The An-225 Mriya is the heaviest and largest aircraft ever built. It was designed by the Soviet Union in the 1980s to transport the Buran space shuttle. Some key facts:
- It can carry over 250 tons of cargo, far more than any other aircraft.
- It has 32 wheels and 6 powerful engines that provide 140.5 tons of thrust at takeoff.
- Only one was built due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, but it remains in service transporting massive or overweight cargo around the world.
Laporan Tugas Besar Studi Sertifikasi Lampu Anti-TabrakanAlvinIrwanto1
Laporan ini membahas studi sertifikasi anticollision lights berdasarkan regulasi FAA TSO-C96a. Ia menjelaskan spesifikasi anticollision lights menurut regulasi, produsen LRU di dalam dan luar negeri, serta proses pengujian dan tempat pengujian yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh sertifikasi kelayakan udara.
The document expresses gratitude to Mr. Bilbin Paul and Frankfinn institute for their support and guidance in helping the author learn about the Boeing industry and complete a seminar. It also thanks classmates for their support. The document lists names of classmates who supported the completion of the seminar.
The document defines and explains the basic components of a typical aircraft, including:
- The fuselage, which contains the crew and payload.
- The wing, which produces lift and is made of two halves connected by the fuselage.
- The engine, which can be piston-driven or jet-powered.
- Horizontal and vertical stabilizers, which provide stability and are made of airfoil cross-sections.
It also describes basic control surfaces like the elevator, rudder, and ailerons, and additional components such as flaps, the cockpit/cabin, landing gear, and trim tabs.
El Antonov An-225 Mriya es el avión más grande y pesado del mundo, con una longitud de 84 metros y una envergadura de 88,4 metros. Fue construido por Antonov para transportar el transbordador espacial Buran. Con un peso máximo de 640 toneladas, es capaz de transportar cargas de hasta 250 toneladas.
The document provides instructions for a simulator practice session on an Airbus A330. It details the simulator procedures, including starting the engines, taking off, climbing to cruise altitude, and performing an approach and landing. Key steps covered are following the flight director, monitoring speeds during flap configuration changes, and using primary flight displays and navigation displays to read flight parameters and navigate.
This document contains 53 multiple choice questions about gas turbine engine fundamentals. The questions cover topics like engine sections (hot vs cold), turbine speeds (N1, N2), pressures (Pt7), cycles (Brayton), nozzles, compressors, turbines, thrust production, and more. Correct answers are provided along with short explanations for each question.
Solution Manual Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines by Ahmed El-SayedPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-aircraft-propulsion-and-gas-turbine-engines-el-sayed/
Solution Manual (+ exam supplement) for Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines - 1st Edition
Author(s) : Ahmed F. El-Sayed
This product include both of Solution Manual and Instructor Manual for 1st edition's textbook. Solution manual and instructor manual have 647 and 237 pages respectively. They include all chapters of textbook (Chapters 1 to 16) .
A flight control system (FCS) controls the flight of an aircraft and modern aircraft include automatic flight control systems (AFCS) that aid pilots. An AFCS has three main components: computers to process inputs and determine outputs, sensors to provide data to the computers like aircraft position and speed, and output devices/actuators that convert computer signals into physical control surface movements. There are different types of AFCS including stability augmentation systems that improve stability, autopilots to reduce pilot workload, and navigation aids for tasks like landing. A typical FCS architecture incorporates these elements along with feedback control loops between sensors and actuators.
Laporan Tugas Besar Studi Sertifikasi Lampu Anti-TabrakanAlvinIrwanto1
Laporan ini membahas studi sertifikasi anticollision lights berdasarkan regulasi FAA TSO-C96a. Ia menjelaskan spesifikasi anticollision lights menurut regulasi, produsen LRU di dalam dan luar negeri, serta proses pengujian dan tempat pengujian yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh sertifikasi kelayakan udara.
The document expresses gratitude to Mr. Bilbin Paul and Frankfinn institute for their support and guidance in helping the author learn about the Boeing industry and complete a seminar. It also thanks classmates for their support. The document lists names of classmates who supported the completion of the seminar.
The document defines and explains the basic components of a typical aircraft, including:
- The fuselage, which contains the crew and payload.
- The wing, which produces lift and is made of two halves connected by the fuselage.
- The engine, which can be piston-driven or jet-powered.
- Horizontal and vertical stabilizers, which provide stability and are made of airfoil cross-sections.
It also describes basic control surfaces like the elevator, rudder, and ailerons, and additional components such as flaps, the cockpit/cabin, landing gear, and trim tabs.
El Antonov An-225 Mriya es el avión más grande y pesado del mundo, con una longitud de 84 metros y una envergadura de 88,4 metros. Fue construido por Antonov para transportar el transbordador espacial Buran. Con un peso máximo de 640 toneladas, es capaz de transportar cargas de hasta 250 toneladas.
The document provides instructions for a simulator practice session on an Airbus A330. It details the simulator procedures, including starting the engines, taking off, climbing to cruise altitude, and performing an approach and landing. Key steps covered are following the flight director, monitoring speeds during flap configuration changes, and using primary flight displays and navigation displays to read flight parameters and navigate.
This document contains 53 multiple choice questions about gas turbine engine fundamentals. The questions cover topics like engine sections (hot vs cold), turbine speeds (N1, N2), pressures (Pt7), cycles (Brayton), nozzles, compressors, turbines, thrust production, and more. Correct answers are provided along with short explanations for each question.
Solution Manual Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines by Ahmed El-SayedPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-aircraft-propulsion-and-gas-turbine-engines-el-sayed/
Solution Manual (+ exam supplement) for Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines - 1st Edition
Author(s) : Ahmed F. El-Sayed
This product include both of Solution Manual and Instructor Manual for 1st edition's textbook. Solution manual and instructor manual have 647 and 237 pages respectively. They include all chapters of textbook (Chapters 1 to 16) .
