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BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY BASED AQUACULTURE
The document discusses biofloc technology in aquaculture, highlighting its benefits and challenges, including high failure rates and significant operational obstacles like infrastructure and technical knowledge gaps. It emphasizes the importance of standardization, local adaptation, and a regulatory framework to prevent unethical practices, while also detailing practical aspects such as water quality management and feeding strategies. The author advocates for the adoption of biofloc systems as a sustainable approach to aquaculture, particularly in the face of social, environmental, and financial constraints.
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BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY BASED AQUACULTURE
- 1. BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY BASED AQUACULTURE NFDB-NORTHEAST TRAINING ON BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY BASED AQUACULTURE NFDB-NORTH EAST TRAINING ON BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY DR . MD AKLAKUR, Scientist and Officer In -charge DR . MD AKLAKUR, Scientist and Officer In -charge
- 2. BIOFLOC OR BIOFLOP? 80% or more people failed and left Only 10-20 % is successful Youtube dream and money making machine Technique : skill oriented Technique is established 80 % or more people failed and left Only 10-20 % is successful Youtube dream and money making machine Technique : skill oriented Technique is established Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 3. BIOFLOC OR BIOFLOP? Needto be standardized and locally adapted Must be in three phase Learn- standardized at your place – expand Learning about fish, aquaculture and then biofloc Urgent need of a regulatory platform or frame work to stop unethical practices Need to be standardized and locally adapted Must be in three phase Learn- standardized at your place – expand Learning about fish, aquaculture and then biofloc Urgent need of a regulatory platform or frame work to stop unethical practices Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 4. MAJOR OBSTACLES :BASED ON ENTREPRENEURIAL RESPONSE AND EXPERIENCE Improper electricity and associated infrastructure lack of technical knowledge and hand holding Burgeoning trainers and unethical practice of input selling in name of support Inability to manage ammonia and nitrate Maximum cost towards electricity and diesel for gen set elevates cost of production Improper electricity and associated infrastructure lack of technical knowledge and hand holding Burgeoning trainers and unethical practice of input selling in name of support Inability to manage ammonia and nitrate Maximum cost towards electricity and diesel for gen set elevates cost of production Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 5. DO WE NEEDOF BIOFLOC BASED SYSTEM ? DO WE NEED OF BIOFLOC BASED SYSTEM ? Social constraints : pouching, flood, drought, soil seepage, digging pond turns land unsuitable for future use Land and financial constraints : decreasing per capita land holding and net income from agriculture (> 90 % have less than one acre land holding Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 6. DO WE NEEDBIOLFOC BASED SYSTEM ? Environmental risk : biggest risk example flood Poor seed supply is major bottle neck for aquaculture Real base for blue revolution: backyard approach Feed and ecosystem: cost cum conservation Cargo cult approach from input to removal Environmental risk : biggest risk example flood Poor seed supply is major bottle neck for aquaculture Real base for blue revolution: backyard approach Feed and ecosystem: cost cum conservation Cargo cult approach from input to removal Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 7. A TEN TONPRODUCTION…. A TEN TON PRODUCTION…. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 10 ton production unit Feed @ FCR of 1.5 = 15 ton Moisture = 12% Dry matter in feed = 15-1.8 = 13.2 10 ton fish with average 70 % moisture Dry fish weight = 3 ton Each crop 10 ton dry matter is getting deposited in pond i.e. organic load of 1kg per sq. meter. ? Is it sustainable? What about microbial activity and nature of microbe?
