
file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/docu
ment.pdf
HTTPS://PREZI.COM/P/7ZZR
SLX4A305/THEORIES-OF-
URBAN-GROWTH-URBAN-
FORMS/

24. Thank you
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JAMIE KIM F. SANTOS
MPA Student
JOSEFINA B. BITONIO, DPA
Professor