A flight control system (FCS) controls the flight of an aircraft and modern aircraft include automatic flight control systems (AFCS) that aid pilots. An AFCS has three main components: computers to process inputs and determine outputs, sensors to provide data to the computers like aircraft position and speed, and output devices/actuators that convert computer signals into physical control surface movements. There are different types of AFCS including stability augmentation systems that improve stability, autopilots to reduce pilot workload, and navigation aids for tasks like landing. A typical FCS architecture incorporates these elements along with feedback control loops between sensors and actuators.
A Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft is a configuration where the wing and fuselage are integrated which essentially results in a large flying wing. BWB aircraft were previously called ‘tailless airplanes’ and ‘Flying-Wing aircraft’. The BWB configuration has shown promise in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, in particular for very large transport aircraft, because the configuration has a single lifting surface that means an aerodynamically clean configuration.
Seminar report on Aeroplane Propulsion SystemSawan Kumar
This document is a seminar report on aeroplane propulsion systems presented by two students, Saurav Kumar and Sawan Kumar, to fulfill the requirements of their mechanical engineering course. The report includes sections on the different types of propulsion systems used in aeroplanes such as jet, rocket, and propeller propulsion. It discusses the key components that enable these different propulsion methods, such as the air intake, combustion chamber, turbine, and nozzle. The report provides an overview of aeroplane propulsion systems for educational purposes.
Dora Musielak presented on hypersonic travel and air-breathing propulsion technologies. Key points included:
1) Hypersonic vehicles require air-breathing propulsion like scramjets to operate between Mach 5-15 as rockets are inefficient.
2) Critical challenges for scramjets include small pressure changes across the engine, efficient inlets and nozzles, and aerothermal heating.
3) Recent programs demonstrated aspects of hypersonic propulsion, including the X-43A reaching Mach 9.6 and the X-51A flying for over 200 seconds at Mach 5.
Pratt & Whitney's new geared turbofan engines will generate a massive amount of data that will be streamed to the ground from the tens of thousands of engines in service by 2030. This data, estimated at 12 petabytes per year, will be 50 times greater than the amount of data collected from P&W's previous commercial engines. P&W has partnered with IBM to develop the infrastructure needed to store, process, and analyze this data in order to improve engine reliability and reduce maintenance costs. Capturing engine performance and operations data from thousands of engines in flight will allow maintenance needs to be addressed with just one-tenth of the current staffing levels.
Emergency ejection system in military aircraft reportLahiru Dilshan
Safety is a major concern in the aircraft industry both in commercial and military services. In the fighter jets, there are several unique mechanisms used other than the commercial airliner. Pilots in the fighter jects can abandon the ship in case of an emergency but the other types of aircraft cannot use that kind of mechanism because the passengers are boarded.
The document discusses various types of jet propulsion engines. It begins by explaining the design and construction of early gas turbine engines prior to WWII. It then covers the major types of jet propulsion in use today including rockets, ramjets, pulsejets, and gas turbine engines. For gas turbine engines, it describes the basic components and functioning of turbojet, turboprop, turboshaft, and turbofan engines. It also discusses engine components such as air inlet ducts, compressors, and combustion sections.
The document discusses the major components of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plant. It describes the construction and design of aircraft fuselages, including open truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque structures. It also briefly discusses wings, the empennage, landing gear, and factors considered in aircraft component design like fatigue life and material selection.
This document describes the design and testing of a hybrid rocket motor. It discusses the background of hybrid motors, including their advantages over solid and liquid motors. The document then outlines the objectives, constraints, and selection of the HTPB/aluminum fuel for the project. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to analyze the fuel combination and determine combustion properties. A one-dimensional model was developed using regression rate correlations from literature to predict and optimize the motor's performance over time. The model will be used to design the fuel grain and nozzle geometry before manufacturing and testing the motor.
The document defines and describes various parts of an aircraft including control surfaces like the aileron and elevator that control rolling and pitching movements, other components like the horizontal and vertical stabilizers that provide stability, and various high-lift devices such as flaps, spoilers and slats. It also mentions the cockpit, landing gear, engines and related components, and additional elements like winglets and vortex generators that influence aerodynamics and performance.
This document describes the conceptual design of a mixed-compression supersonic intake for a ramjet-powered target drone. It will discuss the design methodology, including analyzing compressible flow theories, determining design requirements and objectives based on comparable drones, and outlining the supersonic intake design process. The intake will be designed for cruise at Mach 3 at 11,000 meters altitude to provide air to a solid fuel ramjet. Computational fluid dynamics analysis will be used to validate the design.
The document summarizes the history and development of gyro gunsights used in aircraft from World War 2 through the Cold War. Gyro gunsights automatically calculated the lead angle and bullet drop needed for a pilot to hit a moving target. The first operational gyro gunsight was the British Mark I in 1941. Improved models like the Mark II saw widespread use through the end of WWII. Germany developed the EZ 42 gyro sight but it did not see full deployment. The US developed the AN/ASG-26 for the F-4 Phantom, which provided targeting information via a head-up display.
This document discusses the components and aerodynamics of helicopters. It describes that helicopters derive lift and thrust from horizontally revolving overhead rotors. The main components include rotor blades, a swashplate, mast, engine, transmission, tailboom, and skids. The rotor system consists of blades, grips, hub, and a mast connected to the transmission. The swashplate transfers non-rotating flight controls to the spinning rotor. Pilots control helicopters using collective and cyclic controls, with collective changing all blade pitches simultaneously and cyclic changing them unevenly.
Tugas Besar AE3140 Sertifikasi Kaca Depan Kokpit (Windshield)M. Satryo Sahara
Laporan ini membahas windshield atau kaca depan kokpit pesawat. Secara ringkas, dibahas fungsi windshield untuk melindungi kokpit dari aliran fluida di depan pesawat dan memberikan visibilitas kepada pilot, konstruksi sistem windshield yang terdiri dari beberapa lapis kaca dan material pengikat, serta sistem kerja windshield untuk mencegah icing menggunakan pemanasan listrik.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang motor bakar, meliputi pengertian, pembagian, klasifikasi, cara kerja, dan komponen utama motor bakar. Secara khusus dijelaskan mengenai motor bakar Otto (bensin), diesel, dan Wankel beserta perbandingan prinsip kerjanya.