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- 9. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BIOFLOC BASICPRINCIPLE OF BIOFLOC Basically a waste treatment methods to eliminate waste and maintain water quality Active Microbial suspension in water Vigorous aeration and mixing to prevent anoxic condition. Aggregate of microbes, feed and fecal particles together : floc A dense microbial floc volume ( 20-50 mg/L operational) produced dense microbial biomass use as natural food to fish or ingredients to feed Reuse the lost nutrients for production process Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 10. FACTORS TO REGULATE FACTORSTO REGULATE Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 Waste Food Food Microbes or probiotic / floc Nitrogen Carbon C: N =15: 1 Oxygen Oxygen Aeration and mixing 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
- 11. Microbial biomass Feed and fecal waste Fish Protein diet Protein diet Total AmmoniumNitrogen (TAN) / Total Nitrogen Concentration (TNC) Total Ammonium Nitrogen (TAN) / Total Nitrogen Concentration (TNC) Probbiotic and detritus Excretion Natural food chain BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY
- 12. Fish Feed Feed Carbon source: simple sugar, starch Carbon source: simple sugar,starch Total ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen concentration Total ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen concentration Feed waste Biofloc/ microbial protein biomass Biofloc/ microbial protein biomass Biofloc a natural feed Probiotic derived biofloc Probiotic derived biofloc Molasses, unrefined Jaggary, Maida tapioca, starch powder etc. Molasses, unrefined Jaggary, Maida tapioca, starch powder etc. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 13. ESSENTIAL PRACTICAL ASPECT ESSENTIALPRACTICAL ASPECT Moderate floc density (20-50 mg/L) C:N Ratio of water around 15:1 Non air breathing fishes: 20 to 30 Kg/ Cub. M Non air breathing fishes: 50 to 60 Kg/ Cub. M Local adaptation of techniques very essential Potential to use and explore natural food production in the system Daily water exchange of 0.5 to 1 % or weekly 5 % A developed system has oxygen demand of more than 5-6 ppm per hour. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 14. WATER QUALITY :FLOC QUALITY WATER QUALITY : FLOC QUALITY Temperature : 28 to 320C Dissolved oxygen (DO) : more than 5 PPM essential (more than 6 ppm desired Alkalinity : more than 160 ppm pH : 7.5 to 8 best (7 to 8 optimum) Ammonia : <0.5 ppm Nitrite : < 0.5 ppm best Nitrate :< 150 ppm Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 15. WHAT DOES BIOFLOCWORK ? WHAT DOES BIOFLOC WORK ? Intensive culture with high stocking and feeding We limit water exchange Organic residues accumulate We mix and aerate 4 Ideal conditions for bacteria Bacteria control water quality Fish eat bacteria Feed is recycled Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 16. HOW DOES BIOFLOCWORK ? HOW DOES BIOFLOC WORK ? Heterotrophic bacteria feed on organic matter. They use the Chemical energy in organic substrates. Need C:N Ratio = 15:1 for its best activity Organic load, carbon level and oxygen is ensured to let bacteria multiply number of bacteria in such tanks is 10 million up to 10 billion Bacteria /ml 1. Utilizes the organic load and nitrogen waste 2. Get utilized as food by fish feed C:N ratio = 10 to 7 :1 Added with molasses to raise C:N ratio = 15:1 Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 17. SUITABLE SPECIES SUITABLE SPECIES shall accept floc as feed and get nutrition from it Shall tolerate high suspended solid concentration Tolerant to deviated water quality Shrimp, Tilapia Common Carp Pangassius, Mangur Anabas and Singi Species specific protocol and technical adaptation required for success Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 18. BASIC TYPE OFBIOFLOC SYSTEM BASIC TYPE OF BIOFLOC SYSTEM 1. Green water system 2. Brown water system At high level of the stocking, the nitrogen accumulate and C:N ratio remains less than 4: 5 . So the bacterial growth is limited and algal growth take place . As we increase C:N ratio more than 12 :1 then bacterial growth take place very rapidly and water turns to brown. