This document provides details on the design of components for a carp hatchery complex. It discusses calculating brood fish requirements based on production targets, sizing spawning and incubation pools, and estimating nursery pond area. Brood fish of 1300kg are needed for 50 million spawn production annually. A 5m diameter spawning pool and 2.4m diameter incubation pool are designed to support 30 lakh egg production. A 15,000 liter overhead water tank is sized to supply these units. A 2.5 hectare nursery area is required to rear 50 million fry over 5 crop cycles.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Any aquatic invertebrate animals having a cutaneous or calcareous shell surrounding there body and belonging to the phylum Mollusca, the class Crustacea (phylum Arthropoda), or phylum Echinodermata is known as shellfish. The term is often used for the edible species of the groups, especially those that are fished or raised commercially. The most commercially important shellfish are:
• Mollusk: Oysters, mussels, scallops and clams
• Crustacean: Shrimp, prawn, lobster, crab and crayfish
• Echinoderm: sea urchins and sea cucumbers
Shellfish hatchery is a place where shellfish seeds are produced in a controlled way. Hatchery management is a branch of science which deals with the activities including from collection of brood shellfish to seed production. Culturing of shellfish has occurred since ancient times. Although controlled rearing of young shell has long existed, hatchery production is a more recent advancement. Producing seed under controlled conditions in a hatchery will disconnect its production from environmental factors and provide a reliable supply of seed. Oysters, mussels and mud crabs are the most important groups of shellfish after shrimp and prawn. These are popular among the western countries and becoming more popular all over the world. So hatchery management of oyster, mussel and crab is crucial.
.DEFINITION OF FISH PHARMACOLOGY:
“Fish pharmacology is essential for undertaking treatment of fishes using any therapeutic chemicals or drugs.”
“Pharmacology is the study of the interaction of chemicals with living system.”
“Pharmacology” is morden science which correlated other biological sciences, eg., Biochemistry , Physiology Microbiology , Medicine , and Genetics.
“Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action.”
“Pharmacology is the study of drugs including their origins, history, uses, and properties. It mainly focuses on the actions of drugs on the body.”
“Pharmacology is the study of drugs and theire actions on the body”.
“Pharmacology is the study of substance that interact with living systems through chemical process, especially by binding to regulatory molecules &activating or inhibiting normal body process.
Fig. 1
3. HISTORY OF FISH PHARMACOLGY:
Pharmacology emerged as its own discipline in the 19th Century, branching off from research done in fields of science such as organic chemistry and physiology. Oswald Schmiedeberg, who was born in what is now Latvia in 1838, is considered the father of pharmacology. His doctoral thesis was on the measurement of chloroform levels in blood, and he went on to become a professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasburg, where he ran an institute of pharmacology. There, he studied chloroform, which was used as an anesthetic, chloral hydrate, a sedative and hypnotic, and muscarine, a compound isolated from the mushroom Amanita muscaria that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system and has been used to treat various diseases such as glaucoma.
In 1890, John Jacob Abel became the first pharmacology chair in the United States, at the University of Michigan. He later went to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. Abel was the first to isolate the hormone epinephrine from the adrenal gland, isolate histamine from the pituitary gland, and make pure crystalline insulin. Animals such as dogs, cats, pigeons, and frogs were used to test pharmacological substances. Humans were even used as test subjects. Sometimes they suffered through severe adverse effects from these substances, such as when the German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner and three of his friends had poisoning for several days from an alkaloid that Serturner had isolated from opium. This alkaloid was later named morphine, after the Ancient Greek god of sleep, Morpheus.
Oswald Schmiedeberg was a brilliant scientist. He studied the pharmacology of various compounds, including chloroform, and published an important text called the Outline of Pharmacology. There, he studied chloroform, which was used as an anesthetic, chloral hydrate, a sedative and hypnotic, and muscarine, a compound isolated from the mush to the field, Schmiedeberg is now known as 'the father of pharmacology'.
Shore based aquaculture or coastal brackish water aquaculture is practiced in many countries. There are various methods of traditional culture system based on the local conditions. Shrimp culture is the main attraction of this culture system. Some other fishes and other organisms like crabs, bivalves and seaweeds are also farmed. This type of culture system is mainly found in south East Asia.
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Any aquatic invertebrate animals having a cutaneous or calcareous shell surrounding there body and belonging to the phylum Mollusca, the class Crustacea (phylum Arthropoda), or phylum Echinodermata is known as shellfish. The term is often used for the edible species of the groups, especially those that are fished or raised commercially. The most commercially important shellfish are:
• Mollusk: Oysters, mussels, scallops and clams
• Crustacean: Shrimp, prawn, lobster, crab and crayfish
• Echinoderm: sea urchins and sea cucumbers
Shellfish hatchery is a place where shellfish seeds are produced in a controlled way. Hatchery management is a branch of science which deals with the activities including from collection of brood shellfish to seed production. Culturing of shellfish has occurred since ancient times. Although controlled rearing of young shell has long existed, hatchery production is a more recent advancement. Producing seed under controlled conditions in a hatchery will disconnect its production from environmental factors and provide a reliable supply of seed. Oysters, mussels and mud crabs are the most important groups of shellfish after shrimp and prawn. These are popular among the western countries and becoming more popular all over the world. So hatchery management of oyster, mussel and crab is crucial.
