The document defines and describes various parts of an aircraft including control surfaces like the aileron and elevator that control rolling and pitching movements, other components like the horizontal and vertical stabilizers that provide stability, and various high-lift devices such as flaps, spoilers and slats. It also mentions the cockpit, landing gear, engines and related components, and additional elements like winglets and vortex generators that influence aerodynamics and performance.

6. • Aileron: To roll left & right.
• Aileron Trim: To roll left & right a little.
• Anti-Collision Warning Beacon: A red light to warn other aircraft
and help prevent mid-air collisions.
• A.P.U. Exhaust: This is the exhaust pipe for the A.P.U. (Auxiliary
Power Unit). The A.P.U. is an engine in the tail of the aircraft. It is
used only on the ground. It generates electrical power for the
aircraft and is used to start the jet engines.
• Cockpit / Flight Deck: In this room, pilots aviate, communicate, and
navigate.
• Elevator Trim: To pitch up & down a little.
• Engine Cowling: The main cover or housing of the engine.
• Engine Mounting: Used to fix the engine to the wing.

7. Flap: To increase lift during take-off and
landing. Pilots extend the flaps to increase the
wing's area. This increases the lift.
Fuselage: The body or structure of the aircraft.
Horizontal Stabiliser: Stabilises the aircraft
around the lateral axis.
Landing Gear: Pilots extend or retract the
landing gear (wheels) during take-off and
landing.
Leading Edge: Front section of the wing.
Main Elevator: To pitch up & down.

8. • Main Rudder: To yaw (turn) left & right.
• Nose Gear: The front wheels of the aircraft. Aircraft also have MAIN GEAR
(wheels under the aircraft's wings) and sometimes BODY GEAR (wheels
under the aircraft's body).
• Propeller: Gives an aircraft thrust or power.
• Pylons: Used to stabilise the air flow behind the wing. Without pylons, the
air is unstable. This makes drag, and reduces the aircraft's speed and
performance.
• Radome: The aircraft's radar is inside the radome or nose of the aircraft.
• Rudder Trim: To yaw left & right a little.
• Speed Brakes / Air Brakes: Used to slow the plane in the air and while
landing.
• Spoilers: Used to destroy lift and keep the plane on the ground. This is
important while landing. Without spoilers, the plane bounces on the
runway. This can damage the landing gear. Some pilots prefer hard
landings to help prevent bounce.

9. • Stabiliser Trim: To increase the angle of attack (A.O.A.).
Basically, the angle of attack is the angle the wing hits the
air.
• Trailing Edge: Back section of the wing.
• Vertical Stabiliser: Stabilises the aircraft around the vertical
axis.
• Vortex Generator: Used to create lift in areas of the wing
that have no or very little lift, for example, next to the
engine mounting.
• Winglet: Used to reduce the vortex at the end of the wing. A
vortex is unstable circular air. It makes drag, and reduces the
aircraft's speed and performance.
• Wing Tip: The end or tip of the wing.