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 19. Nitrogen assimilation processin biofloc system (NH+ 4, NO- 2, NO— 3) Nitrogen assimilation process in biofloc system (NH+ 4, NO- 2, NO— 3) Heterotrophic assimilation by heterotrophic bacteria Chemotrophic nitrifications Photosynthesis based Assimilation Increased by raising carbon nitrogen ratio By nitrifying bacteria Algal uptake Use carbon source for it. By nitrifying bacteria used as probiotic Sun light/ light essentially required NH 4 + NO- 2 NO— 3 NO— 3 More toxic More toxic Least toxic Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 20. 20-25 gm. carbon 20-25 gm. carbon Flocdevelopment Floc development Bacterial density Bacterial density 1 gm. Ammonia / Nitrogen 1 gm. Ammonia / Nitrogen Microbial protein Microbial protein Bacteria Bacteria Very fast 0.5-3 days NH4 + NO- 2 NO- 3 Presentation of carbon nitrogen assimilation by bacteria in biofloc Presentation of carbon nitrogen assimilation by bacteria in biofloc Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 21. FEEDING MANAGEMENT INBIOFLOC SYSTEM FEEDING MANAGEMENT IN BIOFLOC SYSTEM 25 to 50 % protein efficiency is raised Start ration with 50 % as recommended in pond culture and set the ration gradually as it take in 15-20 minute or maximum 30 min Start ration with 1.5 to 2 % for flock eating fishes And 2 to 3 % for non-floc eating fishes. Fix the ration and feed three to two time daily Give maximum feed which get finished in 30 minute by fish and 2 hour maximum by shrimp. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 22. FLOC QUALITY DETERMINESWATER QUALITY FLOC QUALITY DETERMINES WATER QUALITY Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 Water quality Water quality Floc quality Kind and quantity of microbial communit y
- 23. FLOC QUALITY MANAGEMENT FLOCQUALITY MANAGEMENT Daily color monitoring Preventing succession and FCO maintenance Sludge removal Weekly supplementation of nitrifying bacteria 5 % weekly water exchange or at very high floc density daily 1 % water exchange for sludge removal Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 24. ESSENTIAL ITEMS SHALLBE KEPT ALWAYS … ESSENTIAL ITEMS SHALL BE KEPT ALWAYS … (a) Carbon source :- molasses, Jaggary, Tapioca powder, Maida etc. (b) Probiotic especially the nitrifying bacteria (c) Inoculum of the bacteria or FCO (d) Lime (e) Soda (f) Alternative for continuous aeration Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
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- 26. Inlet Outlet 18 to 20feet 5 feet 1 to 2 degree slope Tank design Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 27. Sludge and sedimentationmanagement Sludge and sedimentation management Water outlet Inlet Settled sludge Collectio n of sludge Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
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- 29. INNOVATION IN BFT INNOVATIONIN BFT FCO Feed soaked with FCO Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 30. Managing 4 inputsin biofloc system Managing 4 inputs in biofloc system Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 31. SEED STOCKING STRATEGYAND SPECIES SELECTION SEED STOCKING STRATEGY AND SPECIES SELECTION It shall be based on Market demand Biological growth potential Species biology Culture duration System carrying capacity Seed quality shall be ensured : in bred seed bad impact Polyculture shall be decided on species compatability Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 32. SEED …………………… Species tobe cultured Stocking size No per 1000 L Purpose or culture operation Species to be cultured Stocking size No per 1000 L Purpose or culture operation Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 33. FEED AND FEEDINGMANAGEMENT FEED AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT Core basic for protein nutrition and ammonia management Protein quality more important than protein level Best to find the feed Well accepted Easily digestible Nutrient shall be absorbable and bioavailable Shall lead growth Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 34. AMINO ACIDS AMINO ACIDS EssentialAAS Non Essential AAS Arginine Alanine Histidine Asparagine Leucine Aspartic acid Iso leucine Cysteine Lysine Glutamic acid Methionine Glutamine Phenyl alanine Glycine Threonine Proline Tryptophan Serine Valine Tyrosine Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 35. MAKING A DESIGNERWALL WITH FOUR DIFFERENT KIND OF BRICKS MAKING A DESIGNER WALL WITH FOUR DIFFERENT KIND OF BRICKS Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 Designer wall with 32 bricks Yellow = 19 White = 6 Red= 4 Blue =3 How many such walls are possible for 640 bricks supplied such as below Yellow = 380 White = 150 Red= 90 Blue =20