.DEFINITION OF FISH PHARMACOLOGY:
“Fish pharmacology is essential for undertaking treatment of fishes using any therapeutic chemicals or drugs.”
“Pharmacology is the study of the interaction of chemicals with living system.”
“Pharmacology” is morden science which correlated other biological sciences, eg., Biochemistry , Physiology Microbiology , Medicine , and Genetics.
“Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action.”
“Pharmacology is the study of drugs including their origins, history, uses, and properties. It mainly focuses on the actions of drugs on the body.”
“Pharmacology is the study of drugs and theire actions on the body”.
“Pharmacology is the study of substance that interact with living systems through chemical process, especially by binding to regulatory molecules &activating or inhibiting normal body process.
Fig. 1
3. HISTORY OF FISH PHARMACOLGY:
Pharmacology emerged as its own discipline in the 19th Century, branching off from research done in fields of science such as organic chemistry and physiology. Oswald Schmiedeberg, who was born in what is now Latvia in 1838, is considered the father of pharmacology. His doctoral thesis was on the measurement of chloroform levels in blood, and he went on to become a professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasburg, where he ran an institute of pharmacology. There, he studied chloroform, which was used as an anesthetic, chloral hydrate, a sedative and hypnotic, and muscarine, a compound isolated from the mushroom Amanita muscaria that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system and has been used to treat various diseases such as glaucoma.
In 1890, John Jacob Abel became the first pharmacology chair in the United States, at the University of Michigan. He later went to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. Abel was the first to isolate the hormone epinephrine from the adrenal gland, isolate histamine from the pituitary gland, and make pure crystalline insulin. Animals such as dogs, cats, pigeons, and frogs were used to test pharmacological substances. Humans were even used as test subjects. Sometimes they suffered through severe adverse effects from these substances, such as when the German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner and three of his friends had poisoning for several days from an alkaloid that Serturner had isolated from opium. This alkaloid was later named morphine, after the Ancient Greek god of sleep, Morpheus.
Oswald Schmiedeberg was a brilliant scientist. He studied the pharmacology of various compounds, including chloroform, and published an important text called the Outline of Pharmacology. There, he studied chloroform, which was used as an anesthetic, chloral hydrate, a sedative and hypnotic, and muscarine, a compound isolated from the mush to the field, Schmiedeberg is now known as 'the father of pharmacology'.
Shore based aquaculture or coastal brackish water aquaculture is practiced in many countries. There are various methods of traditional culture system based on the local conditions. Shrimp culture is the main attraction of this culture system. Some other fishes and other organisms like crabs, bivalves and seaweeds are also farmed. This type of culture system is mainly found in south East Asia.
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHRIMP HATCHERYKartik Mondal
Shrimp is a valuable aquatic food resources high In protein and command good export markets. The tiger shrimp P.indicus and p.merguiensis are important candidate or aquafarming.The seed requirement presently meet from the wild and insufficient to meet growing demand. Hence there is a good potential for hatchery production of shrimp seed.
The success of a shrimp hatchery depend on:
1.The choice of suitable site
2.Effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery design
3.Experience of hatchery technicians
4.Efficiency of operational management.
Hill areas offer good scope for the development- of fisheries—both for commercial and sport purposes.
The coldwater fishery resources in India comprise high and mid-altitude lakes, rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across such rivers.
The importance of coldwater fisheries lies in their unique biodiversity, valuable germplasm and maintenance of environmental quality in hills.
Coldwater fishes breed naturally but since some species have been listed as endangered, therefore artificial breeding is now being practiced to restore the diversity.
Selection of the pond site is one of the most important steps in construction. A good pond site contains (l) Level topography that provides for economical construction, (2) soil with sufficient clay to hold water and (3) an adequate water supply. Before making the final site selection, one should examine all potential sites considering economics, accessibility and safety. Economically speaking, construct a pond that provides the largest volume of water with the least amount of landfill. Liability is a final consideration. For example, what would happen if the dam failed causing loss of life or injury? The pond owner is normally held liable for downstream flooding and related damages caused by dam failure.
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
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Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Design & Construction of a model CARP hatchery
1. DESIGN DETAIL OF DIFFERENT
HATCHERY COMPONENTS
DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY
VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY,
MIDNAPORE – 721 102, WEST BENGAL, INdIA
DR. MANOJ KUMAR PATI
Assistant Professor
2. Design & Construction of a Model Carp Hatchery (Chinese Circular Hatchery)
The most important component in the aquaculture practices is the availability of
quality seed of different species at desirable time.
