Roland Barthes believed that the structure of films allows for ambiguity and different interpretations by audiences. He described five narrative codes that shape a film's plot and meaning: action, enigma, semantic, symbolic, and cultural. Vladimir Propp analyzed character archetypes and identified eight common roles that appear in stories: hero, villain, false hero, helper, donor, princess, father, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's theory proposed that all narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, repair, and new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss analyzed the use of binary opposites to drive conflict and progression in stories.
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Within this presentation I take the time to explain narrative by definition; discussing theorists, relating them to my narrative idea and elaborating on the theories.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. ROLAND THEORY
Roland Barthes believes the structure of movies is somewhat similar to a tangled weave of string which once you
start to watch become unraveled and the meaning behind the film/ the plot is ambiguously decided by the individual
audience. The movie completely a matter of opinion.
Barthes quotes "texts may be opened or closed"
There are 5 narrative codes :
Action- the way the story avoids telling the truth or revealing all which let's a mystery lead it forward
Enigma- the tension is built up and the audience is left guessing what is about to come next!
Semantic code- when it points to any element in a text that suggest a particular meaning by the way of connotation
which the story suggests. Based around cultural expectations
Symbolic code- acts at a wider level, organising semantic meanings into broader and deeper sets of meaning! This
typically done in the use of anthises, where new meaning arises out of conflict ideas.
Cultural code- looks at the audience wider bilingual knowledge , morality and ideology
3. EXAMPLES OF ROLAND'S
THEORY
Examples of each code:
Action- audience are expected to connect the dots of narrative
Enigma- audience question 'when will it happen'
Semantic-glass, book, notepads, red car, uniform
Symbolic- conflicts of male and female etc
Cultural-draws on stereotypes , geek jock etc
4. P ROP P ’ S THEORY
Propp's theory
Propp believed that in every movie there are eight type of characters. All will appear in every movie if look
carefully enough, some may only appear for a few minutes and some might take on the role of several of propp's
character types yet all still are present!
The eight types are:
The hero- this is usually the protagonist or main character
The villain- typically the antagonist and this character will withhold opposite views to the hero
False hero- this character is usually the one who will support the hero yet end up working against them!
The helper- the helper gives help and supports the other characters
The donor- this role gives a main character soemthing valuable
The princess- stereotypically a girl yet modern films have created a male 'princess' and some have even created
a princess to be an aim ie freedom
The father- the father will reward the hero for their efforts
The dispatcher- this character will send the main character on their way
5. TODOROV’ S THEORY
Todorov in 1969 produced a theory which he believed to be able to be applied to any film. He believed
that all films followed the same narrative pattern. They all went through stages called the equilibrium,
disequilibrium, acknowledgement, solving and new equilibrium.
Equilibrium- this is the beginning of each movie inwhich the characters life's are the normal and they're
balanced with no signs of problems or disruption
Disruption- this is the stage inwhich the characters are faces with a problem or obstacle
Recognition- this is when the characters begin to realise their lives have changed
Repair- the characters now try to repair and over come their problems and stuggle
New equilibrium- could be the same as the old equilibrium or a new equilibrium inwhich the characters
have adapted to as the 'norm'
6. CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS
Claude Levi-Strauss was a French theorist, not to be mixed up with the
denim maker. He came up with the theory of binary opposites. He belived that
there are always two opposites/conflict which are used to drive the films
narrative forward!
Examples of the conflict in Disney films would be :
The youthful beautiful princess Snow White V the old haggard witch
Well behaved Anna V rebellious Elsa (frozen)
Naturalistic life V surreal life (Alice in wonderland)
