This presentation gives an overview of various aspects relevant to sustainable aquaculture. it consists of 3 sections:
- what is aquaculture
- threats, challenges & opportunities
- conclusions
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Design and construction of a fish hatchery complexMD. ZANE ALAM
A marine fish breeding centre is a complex facility. Because of its zootechnical characteristics, during the production season proper hatchery management requires uncommon skills and total dedication by well-trained personnel. Therefore, in designing a fish hatchery only those technical solutions that offer the best guarantees in terms of reliability, ease of use, production capacity, hygienic working conditions and cost effectiveness have to be used.
Gross mistakes in design and/or construction can risk a full production season even before it is started. In addition, temporary solutions always carry the risk of far from optimal rearing conditions, leading to disease outbreaks in fish larvae.
This second part of the manual deals with the principles and guidelines for the design and construction of a commercial hatchery for gilthead seabream and seabass.
This chapter describes how to calculate the size of the hatchery and how to select the appropriate site. It also deals with the design of production facilities. The function and the selection of hatchery systems and technical equipment are also described, focusing on the most widely adopted technical solutions in Mediterranean hatcheries. Special attention is given to the description of the seawater intake, and to water distribution, recirculation and treatment systems, as they are among the most sensitive components of the hatchery.
fish nutrition and feeding of fish. different methods of feeding fish. fish feeding behavior. daily feed requirements for fish. storage and selection of quality feeds keeping records of fish feeding and feeder types for fish. FCR and Uniform growth of fish are the ultimate goals to be achieved. university of veterinary and animal sciences Lahore.
Design and construction of a fish hatchery complexMD. ZANE ALAM
A marine fish breeding centre is a complex facility. Because of its zootechnical characteristics, during the production season proper hatchery management requires uncommon skills and total dedication by well-trained personnel. Therefore, in designing a fish hatchery only those technical solutions that offer the best guarantees in terms of reliability, ease of use, production capacity, hygienic working conditions and cost effectiveness have to be used.
Gross mistakes in design and/or construction can risk a full production season even before it is started. In addition, temporary solutions always carry the risk of far from optimal rearing conditions, leading to disease outbreaks in fish larvae.
This second part of the manual deals with the principles and guidelines for the design and construction of a commercial hatchery for gilthead seabream and seabass.
This chapter describes how to calculate the size of the hatchery and how to select the appropriate site. It also deals with the design of production facilities. The function and the selection of hatchery systems and technical equipment are also described, focusing on the most widely adopted technical solutions in Mediterranean hatcheries. Special attention is given to the description of the seawater intake, and to water distribution, recirculation and treatment systems, as they are among the most sensitive components of the hatchery.
fish nutrition and feeding of fish. different methods of feeding fish. fish feeding behavior. daily feed requirements for fish. storage and selection of quality feeds keeping records of fish feeding and feeder types for fish. FCR and Uniform growth of fish are the ultimate goals to be achieved. university of veterinary and animal sciences Lahore.
WP6 Stakeholder involvement at Aquatnet Annual Event 2014Jean Dhont
Workpackage 'Stakeholder involvement' at Aquatnet Anual Event 2014, Malta.
Aquatnet is the European Thematic Network on higher education in aquaculture and aquatic resource management. This network is funded by the European Commission LIfelong Learning Programme.
Infosheet on the Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference CenterJean Dhont
A brief description of research, education and services in the domain of aquaculture by the Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
This is a presentation made before Planning commission Member in 2011. Outlines briefly ten steps for upstreaming the professional fisheries education in India
Introducing the Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent U...Jean Dhont
The Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center of Ghent University is a leading research and education center specialised in larval nutrition of aquatic organisms, microbial management, disease control, Artemia fundamental and applied research
Rotifers - They often evoke a love-hate relationship, but you just can’t get ...International Aquafeed
The green water encouraged by the traditional carp farmers in the Far East and then Europe would be rich with live infusoria including cilates and freshwater rotifers for first feeding. The marine fish industry has had to look at marine rotifers and recreating the plankton soup as many larval species are too small to take newly hatched Artemia. The leading research labs using fish in medical and ecotoxicology projects that have relied upon lab-grown Paramecia cultures are revisiting rotifer culture to maximise fry survival rates.
The Growth of Microalgae in Shrimp Hatchery: Impact of Environment on Nutriti...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
The early mortality syndrome (EMS) in shrimp has been ravaging production systems, spreading vertically in Asia and horizontally to countries as far away as Mexico since first reported in 2009.
1.The poultry accounts for about 2% of the gross domestic product.
2.It has grown rapidly at the rate of 4 to 6% in layers and 8 to 10 % broliers.
3.During the past 2 decades the poultry industry has provided direct employment to about 9 lakhs and given rise to man allied industry.