The technology of brood stock development, induced breeding, multiple breeding,
fish gamete cryopreservation and seed production of Indian and exotic carps have
been standardized.
Cost effective standard is a pre-requisite for commercial production of carp seed
in different agro-climatic regions of the country.
The details of design, estimating, water requirement relating with the unit of carp
seed production have been described here for the construction of different
facilities of a carp seed production complex
It will be beneficial to decide the appropriate size of different pools and water
tanks etc. while planning of a carp seed production complex, as per the unit
production
3. A carp hatchery complex would generally have different main units
The Brood-stock Units (for rearing & management of carp brood stocks with
different size of ponds varying from 0.1 to 1.0 ha)
The main Hatchery Unit for spawn production
o Spawning chamber
o Egg incubation chamber
o Egg & Spawn Collection chamber
o Water supply system for the above units
The Nursery Unit (for raising fry from stocked spawn (4 - 5mm to 25 - 30mm))
The Rearing Unit (for raising fry to fingerlings (50mm and above))
The packing & Marketing Unit
Success of a hatchery depends on proper planning, design and site selection
4. SELECTION OF A SUITABLE SITE
The selection of a suitable site for a hatchery is the first criterion for its successful
operation
Demand of fish seed in locality, accordingly size of the fish seed farm may be
decided;
There should not be chances of pouching;
Area used for farm construction should be almost plain of suitable shape and
sufficient size;
Water source, quality and quantity should be adequate;
Water supply to fish farm by gravity reduce the operational cost;
Soil of the area selected should be impervious as far as possible to reduce the
water loss;
The soil for the rearing tank for fry and brood stock has to be impervious type such
as clay or silty clay or clay loam etc;
5. Fish farm located in areas unsuitable for other agricultural uses but soil should be
suitable for fish culture;
Site should be free from frequent deep flooding and should be away from flooding
areas;
The site should be easily accessible by rail and/or road;
There must be availability of cheap labourers;
There must be access to electricity;
There should be a market in the vicinity;
There may be scope for integration of aquaculture with agriculture, horticulture or
floriculture at the site.
6. Types of Soil
There are three basic types of soil: sand, silt and clay. But most soils are composed of a combination of
the different types. How they mix will determine the texture of the soil, or, in other words, how the soil
looks and feels.
One type of soil is sand. Sand within soil is actually small particles of weathered rock. Sand is fairly
coarse and loose so water is able to drain through it easily. While this is good for drainage, it is not
good for growing plants because sandy soil will not hold water or nutrients.
Silt is another type of soil. Silt can be thought of as fine sand, and it will hold water better than sand. If
you were to hold a handful of dry silt in your hand, it would feel almost like flour. If you were to add
water to the silt in your hand, it would do a fair job of holding the water and feels slick and smooth.
Clay is very fine-grained soil. Its particles are even smaller than silt, so there is very little space
between the fine grains for air or water to circulate. Therefore, clay does not drain well or provide space
for plant roots to flourish. If you were a farmer, you would not want your field to be mostly clay.
However, if you were a potter, you would think clay was the best type of soil. When moisture is added
to clay, it can be molded into shapes, such as a pottery bowl or a building brick.
Now, we can consider loam as our fourth type of soil, even though it is really a combination of sand,
silt and clay. Loam will vary depending on how much of each component is present, but generally if
you are a gardener, this is the type of soil you want because it holds moisture, but also allows for good
drainage. If you were to hold loam in your hand, you could mold it into a ball, but the ball would easily
crumble when disturbed.
7. Mountain Soils:
These soils are formed as a result of the
accumulation of organic matter derived from
forest growth. They are found in Himalayan region
and vary in different regions according to altitude.
Tea is grown in those areas which receive sufficient
rainfall.
Desert Soils:
In the desert regions of Rajasthan, soils are not well
developed. As evaporation is in excess of rainfall, the
soil has a high salt content and saline layer forms a
hard crust. These soils are generally sandy and
deficient in organic matter.
Soils of India: Six Different Types of Soils Found in India
Soil is our prime natural and economic resource.
Soils in India differ in composition and structure.
8. Alluvial Soils: These are formed by the deposition of
sediments by rivers. They are rich in humus and very fertile.
They are found in Great Northern plain, lower valleys of
Narmada and Tapti and Northern Gujarat. These soils are
renewed every year.
Black Soils: These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow.
It is concentrated over Deccan Lava Tract which includes parts of
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu. It consists of Lime, Iron, Magnesium and also Potash
but lacks in Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Organic matter.
Red Soils: These are derived from weathering of ancient
metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau. Its redness is due to
iron composition. When iron content is lower it is yellow or
brown. They cover almost the whole of Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and parts of
Orissa.
