The document discusses the application of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in fish farming. RAS filter and recycle water from fish tanks through a treatment process before returning it to the tanks. This allows for high fish stocking densities while using little water. Key components of RAS include fish tanks, mechanical and biological filtration to remove waste, and oxygenation. RAS provide environmental and production benefits over other systems but also have higher capital and operating costs due to the water treatment infrastructure required.
This presentation help you to get the information about the integrated multi trophic aquaculture system. IMTA is best technology for environment sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability.
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
This presentation help you to get the information about the integrated multi trophic aquaculture system. IMTA is best technology for environment sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability.
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
Fish can be cultured in one of four culture systems: ponds, raceways, recirculating systems or cages. A cage or net pen is a system that confines the fish or shellfish in a mesh enclosure.
What is the stocking density of fish in semi intensive cultureihn FreeStyle Corp.
Stocking Density: Stocking density also known as per-unit stocking amount or stocking rate, refers to the quantity of fry or fingerlings per unit of water area.
Poly Culture: The concept of poly culture of fish is based on the concept of total utilization of different trophic and spatial niches of a pond in order to obtain maximum fish production per unit area. Different compatible species of fish of different trophic and spatial niches are raised together in the same pond to utilize all sorts of natural food available in the pond.
Semi Intensive Culture: Semi-intensive culture systems depend largely on natural food which is increased over baseline levels by fertilization and/or use of supplementary feed to complement natural food.
integrated fish farming system;ecosystem of IFFs;History of IFFs paddy rice-fish system;duck-fish system; poultry-fish system; Goat or sheep-fish system; seri-fish culture; mushroom-fish culture; vermicompost-fish system; agri-fish system; livestock-fish system; facts and status of integrated fish farming system;
Fish can be cultured in one of four culture systems: ponds, raceways, recirculating systems or cages. A cage or net pen is a system that confines the fish or shellfish in a mesh enclosure.
What is the stocking density of fish in semi intensive cultureihn FreeStyle Corp.
Stocking Density: Stocking density also known as per-unit stocking amount or stocking rate, refers to the quantity of fry or fingerlings per unit of water area.
Poly Culture: The concept of poly culture of fish is based on the concept of total utilization of different trophic and spatial niches of a pond in order to obtain maximum fish production per unit area. Different compatible species of fish of different trophic and spatial niches are raised together in the same pond to utilize all sorts of natural food available in the pond.
Semi Intensive Culture: Semi-intensive culture systems depend largely on natural food which is increased over baseline levels by fertilization and/or use of supplementary feed to complement natural food.
integrated fish farming system;ecosystem of IFFs;History of IFFs paddy rice-fish system;duck-fish system; poultry-fish system; Goat or sheep-fish system; seri-fish culture; mushroom-fish culture; vermicompost-fish system; agri-fish system; livestock-fish system; facts and status of integrated fish farming system;
I am uploading the Presentation on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Tilapia is 3rd largest most prefered fish in world which is cultured in 75 countries. This presentation may be helpful to the students of Aquaculture.
You need to produce your fish with some advantages when comparing your product to the market in general, that is, if you want to be successful. Recirculation is a technology in growth and a major factor in economic production and as an overall control of particles.
Marketing is the action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. With the development of aquaclture, marketing strategies are needed.
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY: The use of feed in recirculating aquaculture systems...International Aquafeed
One of the greatest operating costs in aquaculture is the use of commercial feed pellets, which can comprise of up to 50-60 percent of total expense in some farms.
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
Aquaponics (/ˈækwəˈpɒnɪks/) refers to any system that combines conventional a...Ashish sahu
Aquaponics (/ˈækwəˈpɒnɪks/) refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.
Aquaponics require only 5% of the usual water intake for growing Food, Feed, Herbs, Fish and other high-value agri products. It is a revolutionary concept already adopted by UAE by creating one of the largest farms in the world. Interesting reading and great business potential.
- The importance of Aquaculture.
- The most important spices cultured organisms.
- Environmental impacts of aquaculture and how to reduce it.