This document defines various airplane speeds and distances related to takeoff and landing performance. It defines speeds like stall speed, maximum gear speeds, and maneuvering speed. It also defines takeoff and landing distances like takeoff run available, takeoff distance available, accelerate-stop distance available, and landing distance available. It explains that takeoff requirements depend on factors like the runway length and whether clearways or stopways exist, and specifies formulas for field length requirements based on these factors.
Structural detailing of fuselage of aeroplane /aircraft.PriyankaKg4
This presentation is about the structural detailing of fuselage of aeroplane .The fuselage or body of the airplane, holds all the pieces together. The pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings.
Liquid propulsion is the most advantageous for low earth orbiting vehicles and missiles. Using liquid propulsion, the flight path can be changed and is more effective.
This document provides a final project report for the design of the Dragonfly Mk. I aircraft by TERA (Tyler, Elliot, Robert Aerospace). It summarizes the comparison to existing aircraft, the design requirements and specifications, and provides justifications for design elements like the wing loading, thrust-to-weight ratio, and T-tail configuration. The goal was to design a small personal jet capable of carrying 10 passengers for nearly 8,800 miles between Philadelphia and Bangkok, Thailand with minimized fuel consumption.
The document provides details about the Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft, including:
1. It is the heaviest aircraft ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of over 1.3 million pounds.
2. It has six powerful turbofan engines, can carry over 250,000 kg of cargo, and has a maximum range of over 9,500 miles when fully fueled.
3. Only two were built, with one currently in service with Antonov Airlines, primarily used for strategic heavy airlift of outsized cargo.
The document provides details about the Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft, including:
1. It is the heaviest aircraft ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of over 1.3 million pounds.
2. It has six powerful turbofan engines, can carry over 250,000 kg of cargo, and has a maximum range of over 9,500 miles when fully fueled.
3. Only two were built, with one currently in service with Antonov Airlines, primarily used for strategic heavy airlift of outsized cargo.
A Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft is a configuration where the wing and fuselage are integrated which essentially results in a large flying wing. BWB aircraft were previously called ‘tailless airplanes’ and ‘Flying-Wing aircraft’. The BWB configuration has shown promise in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, in particular for very large transport aircraft, because the configuration has a single lifting surface that means an aerodynamically clean configuration.
Seminar report on Aeroplane Propulsion SystemSawan Kumar
This document is a seminar report on aeroplane propulsion systems presented by two students, Saurav Kumar and Sawan Kumar, to fulfill the requirements of their mechanical engineering course. The report includes sections on the different types of propulsion systems used in aeroplanes such as jet, rocket, and propeller propulsion. It discusses the key components that enable these different propulsion methods, such as the air intake, combustion chamber, turbine, and nozzle. The report provides an overview of aeroplane propulsion systems for educational purposes.
Dora Musielak presented on hypersonic travel and air-breathing propulsion technologies. Key points included:
1) Hypersonic vehicles require air-breathing propulsion like scramjets to operate between Mach 5-15 as rockets are inefficient.
2) Critical challenges for scramjets include small pressure changes across the engine, efficient inlets and nozzles, and aerothermal heating.
3) Recent programs demonstrated aspects of hypersonic propulsion, including the X-43A reaching Mach 9.6 and the X-51A flying for over 200 seconds at Mach 5.
Pratt & Whitney's new geared turbofan engines will generate a massive amount of data that will be streamed to the ground from the tens of thousands of engines in service by 2030. This data, estimated at 12 petabytes per year, will be 50 times greater than the amount of data collected from P&W's previous commercial engines. P&W has partnered with IBM to develop the infrastructure needed to store, process, and analyze this data in order to improve engine reliability and reduce maintenance costs. Capturing engine performance and operations data from thousands of engines in flight will allow maintenance needs to be addressed with just one-tenth of the current staffing levels.
Emergency ejection system in military aircraft reportLahiru Dilshan
Safety is a major concern in the aircraft industry both in commercial and military services. In the fighter jets, there are several unique mechanisms used other than the commercial airliner. Pilots in the fighter jects can abandon the ship in case of an emergency but the other types of aircraft cannot use that kind of mechanism because the passengers are boarded.
The document discusses various types of jet propulsion engines. It begins by explaining the design and construction of early gas turbine engines prior to WWII. It then covers the major types of jet propulsion in use today including rockets, ramjets, pulsejets, and gas turbine engines. For gas turbine engines, it describes the basic components and functioning of turbojet, turboprop, turboshaft, and turbofan engines. It also discusses engine components such as air inlet ducts, compressors, and combustion sections.
The document discusses the major components of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plant. It describes the construction and design of aircraft fuselages, including open truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque structures. It also briefly discusses wings, the empennage, landing gear, and factors considered in aircraft component design like fatigue life and material selection.
This document describes the design and testing of a hybrid rocket motor. It discusses the background of hybrid motors, including their advantages over solid and liquid motors. The document then outlines the objectives, constraints, and selection of the HTPB/aluminum fuel for the project. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to analyze the fuel combination and determine combustion properties. A one-dimensional model was developed using regression rate correlations from literature to predict and optimize the motor's performance over time. The model will be used to design the fuel grain and nozzle geometry before manufacturing and testing the motor.
The document defines and describes various parts of an aircraft including control surfaces like the aileron and elevator that control rolling and pitching movements, other components like the horizontal and vertical stabilizers that provide stability, and various high-lift devices such as flaps, spoilers and slats. It also mentions the cockpit, landing gear, engines and related components, and additional elements like winglets and vortex generators that influence aerodynamics and performance.
This document describes the conceptual design of a mixed-compression supersonic intake for a ramjet-powered target drone. It will discuss the design methodology, including analyzing compressible flow theories, determining design requirements and objectives based on comparable drones, and outlining the supersonic intake design process. The intake will be designed for cruise at Mach 3 at 11,000 meters altitude to provide air to a solid fuel ramjet. Computational fluid dynamics analysis will be used to validate the design.