Laterite Soils:
These soils are formed
due to intense
leaching and are well
developed on the
summits of hills and
uplands. They are
commonly found in
Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra,
Chhattisgarh and hilly
areas of Orissa and
Assam.
9. Calculation of Brood fish requirement:
• The total area of brood stock rearing pond shall depend on the number of brood
fish required which in turn depends on the target of seed production
• Suppose the target is 50 million spawn per year
• Then the quantity of brood fish required is calculated as follows:
The standardized spawn yield of a major carp is 1 lakh/kg body weight
(average)
So, the female brood required for production of 50 million spawn is
50 million /1 lakh i.e. (50 × 10 lakh)/1 lakh = 500 kg
• Equal number of male are required
so male + female brood fish = 500 + 500= 1000kg
• Risk factor is 30% let i.e. 300 kg
• So total brood fish required is 1000 + 300 = 1300 kg
10. Calculation of the Area required for Brood fish rearing pond
The optimum stocking density = 1000kg/ha
So for 1300 kg, area required = (1 × 1300)/1000 = 1.3ha
Another 1.3 ha is required for the release of the spent brood after each
spawning
Continuous supply of brood fish shall be ensured for each year
So, The total area for brood husbandry shall be 1.3+1.3 = 2.6 ha
11. Calculation of dimension of different Hatchery Components for production of
30 lakh eggs in one cycle
1. Calculation of dimension of Spawning/Breeding Pool
• Assume the tank have the capacity for 30 lakh eggs production
• Let spawning fecundity is 1 lakh per kg body weight in average
• 30 kg female & 30kg male required for the purpose
• 6ppm DO in water is required conducive for spawning of fishes
• 1m3 of water is required for 3.5 kg of brood fish
Total brood fish required = 30+30=60kg
Total quantity water required = 60/3.5= 17.14m3 i.e. V
The height of the tank is 1.2 m including 0.2m free board (1.2-0.2=1m water height)
Volume of circular breeding pool V = r2H
or V = × D2/4 × H
D2 = (V × 4)/ ( ×H)
D2 = (17.14 × 4)/ (22 × 1m water)/7
D2 = 21.814
D = 4.670 ≈ 5.0 m
Hence the diameter of the breeding tank will be 5m for the production
capacity of 30 lakh eggs
12. 2. Calculation of dimension of Incubation pool
1 m3 water is required for 7 lakh eggs
For 30 lakh eggs = 30/7 = 4.3m3 of water
Depth of chamber is 1.2m (1m water + 0.2m free board)
The central chamber is provided with 1/80nos. net wrapped around to arrest the
eggs from escaping and regulates circular flow for egg rolling and also allow the
water to drain out during hatching through central outlet. The ratio between
central/inner chamber and outer chamber should be 1:4.
The eggs are incubated in outer chamber of the incubation pool
The volume of outer chamber means
the total volume of incubation pool – volume of the inner chamber
13. Let the radius of inner chamber is ‘r’ and radius of incubation pool is ‘R’
So, the volume of outer chamber (V ) is R2h - r2h
or, V = (R2 - r2) × h h= 1m (water depth)
V = (R2 - r2)
As we know R/r =4/1 so, R = 4r
Then V = [(4r)2 – r2]
Or, V = ×(16r2 –r2)
Or, V = × 15 r2
As V = 4.3m3, 4.3 = × 15 r2, r2 = 4.3 /15 , r2 = 4.3× 7
15 × 22
r2 = 0.0912 so r ≈ 0.3 m and R= 4 × 0.3 = 1.2m
So diameter of the pool shall be 2.4 m and height shall be 1+0.2=1.2m
14. 3. Calculation of dimension of over-head water tank
The most important requirement of an Chinese circular hatchery is the water
supply system
Let the standard velocity (flow/second) in spawning pool and incubation pool is
0.2 -0.3m/sec
The water requirement in breeding pool will be 2 Lit/sec and in IP = 4Lit/sec
Flow in BP will be 2x3600=7200lit/hr, 1 cubic meter = 1000L
So flow rate is 7200/1000 =7.2 m3/hour in BP and in IP= 14.4 m3/hour
Let the over-head tank may be designed for 15m3 (15000 ltr)/hr capacity
Therefore the dimension of the tank may be 3 x 2.5 x 2m (h) with a minimum
staging height 2.5m to regulate the flow in the spawning and incubation units
15. 4. Estimation of the area required for Nursery Tank
Average stocking density for nursery pond is 5 million/ha
For rearing of 50 million spawn, area required is 50/5 = 10ha
In one season, one pond can be used for 3 -4 times for spawn rearing
Duration of a crop cycle is 15 -20 days
If 5 crops are raised in one season for rearing 50 million spawn then area
required shall be 10/4= 2.5 ha