A Presentation on " Corporate Role in Preparedness and Relief / Humanitarian ...CDRN
A Presentation on " Corporate Role in Preparedness and Relief / Humanitarian Relief " by Mr. Ranju Anthony, Manager - Vestergaard Frandsen at Workshop on Preparedness & Response for Emergencies and Times of Natural Disaster, Patna, Bihar - India, Organised By :-Corporate Disaster Resource Network, For Report please go to :-http://www.cdrn.org.in"
The potential of microalgae meals in compound feeds for aquacultureInternational Aquafeed
Intensive production of mainly carnivorous fish has resulted in fish feeds containing high levels of fishmeal and fish oil, with Europe requiring around 1.9 million tonnes a year. Although this use of fishmeal was initially the recycling of waste from fishing through the use of bycatch and trimmings, due to the rapid development of aquaculture this reliance on fishmeal and fish oil is environmentally unsustainable. This has resulted in other sources of fish feed being investigated. This literature review will focus on microalgae; the composition in terms of nutritional quality, the current methods of production and associated costs along with potential future uses such as feed in aquaculture.
Study of Automated and Controlled Aquaponics System An Innovative and Integra...ijtsrd
At the moment, an attempt has been made to adapt, adapt and automate the Aquaponics System technology for the benefit of farmers and to tackle key issues such as food safety and water scarcity. Aquaponics is a combination of aquaculture, which is growing fish and other aquatic animals, and hydroponics which is growing plants without soil. Aquaponics uses these two in a symbiotic combination in which plants are fed the aquatic animal's discharge or waste. In return, the vegetables clean the water that goes back to the fish. Along with the fish and their waste, microbes play an important role to the nutrition of the plants. These beneficial bacteria gather in the spaces between the roots of the plant and converts the fish waste and the solids into substances the plants can use to grow. Aquaponics considered a sustainable production system. It presents a series of beneficial features for the environment such as land conservation, efficient use of water and nutrients, organic fertilization, produce the highest yield on a field, no floor is required, environmental benefits etc. This study describes the overall design and working, list of the component required, cost involved in the setup, maintenance, and operation, advantages and disadvantages of the system. A automatic prototype has also proposed to created a to test the system sustainability. Sanjeev Kumar | Manvendra Singh | Nitika Rai ""Study of Automated and Controlled Aquaponics System: An Innovative & Integrated Way of Farming"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29945.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29945/study-of-automated-and-controlled-aquaponics-system-an-innovative-and-integrated-way-of-farming/sanjeev-kumar
Aquaponics require only 5% of the usual water intake for growing Food, Feed, Herbs, Fish and other high-value agri products. It is a revolutionary concept already adopted by UAE by creating one of the largest farms in the world. Interesting reading and great business potential.
Aquaponics Systems for the Production of TomatoesGroup Ka.docxfestockton
Aquaponics Systems
for the
Production of Tomatoes
Group: Kadavu
Members: Michelle Angus, Jane Coneybeer, Chun Chuen Li, Felipe Salvador, Victoria Tycholis
Aquaponics Introduction
Aquaponics: aquaculture and hydroponics combined in a symbiotic relationship for the combined purpose of raising fish and produce with fewer dependencies.
Core Relationship
Excretions from the biological processes of fish provide nutrients for plants
Plants filter toxins out of water for the health of the fish stock
Key Components
Fish tank
Fish species that can live in high density populations (Ex. Tilapia)
Buoyant grow bed with growing medium (i.e. gravel, foam, etc.).
Biofilter containing bacteria (Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas) for nitrification
Circulation system and plumbing
Monitoring equipment
Advantages over conventional farming
Accelerated plant growth rate
Year-round production
Independent from soil
Highly water efficient
Reduced fertilizer dependency and pollution
Versitile location potential
Crews, Antoine. Figure 5. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 29 Apr. 2016, web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-050316-101235/unrestricted/Final_Report.pdf.
Slide 1: Victoria Tycholis
Aquaponics is an agricultural system which combines aquaculture and hydroponics in a symbiotic relationship. The result of this integration is edible fish and fresh produce from a single operation (Palm).
Aquaponics relies on two core ecological relationships. One is between the fish and plants raised. Fish raised in tanks make excretions that enter the system’s re-circulated water. The so-called “waste water” from the fish tank delivers bio-available nutrients directly to the bare roots of the crop plants; this circumvents the soil-root contact normally required to deliver nutrient-laden water. By the absorbing action of crop roots, the plants provide a filtering service to the fish. This allows for clean, habitable water for the fish to continue developing and breeding in.
The second ecological relationship is between bacteria and plants, which enables the first relationship. Bacteria “fix” the nitrogen that plants need by nitrification. The bacteria take the ammonia from fish excrement and convert it into nitrite then nitrate. Two groups of bacteria are required to make the nitrogen in fish excrement available. Nitrosomonas convert the ammonia into nitrite. Nitrobacter then convert the nitrite into nitrate (Nelson). For the farmer, these relationships mean that fertilizer is essentially being produced on-property. The enclosed nature of the entire system means that the farmer doesn’t have to worry about polluting the environment with fertilizer run-off.