- Modern systems for more sustainable aquaculture.
A new way of farming! Grow Fish, Grow Vegetables at the same time, saving water, time, space , efforts and all ORGANIC.
Read this presentation to know more about it.
Introduction to Recirculating Aeration System - AirOxi TubeAirOxi Tube
A RAS is perfect solution for fish farming on land, we manufacture aeration tubes to help this system to perform better. With our tubes you can attain a better rate of DO in a short span of time. For more information visit: http://www.airoxitube.com/aeration-tubing-products/airoxi-tubes/
Aquaponics is a farming technology that combines the advantages of intensive aquaculture and hydroponics in a recirculating aquaculture system. This depends on WATER. No soil is used.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Introduction
Recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) flows from a fish
tank through a treatment process and is then returned to the
tank, hence the term recirculating aquaculture systems.
RAS technology has steadily developed over the past 30 years
and is widely used for bloodstock management, in hatcheries
and increasingly for salmon production.
Recirculating systems filter and clean the water for recycling
back through fish culture tanks.
A filtering (biofilter) system is necessary to purify the water
and remove or detoxify harmful waste products and uneaten
feed.
Recirculation systems also occupy very little area and require
little water consumption compared to other forms of
aquaculture.
5. Fig. Schematic of a recirculating aquaculture system consisting of
shrimp culture system and water treatment system.
6. Recirculation systems are becoming increasingly popular as
they provide a predictable and constant environment for
growing fish. Species of fish that can be cultured within
recirculation systems include barramundi, Murray cod, Silver
perch, snapper and eels plus a number of other species.
Recirculation systems occupy a very small area and allow the
grower to stock fish at high densities and produce high yields
per unit area.
7. Necessity of recirculation
The Recirculatory system is necessary to reduce the risk of
disease/ parasite infections considerably.
Oxygen can be replenished through aeration and most of the
carbon di-oxide is dissipated, the removal of metabolic
products especially ammonia involve more complex system.
This system of farming highly improves survival and growth
performance of fish due to high degree of control over the
water quality.
This system eliminates water quality problems.
Recirculation of waste-loaded pond water reduces potential
pollutants which assures the availability of quality water for
fish farming where the source of fresh water is limited.
8. Application of recirculation
The use of RAS technology is already increasing in the
Scottish salmon industry and further investment in this area
will almost certainly be essential for the successful future of
the industry.
There is a long-term threat to the industry from RAS
technology being adopted closer to major markets, but this
should be seen as an incentive to continue to innovate for cost
competitiveness using the natural resources available in
Scotland.
The first European RAS farmed salmon to be delivered to
market had a 20-30% higher production cost compared to the
most efficient cage farm in Norway.
The USA, which relies almost entirely on imports to meet its
demand for salmon, also has one of the largest markets for
premium seafood products.
9. China and SE Asia also represent important emergent
markets. Recent European salmon and sea bass RAS start-ups
are already targeting these markets and this is central to their
business plans.
10. Types of Recirculatory system
1. Zero-water exchange system
Zero-water discharge , sludge removal
and fish culture. Each system includes
the three numbers of one hectare fish
grow-out pond, one hectare water
treatment pond for culture of fish and
bivalves.
Cement cistern for sedimentation of
phytoplankton, a sludge-setting pond,
sludge-drying bed is removed from
grow-out ponds through the setting
pond.
In this system, fish is stocked in each
pond at the rate varying between
8,000-10,000 /ha.
11. In-pond treatment system
In this system, remove the excess
algae and suspended solids for
mussels.
Four aerators are placed in such a
way that the pond water is
circulated and at the same time
waste materials are concentrated
at the centre of the culture pond.
12. Pond-in-pond Recirculatory
system
This system consists of two ponds ,
the pond is utilized for intensive
culture and the second one is for
extensive farming.
The intensive pond is somewhat
deeper than the extensive one and is
provided with paddle wheel aerators.
Different species of fish such as
carps, fresh water prawn and bivalves
are stocked in extensive pond at
lower densities.