The document summarizes the history and development of gyro gunsights used in aircraft from World War 2 through the Cold War. Gyro gunsights automatically calculated the lead angle and bullet drop needed for a pilot to hit a moving target. The first operational gyro gunsight was the British Mark I in 1941. Improved models like the Mark II saw widespread use through the end of WWII. Germany developed the EZ 42 gyro sight but it did not see full deployment. The US developed the AN/ASG-26 for the F-4 Phantom, which provided targeting information via a head-up display.
This document discusses the components and aerodynamics of helicopters. It describes that helicopters derive lift and thrust from horizontally revolving overhead rotors. The main components include rotor blades, a swashplate, mast, engine, transmission, tailboom, and skids. The rotor system consists of blades, grips, hub, and a mast connected to the transmission. The swashplate transfers non-rotating flight controls to the spinning rotor. Pilots control helicopters using collective and cyclic controls, with collective changing all blade pitches simultaneously and cyclic changing them unevenly.
Tugas Besar AE3140 Sertifikasi Kaca Depan Kokpit (Windshield)M. Satryo Sahara
Laporan ini membahas windshield atau kaca depan kokpit pesawat. Secara ringkas, dibahas fungsi windshield untuk melindungi kokpit dari aliran fluida di depan pesawat dan memberikan visibilitas kepada pilot, konstruksi sistem windshield yang terdiri dari beberapa lapis kaca dan material pengikat, serta sistem kerja windshield untuk mencegah icing menggunakan pemanasan listrik.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang motor bakar, meliputi pengertian, pembagian, klasifikasi, cara kerja, dan komponen utama motor bakar. Secara khusus dijelaskan mengenai motor bakar Otto (bensin), diesel, dan Wankel beserta perbandingan prinsip kerjanya.
This document defines various airplane speeds and distances related to takeoff and landing performance. It defines speeds like stall speed, maximum gear speeds, and maneuvering speed. It also defines takeoff and landing distances like takeoff run available, takeoff distance available, accelerate-stop distance available, and landing distance available. It explains that takeoff requirements depend on factors like the runway length and whether clearways or stopways exist, and specifies formulas for field length requirements based on these factors.
Structural detailing of fuselage of aeroplane /aircraft.PriyankaKg4
This presentation is about the structural detailing of fuselage of aeroplane .The fuselage or body of the airplane, holds all the pieces together. The pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings.
Liquid propulsion is the most advantageous for low earth orbiting vehicles and missiles. Using liquid propulsion, the flight path can be changed and is more effective.
This document provides a final project report for the design of the Dragonfly Mk. I aircraft by TERA (Tyler, Elliot, Robert Aerospace). It summarizes the comparison to existing aircraft, the design requirements and specifications, and provides justifications for design elements like the wing loading, thrust-to-weight ratio, and T-tail configuration. The goal was to design a small personal jet capable of carrying 10 passengers for nearly 8,800 miles between Philadelphia and Bangkok, Thailand with minimized fuel consumption.
The document provides details about the Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft, including:
1. It is the heaviest aircraft ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of over 1.3 million pounds.
2. It has six powerful turbofan engines, can carry over 250,000 kg of cargo, and has a maximum range of over 9,500 miles when fully fueled.
3. Only two were built, with one currently in service with Antonov Airlines, primarily used for strategic heavy airlift of outsized cargo.
The document provides details about the Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft, including:
1. It is the heaviest aircraft ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of over 1.3 million pounds.
2. It has six powerful turbofan engines, can carry over 250,000 kg of cargo, and has a maximum range of over 9,500 miles when fully fueled.
3. Only two were built, with one currently in service with Antonov Airlines, primarily used for strategic heavy airlift of outsized cargo.
The document provides information about the Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft, including its specifications and dimensions. It is the largest aircraft ever built, with a length of 84 meters and wingspan of 88.4 meters. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 600,000 kg and is powered by 6 turbofan engines, each producing over 50,000 pounds of thrust. The An-225 was designed as a strategic airlift cargo carrier and can carry payloads of up to 250,000 kg.
- The Antonov An-225 Mriya is the heaviest aircraft ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of over 1.3 million pounds.
- It has six powerful turbofan engines, can carry over 250,000 kg of cargo, and has a maximum range of over 9,500 miles when fully fueled.
- The An-225 was designed as a strategic airlift cargo carrier for carrying heavy loads, and holds the record for airlifting the heaviest single cargo ever, at over 250 tons.
The Antonov An-225 Mriya is a massive cargo aircraft built in the 1980s by the Soviet Union. It is the largest and heaviest airplane ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of 640 tonnes. Only one was constructed and it holds the world records for airlifting the heaviest single item payload of 189,980 kilograms and heaviest total payload of 253,820 kilograms. The cavernous cargo hold measures over 1,300 cubic meters and can carry payloads much larger than other cargo planes. Today it is still in commercial operation, carrying oversized payloads for its sole operator, Antonov Airlines.
The V-22 Osprey is a tiltrotor aircraft developed jointly by Bell Helicopter and Boeing for the US military. It can take off, land, and hover like a helicopter but also fly faster than helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft at cruising speeds of up to 270 mph. The Osprey has two rotors mounted on wings that can be rotated between vertical and horizontal positions to allow both helicopter-like and airplane-like flight. This innovative design provides capabilities exceeding traditional helicopters including faster speeds, greater range, higher payload, and the ability to access runways. However, development of the Osprey was challenging and resulted in several crashes during testing before being declared operational in 2005.
Airport planning and design encompasses constructing terminals, runways, and navigation aids to accommodate passenger and freight air travel. Airport engineers must account for aircraft impacts and demands in their facility designs. They use wind analysis to determine runway orientation and safety areas, and ensure adequate wingtip clearances and safety zones. Proper airport design facilitates smooth aircraft takeoffs and landings while safely accommodating passenger and cargo movement.