The key components of an aquaponics system are as follows: The first component is one or more large fish tanks; the fish that are raised must be able to grow quickly and unencumbered by high population densities, such as tilapia. The second component is buoyant growing beds filled with growing medium such as ...
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
1. slide 1 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Jean Dhont, Patrick Sorgeloos
Laboratorium voor Aquacultuur
Faculteit Bio-Ingenieurswetenschappen
Universiteit Gent
DE WEG NAAR DUURZAME AQUACULTUUR
Gent, 4 Maart 2011
2. slide 2 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
• WHAT IS AQUACULTURE
• CHALLENGES, THREATS AND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
AQUACULTURE
• CONCLUSIONS
3. slide 3 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
“Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms.”
Food and
Agriculture
Organization
of the
United Nations
DEFINITION OF AQUACULTURE
Farming implies some
form of intervention in
the rearing process to
enhance production.
Farming also implies
individual or corporate
ownership of the stock
being cultivated.
5. slide 5 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
AGRI-CULTURE AQUA-CULTURE
HUNTING FISHERIES
6. slide 6 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
AGRI-CULTURE AQUA-CULTURE
HUNTING FISHERIES
7. slide 7 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Oceans
70%
Crops
5%
Pasture
7%
Forest
9%
Other
9% (cities 1.5%)
Global resources
from Cunningham, “Knowledge Based Bio-Economy towards 2020”
Brussels, September 14, 2010
8. slide 8 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
GLOBAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND FOOD SUPPLY
total bioproduction
contribution to
food supply
terrestrial
marine
from Field et al. (1998) and Duarte et al. (2009)
plants & animals
fisheries & aquaculture
plants & animals
proteins
quantity
16 % of proteins
2 % in quantity
10. slide 10 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Aquatic plants Crustaceans Fish Other Molluscs
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY SPECIES GROUP & ENVIRONMENT
Marine
33 Mt
Freshwater
31 Mt
Brackish
3 Mt
FAO, 2010
11. slide 11 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
DOMESTICATION OF TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC PLANTS
AND ANIMALS
Duarte et al, 2007, Science
12. slide 12 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Traditional aquaculture
Industrial aquaculture
• Family livelihood
• Low technology
• Labour intensive
• Technology driven
• Profitability
• High energy &
resource input
13. slide 13 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Pond culture
14. slide 14 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Integrated fish culture
with rice
with goat
with chicken
15. slide 15 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
mussel farming
scallop farming
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
extractive mollusc farming
16. slide 16 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
red and brown
algae farming in China
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
17. slide 17 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
monoculture approach
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
industrial aquaculture
18. slide 18 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Cage culture (open sea)
19. slide 19 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Courtesy Nutreco
Courtesy Harache
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Pond culture (land-based)
20. slide 20 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Courtesy Harache
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Pond culture (land-based)
21. slide 21 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Photo Eding
Photo SchneiderPhoto Schrama
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Indoor culture
22. slide 22 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
PANGASIUS CATFISH FARMING IN VIETNAM
> 1,000,000 TONS/YEAR
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
23. slide 23 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
12,000 ton/yr salmon farm in Norway operated by <10 people
CULTURE PRINCIPLES
Salmon farming
24. slide 24 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Aquaculture production per species group
FAO, 2010
FACTS & FIGURES
25. slide 25 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
by quantity
by value
FAO, 2009
Aquaculture production per regionFACTS & FIGURES
26. slide 26 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
• WHAT IS AQUACULTURE
• CHALLENGES, THREATS AND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
AQUACULTURE
• CONCLUSIONS
28. slide 28 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
World population increase
+ Average living standard increase
= Increased demand for seafood
FAO, 2008
29. slide 29 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
• In 2008, the world consumed 115
million tonnes of seafood, 46%
originated from aquaculture.
• Ten years from now, aquaculture
will need to produce 28.8 million
tonnes more per year than current
annual production
30. slide 30 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Annual production growth rate for the period 1980-1990
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
percent
Aquacultuur
Zeevisserij
Eieren
Melk
Gevogelte
Varkensvlees
Rundsvlees
Soja
Peulvruchten
Mais
Tarwe
Rijst
Wereldbevolking
31. slide 31 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Contribution of aquaculture to world fish consumption during 1970-2008
32. slide 32 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Fishing = hunting Overfishing
33. slide 33 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
OVERFISHING
34. slide 34 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
OVERFISHING
35. slide 35 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
PROVIDE HEALTHY & TASTY SEAFOOD AT A CORRECT PRICE
Guarantee an equitable
income for the farmers
Produce affordable
standard products
Cater both for low-end
and top-end consumers
MARKETING !!