13. Drainage canal system
In this system, fish farm is
circumscribed by a number of
canals. These canals and farm
ponds are filled up with water and
the water allowed to stand for three
months.
Water of the drainage canal is then
circulated to the pond via the
supply canal. The canals are
provided with a number of aerators
for aeration of the water.
Canals are also used as
sedimentation beds. Fish
production for this system about 8
tones/ha /carp.
14. Earthen pond system
This is the most appropriate type of
west-water treatment for developing
countries. The system consist of a
series of ponds in which bacterial and
algal growth can occur in a symbiotic
manner.
Bacteria utilize the organic matter from
which they produce inorganic nutrients
which are used by algae. Algae, in turn,
produce oxygen through
photosynthesis. This oxygen is
consumed by bacteria. This co-
existence of bacteria and algae for the
benefit of each other is termed as
symbiosis.
15. Recirculation Components
A recirculation fish farming system
comprises of a number of major
components that are necessary for
the management of the system. This
includes both site and system
components.
Site Components
Building
Pump House
Three Phase Electricity
Emergency Generator
Bulk Feed Storage
Purging and Packaging Facilities
17. Growing tank
Fish tanks typically are rectangular,
circular, or oval in shape.
Rearing tanks range in size from
500 to 500,000 gallons capacity.
Tanks can be constructed of plastic,
concrete, metal, wood, glass, rubber
and plastic sheeting, or any other
materials that will hold water, not
corrode, and are not toxic to fish.
Rectangular
tank
Round tank
18. Sump of particulate removal device
A sump (clarifier tank) is used to prevent
the excessive accumulation of fish
excretory products and waste feed.
Waste products increase the biological
oxygen demand (BOD), decrease the
dissolved oxygen content, lower the
carrying capacity (density of fish) that can
be reared, and may result in off-flavor in
fish products.
19. Biofilter
The bacteria provide the waste
treatment by removing pollutants.
The two primary water pollutants
that need to be removed are:-
(a) fish waste (toxic ammonia
compounds) excreted into the
water
(b) uneaten fish feed particles.
The biofilter is the site where
beneficial bacteria remove
(detoxify) fish excretory products,
primarily ammonia.
20.
21. Types of biofilter
• Submerged bed filters can have fixed
(immobile) media in which the water
flow can be upward, downward or
horizontally through the media.
• The fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a
commonly used submerged bed filter
Submerged
bed filters
• trickling filter (TF)
• rotating biological contactors (RBC)
Emerged bed
filters
22. Other filters
Mechanical
• It physical separation of
concentration of
suspended particulate
matters from circulating
water.
Chemical
• In chemical filtration,
water is pumped through
a chemical media of
activated carbon, zeolite,
or other substances.
23. Oxygen injection with U-tube
aeration
Effective diffusion of pure oxygen
gas into a liquid (water) can best be
accomplished using a U-tube
oxygenation, counter-current flow
injectors, or micro-bubble devices
(tubes or fine wet stones).
The purpose is to dissolve much of
the oxygen injected so that it is
available to the fish, rather than
wasted by bubbling out of solution to
the atmosphere.
24. Water circulation pump.
The rotating biological contractor (RBC) has a
water-wheel configuration consisting of plastic
media attached to a central axle which spins
slowly, moving the media through the water in
the RBC containment vessel.
Advantages of the RBC are that it is self-aerating
and self-cleaning. Once established, it tends to
be very stable and can operate for years without
failure.
25. Advantages of Recirculation Systems
Minimum demand on limited water resources. The limited
quantity of high quality water in aquifers and on the surface is
an indication that water recirculation systems will become
increasingly important as a means of meeting the demand for
fish.
Minimum environmental impact. Recirculation systems
permit the concentration and removal of fish wastes so that
water pollution can be controlled and minimized.
Few government permits are required. Because of limited
impact on environment, and limited withdrawal of waste
water, few permits are required for aquaculture systems based
on water recirculation.
26. Closed circulation systems can be located near markets.
Suitable sites for other systems are dependent on location of
suitable water or land resources. Recirculation systems can be
located so that transportation costs and time between harvest
can be minimized.