The document discusses the development and design of the supersonic Concorde aircraft. It describes how the British and French governments agreed in 1962 to jointly develop a supersonic transport. Two prototypes were built and the first flight occurred in 1969. Key design aspects included delta wings for stability at supersonic speeds, powerful jet engines, and a droopable nose for visibility during takeoff and landing. Concorde carried 100 passengers at twice the speed of sound but was retired in 2003 due to high costs and falling revenues.
The document discusses future possibilities for commercial air travel powered by hydrogen. It suggests that hydrogen could replace kerosene as the fuel for commercial airliners by the mid to long term future. Short-range commuter flights may be served by high-speed electric trains, while mid-range flights between 2000-5000km could use modified hydrogen-powered airliners operating from existing airports. Long-range intercontinental travel over 5000km may be enabled by scramjet-powered planes fueled by liquid hydrogen, allowing flights between continents in a small number of hours. The document outlines concepts for a hydrogen fuel cell platform stationed at high altitude to fuel and service scramjet planes, and details regarding the proposed structure and operations of
The document discusses hovercrafts, including their history, design, operation, and applications. Some key points:
- Hovercrafts were first conceptualized in the 1870s but were pioneered in the 1950s by Christopher Cockerell, who patented the design.
- They work by blowing air under the hull with lift fans to create an air cushion that allows movement over land and water. Flexible skirts around the edges contain the air.
- In addition to passenger ferry services, hovercrafts see military uses like mine countermeasures and transport. Future applications may include hover trains and cars.
The document discusses hovercrafts, including their history, design, operation, and applications. Some key points:
- Hovercrafts were first conceptualized in the 1870s but were pioneered in the 1950s by Christopher Cockerell, who patented the design.
- They work by blowing air under the hull with lift fans to create an air cushion that allows movement over land and water. Flexible skirts around the edges contain the air.
- In addition to passenger ferry services, military uses included operations in Vietnam and as mine countermeasures and antisubmarine craft. Future applications explored trains and cars.
- Advancements have focused on propulsion systems, starting with piston engines and moving to gas
Airplanes are fixed-wing aircraft that are propelled forward by thrust from jet engines or propellers. They come in various sizes and wing configurations and are used for transportation, recreation, military, and research purposes. Commercial aviation involves tens of thousands of passengers flying daily on large airliners. While early concepts of flight date back centuries, the Wright brothers' 1903 flight is recognized as the first sustained, controlled, powered flight. Jet engines were introduced in the mid-20th century, providing more power than propeller engines. Modern airplanes are complex machines built by companies and can take years to design with safety testing.
This document summarizes the key functions and components of an aircraft. It discusses the cockpit and controls used by the pilot, including the yoke and rudder pedals. It describes the different types of cargo that can be carried on aircraft and defines a cargo aircraft. It outlines the major interior and exterior parts of an aircraft like the fuselage, empennage, wings, and engines. Emergency equipment like evacuation slides and safety features like passenger service units and jump seats are also summarized. The document was submitted as an assignment on aircraft functions.
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
airport planning and design by srinivas.pptxMuraliRao31
The document discusses various factors related to airport planning and design, including aircraft characteristics that influence airport design. It covers topics like types of aircraft propulsion systems; how aircraft size, weight, wheel configuration, turning radius, speed, and noise levels affect runway length, taxiway width, and other facilities. Site selection considerations are also outlined, such as land availability, meteorological conditions, surrounding development, and access. The key factors that influence airport design are an aircraft's engine/propulsion type, size, weight distribution, minimum turn radius, and noise levels.
The document discusses various factors related to airport planning and design, including aircraft characteristics that influence airport design. It covers topics like types of aircraft propulsion systems; how aircraft size, weight, wheel configuration, turning radius, speed, and other characteristics impact runway length, taxiway width, apron size, and other facilities. Site selection factors for airports like land availability, meteorological conditions, accessibility, and surrounding development are also summarized.
This document outlines a presentation on hovercrafts. It begins with an introduction defining a hovercraft and its ability to travel over various surfaces. It then discusses the history of hovercraft development from early designs in the 17th century to Sir Christopher Cockerell's invention and commercialization in the 1950s. The main sections cover the principles of hovercraft operation using propellers, fans, and skirts to create lift; typical components like the hull, lifting system, thrust system and skirts; and applications for personal use, search and rescue, and military purposes.
Cn 235-300 tactical transport aircraft, spainhindujudaic
The CN-235-300 is a multi-mission tactical transport aircraft developed by EADS CASA of Spain. Over 272 have been produced and 230 are in service with over 20 countries. It has a maximum cruise speed of 454km/h and can carry up to 44 passengers or cargo. The aircraft has three hardpoints under each wing to carry missiles and is used for passenger or cargo transport by various military and government organizations.
Bamboo Boat Tour, Hoi An, Vietnam (越南會安 竹筒船之旅).ppsxChung Yen Chang
The Coconut Grove Eco-Tourism Zone is located east of Hoi An, Vietnam, about 3 km from the city center. The zone features a large coconut grove adjacent to where three famous rivers in Hoi An meet the sea. Tourists can take bamboo basket boats through the coconut grove's waterways, watching local performances like fishing and boat stunt shows. The hour-long program aims to give visitors a relaxing experience on the bamboo boats and in the natural scenery of the coconut grove.
Marble Mountains, Da Nang, VN (越南峴港 五行山靈應寺).ppsxChung Yen Chang
The document provides an overview and tour of the Marble Mountains located near Da Nang, Vietnam. It summarizes that the Marble Mountains are named after the five elements and the only mountain open to tourists is Water Mountain. It then describes several scenic spots within Water Mountain that were visited on the tour, including taking an elevator up the mountain, visiting Xa Loi Tower, Linh Ung Pagoda, and the highlight Huyen Khong Cave with its statues and grottoes.