36. slide 36 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
- Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
- protection of vulnerable groups (small family held farms, ...)
- (fair) trade regulations
PROVIDE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR:
37. slide 37 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
... except maybe:
• habitat degradation and destruction (eg. mangrove)
• competition for clean water
• impact on bio-diversity
• pressure on fish meal and fish oil
• biosecurity issues
• ...
no problems...
38. slide 38 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
• poikilothermic
• reduced energy required
for getting food
• efficient food conversion
• rapid growth
• high reproductive capacity
• live in 3-dimensional
environment
• polyculture
• complex life cycle
• large number of species
• limited knowledge of:
reproductive biology,
dietary requirements,
disease control, ...
• slow metabolism/slow
growth rate
• respiratory needs
• toxic excretion product
• fast disease transmission
CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUATIC PRODUCTION
39. slide 39 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
1. Complete independence from natural stocks through DOMESTICATION
2. Improved / more cost-effective SEED PRODUCTION
3. Better targeted SPECIES SELECTION
4. Development of more efficient stocks through SELECTIVE BREEDING
5. More MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT for more sustainable production
6. Better understanding of IMMUNE SYSTEMS in vertebrates and
invertebrates
7. More INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS for plant and animal farming
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS of food and energy
9. Full independence from fisheries stocks for LIPID AND PROTEIN
INGREDIENTS in aquatic feeds
10. More attention for INTEGRATION of restocking activities with FISHERIES
management
40. slide 40 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
1. Complete independence from natural stocks through
DOMESTICATION
Natural life cycle of penaeid shrimp
41. slide 41 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
1. Complete independence from natural stocks through
DOMESTICATION
42. slide 42 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
2. Improved / more cost-effective SEED PRODUCTION
43. slide 43 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
2. Improved / more cost-effective SEED PRODUCTION
44. slide 44 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
3. Better targeted SPECIES SELECTION for bulk & niche markets
45. slide 45 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
4. Development of more efficient stocks through SELECTIVE BREEDING
wild stock
domesticated
stock
breeding program
genetic
improvement
breeding
objectives
genetic
variation
• disease resistance
• growth rate
• size / quality
• feed conversion
• fecundity
• ease of domestication
46. slide 46 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
5. More MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT for more sustainable production
6. Better understanding of IMMUNE SYSTEMS
DISEASE PREVENTION
DISEASE TREATMENT
(antibiotics)
47. slide 47 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Seafood chainAgriculture food chain
“Eaters of
wolf eaters”
“Wolf eaters”
Wolf
Cow
Rice
Corn
.
Macro-
algae
Grains
Grasses
Vegetables
Fruits
1st Trophic
Level
4th TL
3rd TL
5th TL
2nd TL
Laminaria
japonica
Mussels
Tuna
Sea bream
Herring
What do humans
feed on?
Human trophic
level?
Level:
1 - 2
Level:
3 -4
7. Farming & eating DOWN THE FOOD CHAIN
48. slide 48 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
7. Farming & eating DOWN THE FOOD CHAIN
49. slide 49 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Ecosystem-based polyculture of different carp species in China
7. More INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS for plant and animal farming
50. slide 50 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
7. More INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS for plant and animal farming
51. slide 51 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
52. slide 52 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
EXTRACTIVE aquaculture
nutrient recycling
FED aquaculture
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
53. slide 53 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)
- for food production
- for bioremediation
maximizing nutrient recycling for different niches of the ecosystem:
fish, shellfish & seaweeds
54. slide 54 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Integration of culture of different trophic levels
MACROALGAE
MUSSELS
FINFISH
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
55. slide 55 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
8 km
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
56. slide 56 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
57. slide 57 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
- )
Energy generation
(wind, wave, thermal)
8. COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS for food and energy
58. slide 58 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
The fish meal / fish oil contradiction
9. Full independence from fisheries stocks for LIPID AND PROTEIN
INGREDIENTS in aquaculture feeds
59. slide 59 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
more attention for integration of restocking activities with fisheries
management through multidisciplinary cooperation: oceanography,
marine biology, fisheries & aquaculture
10. INTEGRATION of restocking activities with FISHERIES management
• juvenile fitness
• releasing strategies
• impact on wild stocks
60. slide 60 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
Belgium
Netherlands
UK
10. INTEGRATION of restocking activities with FISHERIES management
61. slide 61 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
• WHAT IS AQUACULTURE
• CHALLENGES, THREATS AND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
AQUACULTURE
• CONCLUSIONS
62. slide 62 of 63Duurzame aquacultuur - Jean Dhont
• Aquaculture is a complex and diverse sector
• The growing demand for healthy and
affordable seafood can only be met by further
increase in aquaculture production
• Aquaculture faces considerable challenges that
call for supportive policy, continued
technological progress and adequate marketing