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- 37. Ammonia Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 Total ammonia = feedingrate per day x protein % x no of days x 0.092
- 38. Common concern incommercial unit management Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 Use of the nutritional value of the biofloc in system or as ingredients shall be planned Oxygen demand through mixing and aeration shall be monitored regularly on biomass basis Feeding rate, sludge production and biofloc transition shall be monitored daily basis Nitrification rate nitrate surge shall be managed with rational water exchange
- 39. CONT… Balancing theinput C:N ratio with biomass during culture for cost effectiveness Start up initiation concern and microbial succession Biofloc microbial community Regulating stocking density no and size Nitrogen problem and solutions Balancing the input C:N ratio with biomass during culture for cost effectiveness Start up initiation concern and microbial succession Biofloc microbial community Regulating stocking density no and size Nitrogen problem and solutions Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 40. IT IS ATECHNOLOGY AND SURELY NEED CAUTION AND CONCERN IT IS A TECHNOLOGY AND SURELY NEED CAUTION AND CONCERN 3 steps 1. Development and standardization of system 2. Raising production 3. Increasing profit Record keeping is key to commercial success Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
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- 43. Comparative evaluation ofpangassius seed rearing in pond and biofloc based culture : • Almost 27 % better growth and 20 % better survival recorded in Biofloc based seed rearing Pangassius Ponds Biofloc unit (13 tanks) Size 900 sq. m 10 sq. m Initial weight 1 gm 1 gm No 50000 no 1250 no Stocking density / sq m 55 no 125 Average 55 gm 70 gm Mortality 10000 Marginal Size variation Least Least DOC 78 DAY 78 DAY
- 44. Comparative evaluation ofMonosex tilapia reared under pond and biofloc unit • Ealier stocking of all seed 4100 lines in 6 biofloc tanks and reared for 62 days ( till 160 line. At stocking density of 5000 per tanks ( 500 per sq. metre). Then 160 line distributed to ponds and tanks as below Tilapia Pond Biofloc ( 9 tanks ) Size 900 sq. m 10 sq m Initial weight 6.25 6.25 Stocking no 12000 2000 Stocking density 13 200 Average weight at sampling 55 40 Mortality Marginal Marginal Size variation Least High ( 15 to 55 gm ) DOC 33 days 33 Days Ammonia surge lead under feeding
- 45. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 At KANHAULI Mahuavaishali : seed phasing : 1900 sq ft area
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- 47. COST ANALYSIS: APPROX.2.6 TON BIOMASS : COST ANALYSIS: APPROX. 2.6 TON BIOMASS : Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 cost component amount % COST CONTR GUD 6610 2.025967 DIESEL 39143 11.99734 ELECTRIC 480 0.14712 MEDICINE 2940 0.901111 PROBIOTICS 2900 0.888851 SALT AND SOLOMITE 1438 1438 0.440747 FEED 100800 30.89523 OTHER INPUT 9862 3.022706 INITIAL SEED COST 162091 49.68093 TOTAL 326264 100
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- 49. Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708 Base for bluerevolution and food security in country
- 50. NEED NEED Totally newand virgin horizon to explore More technical training and skill imparting Complete hand holding to establish and succeed : Govt. institutions Scientific thought put for local species adaptation Feed efficiency increasing and species specific feed Decreasing power cost and dependence Backyad unit adaptation and demonstration Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 51. THE PRESENT ENTREPRENEURIALCONCERN …. WITH BFT Dr. MD AKLAKUR 9004862708
- 52. Support needed • Entrepreneurlead extension model : Lighting deep to deep Awareness - training- hand holding - technical demonstration- use in extension chain. • BIOFLOC BASED TECHNOLOGY • MD AKLAKUR RRTC Motipur 9004862708
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