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsxChung Yen Chang
My Khe Beach is a 30 km beach located near Da Nang city center that was recognized as one of the most beautiful beaches in the world. Linh Ung Pagoda is the largest pagoda in Da Nang located on Son Tra Peninsula, featuring a 67m tall Guanyin statue. The pagoda offers beautiful views of My Khe Beach and Da Nang city. APEC Park houses sculptures donated by APEC member states during the 2017 APEC summit in Da Nang. Da Nang Cathedral is a famous pink church located in the city center, built under French colonial rule in the Gothic style.
Han River by Night in Da Nang, VN (越南峴港 韓江之夜).ppsxChung Yen Chang
Every Saturday and Sunday night, many people gather at the Han River Marina in Da Nang, Vietnam to watch the fire-breathing show on the Dragon Bridge. Tourists can take cruise boats from the marina under the Dragon Bridge to get a closer view of the 10-minute show, which features flames, colored lights, and water spraying. The fire-breathing and water displays at 9pm are the highlight of the Han River night tour.
Fugui Cape Trail, New Taipei City, Taiwan (台灣 新北市 富貴角步道).ppsxChung Yen Chang
The document summarizes a trail around Fugui Cape in New Taipei City, Taiwan. It describes landmarks along the trail such as the Fugui Cape Lighthouse, Laomei Maze, observation decks, beaches, and wind-carved trees. It provides directions to access the trail and details about points of interest like the lighthouse, fishing port, and restaurants at the trail's end. Transportation instructions are also given to reach the starting point of the Fugui Cape trail.
Fun and easy animal drawings (有趣又容易的動物繪畫).ppsxChung Yen Chang
This document provides step-by-step tutorials for drawing 10 different animals: dog, lion, elephant, horse, monkey, and spider. Each animal tutorial is 3-10 steps and includes illustrations of how to draw the basic shapes and features of the animal. The tutorials are intended for children and emphasize that drawing can be fun and easy to learn.
Stunning and Impressive Skyscrapers (令人驚嘆和印象深刻的摩天大樓).ppsxChung Yen Chang
The document provides descriptions of 11 unusual skyscrapers from around the world. It summarizes each skyscraper's key details including its location, design features, height, and other distinguishing characteristics. Some of the skyscrapers highlighted include the Evolution Tower in Moscow known for its double DNA coil design, the Agora Tower in Taipei that uses trees and vegetation to absorb carbon emissions, and the Dynamic Tower in Dubai which will feature rotating floors that change the views from apartments.
Trang An Scenic Landscape, Ninh Binh , VN (越南寧平 陸龍灣泛舟).ppsxChung Yen Chang
This document provides a summary of a boat tour through the Trang An Scenic Landscape in Vietnam. It describes the various stops along the tour, including three caves, Vu Lam Temple, and Suoi Tien Temple. The boat travels through beautiful karst formations and passengers can see landscapes that resemble Halong Bay from the water. The tour takes approximately two hours and provides visitors with scenic views of the UNESCO World Heritage site from the boat.
Ninh Binh City is located 2 hours south of Hanoi in northern Vietnam. Bich Dong Pagoda, also known as Bich Dong Ancient Temple, is located in the southwest suburb of Ninh Binh City. The pagoda was built in the 10th century and consists of three levels of temples - upper, middle, and lower - built into the mountain according to Chinese style. Visitors can climb stone steps between the three levels to see Buddhist statues and cave shrines hidden in the mountainside.
1) The document provides a tour guide for visiting TiTop Island and Surprise Cave in Halong Bay. It describes attractions like the octagonal pavilion and beaches on TiTop Island and the stalactites and large caves found in Surprise Cave.
2) The tour includes climbing stone steps to reach viewpoints and caves, and taking a cruise between destinations. Photos are included to illustrate landmarks and scenery.
3) The document concludes by discussing transportation options like the cable car back from the cruise port building, highlighting the tour's full experience of Halong Bay's natural beauty.
The document provides a summary of a boat tour of Halong Bay in Vietnam. It describes traveling by cruise ship and speedboat to various landmarks in the bay, including Fighting Cock Rocks, Luon Cave, and TiTop Island. Photos show the unique karst landscape of islands, caves, and rock formations. The tour highlights the natural beauty of Halong Bay and gives a glimpse of some of the most famous attractions in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Tran Quoc Pagoda is located on a small island in West Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Hanoi, Vietnam. The pagoda contains many ancient Buddhist structures, including stupas and temples, some dating back thousands of years. It is famous as a sacred site that attracts many pilgrims and tourists. Visitors can see Chinese characters throughout, reflecting Vietnam's early use of the writing system, as well as a bodhi tree brought from India centuries ago.
36 Ancient Streets, Hanoi VN (越南河內 三十六古街).ppsxChung Yen Chang
The document summarizes a battery car tour route in Hanoi, Vietnam. The route begins at the Thang Long Water Puppet Theater and goes around Sword Lake, visiting sites along the way. It then tours the 36 Ancient Streets, providing details on locations, shops, and sights. The tour ends at St. Joseph's Church, known as the Little Notre Dame de Paris.
Confucius Temple & Imperial College, Hanoi VN (越南河內 文廟和國子監).ppsxChung Yen Chang
1) The document describes the layout and features of the Hanoi Confucius Temple in Vietnam.
2) It has a unique five-courtyard layout like the Confucius Temple in Qufu, China, with buildings like the Imperial College, Dacheng Hall, and Kuiwen Pavilion.
3) The temple grounds contain steles and artifacts that honor Confucius and Vietnamese scholars who passed the imperial examinations.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2. An-225 Mriya (which is referred to Dream from Ukrainian) is the heaviest airlift
cargo aircraft ever taken off in the sky. The maximum takeoff weight makes 640
tons. An-225 was designed, due to the necessity to create the air transport system
for the Soviet reusable Space Shuttle Buran. This is the only aircraft in the world.
3. The airplane was designed in USSR and manufactured by Kiev Mechanical Plant in 1988.
Mriya has set the absolute world record of takeoff weight and an airlifted total payload.