Water quality and temperature can be maximized. Water
temperature can be maintained at the optimum level for fast
growth and optimum feed conversion.
Minimize losses from environmental hazards such as
predators, pollutants, and disease. Fish produced in closed
recirculation systems are safe from environmental pollutants
and many pathogens.
Minimum space requirements for level of production. In
comparison to other types of systems, protein production in
closed systems require very little space.
27. Disadvantages of Recirculation Systems
High Capital Costs. Capital costs of buildings, pumps, tanks,
heaters, etc. are higher than other systems of aquaculture.
High Operating Costs. Closed systems require pumping water
though tanks and filters. The operating costs of pumps are
significant, and these costs may be the difference between
profitable and non profitable fish farms.
Vulnerability to Mechanical Failure. Pumps make fish farm
vulnerable to breakdowns and blackouts which can result in
catastrophic losses of fish.
Difficulties with Fish Health Management. Disease outbreaks,
once they occur, are difficult to manage. Pathogens in the
system find refuge in the biological filter and are difficult to
remove. Often the only option is to treat the fish in the tank,
thus killing the bacteria in the biofilter.
28. Higher level of management is required. Unless managed
properly, sub-optimal conditions can occur that will result in
disease outbreaks and increased mortality. A much higher
level of system monitoring is required than in most other
systems.
29. Conclusion
Recirculatory system indispensable for sustainable fish
culture and as a principle that forces to develop ecological
engineering design. This system creates greater efficiency and
productivity of ponds. The application of ecological
engineering principles to water pollution control in fish
culture ecosystems can reduce treatment costs. Fish culture
systems generate large volumes of nutrient-loaded water.
Since nutrient mass loading is the critical factor contributing
substantlly to ecosystem degradation, treatment of pond
water treatment is inevitable. Fish culture effluents are
difficult to treat becau se they contain relatively dilute
nutrients.
The use of some ecological engineering principles permits
production of high-value fish crops while meeting stringent
nutrient/toxicant discharge regulations.
30. The cost of water treatment can be reduced through use of a
less expensive technology and this technology will definitely
remove toxic metabolites to consistently less then toxic
concentrations without drastic reduction in fish productivity
or ecosystem quality.
Recirculatory system should be adopted in such a way that it
would facilitate some of the important criteria such as :-
Effective removal of dissolved organic matter .
Cost-effective removal of suspended solids.
Removal of ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide and solid
wastes.
High rate of water turn over.
Adjustment of pH and feeding practices.
Management of the culture system to avoid the risk of fish
kills in ponds.
Adaptation of Recirculatory system will definitely transform
the abandoned fish farm into highly productive one.
31. References
Epsilon Aquaculture Ltd. 2001. A Study of Low Cost Recirculation Aquaculture
(SR 485) –Final Report. Commissioned by the Sea fish Industry Authority.
Good, C., Davidson, J., Welsh, C., Brazil, B., Snekvik, K. & Summerfelt, S.,
2009b. The impact of water exchange rate on the health and performance of
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in water recirculation aquaculture.
Guttman, L., & Rijn J. V. 2008. Identification of conditions underlying production
of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in a recirculating system. Aquaculture 279:85–
91.
Guttman, L. & Rijn J. V., 2009. 2-Methylisoborneol and geosmin uptake by
organic sludge derived from a recirculating aquaculture system. Water Research
43: 474 – 480.
Leonard, N., Guiraud, J.P., Gasset, E., Cailleres, J.P., Blancheton, J.P., 2002.
Bacteria and nutrients – nitrogen and carbon – in a recirculating system for sea
bass production. Aquacult. Eng. 26, 111–127.
Staudenmann, J. Schonborn, A. and Etnier, C. 1996. Recycling the Resources.
Transtec publications, Switzerland. 543-557pp.
Schrader, K.K., Davidson, J.W., Rimando, A.M. & Summerfelt, S.T., 2010.
Evaluation of ozonation on levels of the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-
methylisoborneol in water and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from
recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 43: 46–50pp.