An-225 transported a payload of 156.3 tons on March 22, 1989 which broke 110 air world records.
This has become a world record in its turn.
4. Since its launch the aircraft has logged 3,740 flying hours. If the average flight speed is
equal to about 500 km per hour (taking into account takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and
approach to landing), it is possible to calculate approximate kilometer performance:
500 x 3,740 = 1,870,000 km. It is more than 46 circles around the Earth at the equator.
5. The size of An-225 is impressive. It is 84 m long and 18 m high (like 6-stored house
with 4 porches)
6. The obvious comparison of Mriya and Boeing-747.
If the largest Boeing 747-800 is taken as a basis, An-225 is 8 m longer and its
wingspan is 20 m larger.
Compared to Airbus A380, Mriya is 11 m longer, and its wingspan exceeds by 9 m.
7. Sometimes it happens that there is no appropriate parking for such a huge airplane
at an airport, and it is put right on the air strip. Of course, it refers to the secondary
runway if there is one at an airport.
8. The wingspan constitutes 88.4 m and wing area is 905 m².
The Hughes H-4 Hercules is the only aircraft which has a greater wingspan than An-225
and is referred to the flying boats class. The airplane flew only once in 1947. The history
of this aircraft is reflected in the film Aviator.
9. The aircraft was redesigned to fix cargo atop, as the Buran space shuttle and the
Energia rocket’s boosters had the size exceeded the Mriya freight area. Besides,
the aircraft was planned to be used as the first step to launch the shuttle.
10. The wake effect caused by oversize cargo mounted atop the aircraft required to set
twin-finned tail to avoid aerodynamic shading.
11. The aircraft has six D-18T engines.
Every engine has the takeoff thrust of 23.4 tons (or 230 kN) meaning that the total
thrust of all six engines constitutes 140.5 tons (1,380 kN)
12. It can be assumed that every engine has the takeoff power of about 12,500 hp!
13. An-225 has the same D-18T turbofans as An-124 Ruslan.
The height of an engine makes 3 m, width is 2.8 m and weight equals more than 4 tons.
14. The aircraft has automatic fly-by-wire air starting system. Auxiliary power plant
consisting of two TA-12 turbofans installed in the left and right chassis fairings
provides independent power to all systems and starts the engines.
15. Tank capacity constitutes 365 tons. Fuel is held in 13 wing integral tanks.
The aircraft can keep on flying for 18 hours and cover the distance of more
than 15,000 km.
16. Fueling time ranges from half an hour to one-and-a half day; the number of tankers
depends on their capacity (from 5 up to 50 tons), particularly, from 7 to 70 tankers.
17. Fuel consumption rate makes 15.9 tons per hour for a cruise flight.
When fully loaded, the aircraft can keep on flying without refueling for about 2 hours.
18. The chassis consists of the twin-strut nose gear and 14-strut main landing gear
(7 struts on each side).
Every strut has two wheels bringing the total of 32 wheels.
19. Wheels should be changed every 90 landings.
The tires for Mriya are produced in Yaroslavl tyre plant. The price for one tire is
equal to about $ 1,000.
20. The wheels of the nose and main landing gear have the size of 1,120 x 450 mm and
1,270 x 510 mm, respectively.
Tire pressure makes 12 atmospheres.
21. Since 2001 An-225 has been performing commercial airlifting flights for
“Antonov Airlines”.
22. As for the size of cargo compartment, its length is 43 m, its width is equal to 6.4 m and
height is 4.4 m.
The cargo compartment is pressurized which allows transporting different types of
cargo.16 standard containers, about 80 passenger cars or even large trucks like Belaz
can be loaded inside the cargo compartment. There is enough space for Boeing-737 to
be placed inside.
23. Retracting nose part of the aircraft allows easy access to the cargo compartment.
25. The aircraft kneels to unfold the ramp which is called “Elephant’s bow”.
The nose gear leans forward, and the weight is shifted to the support gear
which is installed under the doorstep of the cargo compartment.
28. This way of loading has a number of advantages, compared to Boeing-747
which is loaded through the side cargo door.
29. Mriya holds the absolute world record in terms of its carrying capacity: it has transported
247 tons of commercial item which is 4 times larger than Boeing-747 payload capacity,
187.6 tons of commercial single item and ultra-heavy cargo of 253.8 tons. The longest
item in the history of airlifting - two blades of wind generator each of which is 42.1m long
- was transported by An-225 on June 10, 2010.
30. To ensure the flight safety, the aircraft’s gravity center with a load must be arranged
within the certain limits of its length. The load master arranges items according to the
instruction. Then, the first officer checks the arrangement and reports to the captain
who bears the responsibility for making a final decision about performing a flight.
31. The aircraft is equipped with onboard loading complex which consists of four
lifting mechanisms. Every mechanism has 5 tons of carrying capacity.
Besides, there are two ground winches for loading non self-moving vehicles
and cargo on loading ramp.
32. This time An-225 has been freighted by the French engineering company
Alstom to deliver the items of 170 tons from the Swiss Zurich to Bahrain with
refueling in Athens and Cairo.
33. These are the turbine rotor, turbo generator to produce electricity and their components.
35. The tow bar used for other airplanes is impossible to use for towing An-225; therefore,
the tow bar for the aircraft is taken onboard.
The aircraft requires full kneeling on the nose support gear to load and unload the tow
bar through the nose loading door, because the aircraft is not equipped with the rear
loading door. As a result, the loading time increases up to 30 minutes, and the
airframe life and the kneeling system of the aircraft are unreasonably wasted.
41. Passenger compartment is divided into two parts: flight compartment occupies the
front part and maintenance and accompanying personnel compartment is in the rear
part of the aircraft.
Cabin pressurization is separate; they are divided by a wing.
42. Maintenance compartment is designed for having meal, working with technical
documents and holding a conference.
There are 18 seats for the crew and engineers which account for 6 seats in the
front cabin and 12 seats in the rear part.
43. The ladder and access door for accompanying persons in the rear cabin.
44. Technical compartment is situated in the rear part of cabin crew.
On the racks there are the blocks providing the operation of different systems,
pressurizing and air conditioning ducts as well as deicing systems. All systems of
the aircraft are highly automatic and do not require crew intervention. Their work
is provided by 34 onboard computers.
45. The center section front spar. The transmission of wing slats and pipelines of
bleed air from the engines are installed in it (top down).
There are fixed balloons of fire-protection system with “Halon” fire extinguisher.
46. The labels are the souvenirs presented by numerous visitors and sticked to a
side of escape hatch.
47. The Tahiti island, a part of the French Polynesia, is the most distant point from
the base airport where the aircraft has ever performed flights to.
The distance along the shortest arc of the globe is about 16,400 km.
49. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mason referred to in the engraving is the aircraft
maintenance engineer who was working on Mriya for a very long time.
50. Vladimir Yurievich Mosin is the captain of the aircraft.
The captain of An-225 must be a person who has flown on An-124 as a captain
for at least 5 years beforehand.
51. Weight and balance control is simplified by the load measuring system
mounted on the chassis frame.
52. The crew of the aircraft includes 6 members: captain, first officer, navigator,
chief flight engineer, flight engineer of onboard equipment and radio operator.
53. Throttle control levers.
The aircraft is provided with remote engine control systems to reduce the force on
the throttle control levers and to increase the accuracy while setting engine modes.
A pilot applies relatively little efforts to move the lever of electromechanical
instrument with the help of wire ropes. This instrument mounted on the engine
reproduces this movement on the lever of the fuel regulator with the necessary
effort and accuracy. The throttle levers of outer engines 1 and 6 are engaged with 2
and 5, respectively, for convenient operation at takeoff and landing.
54. A control wheel of the biggest aircraft in the world.
The aircraft control is hydraulic which means that control surfaces are deflected solely
by means of hydraulic steering gear which failure makes it impossible to control the
aircraft manually (with an increase of required effort). Therefore, quadruple
redundancy is applied. The mechanical part of the control system (from steering
wheel and pedals to the hydraulic steering gear) consists of rigid rods and wire ropes.
The aileron control system in the fuselage which is about 30 meters, each half-wing
(left or right) which equals approximately 35 meters and the elevator and rudder
control systems that are about 65 meters each make the total length of these ropes.
55. If the aircraft is unloaded, the airstrip of 2,400 m is enough for takeoff and landing.
3,500 m is required for takeoff and 3,300 m - for landing with maximum load.
56. Engine warm-up which takes about 10 minutes starts at lineup.
Thus, engine stall at takeoff is avoided, and the aircraft is provided with the
maximum thrust capacity of engines. Undoubtedly, this requirement leads to the
fact that the aircraft takes off when an airport has minimal workload or the aircraft
has to wait its turn to take off for a long time giving the way to scheduled flights.
57. The takeoff and landing speed depends on the weight of the aircraft and ranges
from 240 km/h up to 280 km/h.
62. The central instrument panel of pilots.
The standby instruments are horizon and altitude indicators, throttle position
indicator, engine thrust indicator, indicators of control surfaces and landing gear
deflection (slaps, flaps and spoilers).
63. The instrument panel of the chief flight engineer.
There is the side panel with the control of hydraulic system and landing gear
position panel in the lower left corner. The top left panel is the fire protection system
of the aircraft. The top right panel with control devices contains the starter of the
auxiliary power unit, pressurization, air conditioning and deicing systems and the
signal board. The bottom panel has the fuel and engine control systems as well as
the onboard automated monitoring system of all aircraft parameters.
65. Engine control panel.
Top left is the throttle position vertical indicator. The large round instruments are
engine fan and high pressure compressor indicators. The small round instruments
are oil temperature indicators at the engine inlet. The block of the vertical
instruments at the bottom is the oil indicator in the oil tanks of the engine.
66. The flight engineer’s control panel of onboard equipment.
Here are the instruments for monitoring the power supply system and the
aircraft oxygen system.
70. Gennady Yurievich Antipov is the radio operator.
The call sign of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for An-225
on the route Zurich – Athens is ADB-3038.
74. The air strip of the airport in Athens.
Mriya performs instrument landing at night and visual from flare-out altitude to
landing. According to the crew, landing in Kabul is the most difficult one which is
connected with highlands and numerous obstacles. Landing approach starts at the
speed of 340 km/h down to 200 m, then the aircraft gradually drops the speed.
75. The aircraft performs flapless landing at 295 km/h. Runway touchdown at the
vertical speed of 6 m/s is allowed. After touchdown, a thrust reverser is deployed
from the engines 2 to 5 immediately, and 1 and 6 engines are left idling. The aircraft
slowdowns at 140-150 km/h up to full stop.
76.
77. The lifespan of the airplane is 8,000 flying hours, 2,000
takeoff-landings or 25 calendar years.
The aircraft can perform flights up to December 21, 2013.
It is the 25th anniversary of the aircraft since its setting in
operation. Then, the aircraft will be carried out the detailed
investigation of its technical conditions and necessary
services to extend the aircraft’s lifespan up to 45 years.
78. Due to high air transportation costs by An-225, the orders appear only for very long or
ultra-heavy load, when carrying by ground transport is impossible. Flights are random
and occur from 2-3 times a month up to 1-2 times a year. Sometimes the construction of
the second An-225 is discussed, but for this purpose corresponding order and financing
are required. About $ 90 million is necessary to complete the construction of the aircraft.
Taking into account the aircraft testing costs, this sum increases up to $ 120 million.
79. Perhaps, this aircraft is one of the most beautiful and impressive airplanes in the world.
80. All data were derived from following website.
http://gelio.livejournal.com/193025.html
Thanks to “Antonov Airlines” for the help in organizing photography!
Let me remind you that the Russian-language version of this post can be found here:
http://gelio.livejournal.com/191632.html
http://www.slideshare.net/changcy0326
Music : Wind beneath my wings - Floyd Cramer piano