This document discusses cage aquaculture in India, specifically in Chhattisgarh state. It provides background on the history and evolution of cage culture, describes common cage designs and materials. Key points covered include common species cultured, stocking densities, benefits and risks. Statistics on cage culture in Chhattisgarh and other Indian states are also presented. The document concludes by stating that cage culture is a viable method for utilizing open reservoirs and providing employment opportunities.
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adultsDebiprasad1997
Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Growth of freshwater mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) in different water condition...AbdullaAlAsif1
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feeds on growth and production of freshwater Mud Eel (Monopterus cuchia) in nine aquariums over a period of 90 days during June to August 2016. Three different feeds namely Feed A (live feed), Feed B (supplementary feed) and Feed C (probiotics) were applied to treatments I, II and III respectively. Three types of water used in aquarium. These are pond water, ground water and turbid water. Each of the tanks was stocked with nine fish that's total fish amount of 27. Significantly highest weight gain was obtained in pond water, treatment III, (16.39a ± 2.35). Treatment III yielded the highest (65.56a ±9.4 g/m 2 /year) production with the highest survival rate of fish. Water quality parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, P H , and alkalinity were optimum. On the basis of better growth and production, it is suggested that pond water condition with probiotics are suitable for the culture of M. cuchia in aquarium.
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adultsDebiprasad1997
Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Growth of freshwater mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) in different water condition...AbdullaAlAsif1
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feeds on growth and production of freshwater Mud Eel (Monopterus cuchia) in nine aquariums over a period of 90 days during June to August 2016. Three different feeds namely Feed A (live feed), Feed B (supplementary feed) and Feed C (probiotics) were applied to treatments I, II and III respectively. Three types of water used in aquarium. These are pond water, ground water and turbid water. Each of the tanks was stocked with nine fish that's total fish amount of 27. Significantly highest weight gain was obtained in pond water, treatment III, (16.39a ± 2.35). Treatment III yielded the highest (65.56a ±9.4 g/m 2 /year) production with the highest survival rate of fish. Water quality parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, P H , and alkalinity were optimum. On the basis of better growth and production, it is suggested that pond water condition with probiotics are suitable for the culture of M. cuchia in aquarium.
Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph.D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the advisor of Oceanography Division of Techno India University, Kolkata. He has to his credit about 388 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 34 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra has successfully completed about 16 projects on biodiversity loss in fishery sector, coastal pollution, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speakers in several foreign Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008, Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 29 Ph.D students. Presently his domain of expertise includes environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration.
02. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FISH CULTURE .pdfSaiqa Riaz
Fish culture, also known as aquaculture, refers to the practice of
raising fish and other aquatic organisms in controlled environments
such as ponds, tanks, or ocean enclosures for commercial,
recreational, or conservation purpose.
Aquaculture is the most reliable sector to the providing world nutrias food. It is all depended on the cultivable species. Asian seabass is one of the candidate species for aquaculture because of the wide range of water quality tolerance, growth performance, and consumer preference. The Indian and Western Pacific Oceans are where Asian seabass is found in its natural habitat. It can be cultured in the earthen pond, floating or stationer cages, and recirculating system. Seed resources are available in rivers and lakes of fresh water, but aquaculture is the depending on the hatchery that produces seed because of the superior growth production. In the nursery phase, cannibalism is predominant in Asian seabass cultivation, which will improve via the grading of a shooter. Feeding is one of the important management for good growth performance and reducing cannibalism to give the optimum feed requirements. The growth rate of the Asian seabass is 400-600 g in 4 to 6 months. Asian seabass farmers are suffering from some infectious and non-infection diseases, it will improve via the good management practices of the culture promises. In this review paper, some key points of Asian seabass farming are covered for better understanding.
Present status of Indian major carp broodstock management at the hatcheries i...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was carried out to access on the present status of Indian major carp broodstock management, suggests some guidelines to control negative selection and inbreeding in hatchery stocks in Jessore, Bangladesh. The survey was conducted in 20 hatcheries at Chacrha in Jessore from November, 2013 to October, 2014. Information showed that brood fish selection for induced breeding was done on the basis of their experience. The sources of brood fish were mainly own and other sources were Halda River, Padma River, Govt. brood bank, world fish center and BFRI. Feed ingredients used as rice bran (39%), mustard oil cake (29%), vitamin and mineral premix (3%), wheat flour (7%), fish meal (13%) and soyabean flour (5%). Nutritional compositions of feed were protein (20-30%), lipid (10-12%), carbohydrate (25-35%) and fat (7-11%). Fertilizer such as TSP (0.484 kg/decimal), urea (0.242 kg/decimal), cowdung (6.5 kg/decimal), poultry dropping (3 kg/decimal) and MP (0.181 kg/decimal) were used. Hatching rate was 85-91% and deformed hatchlings were 5-7% in the hatcheries. Both positive (63%) and negative (37%) selection were identified. Anchor worm (Lernaeasis) disease was the most harmful problem of which solution was not given by them. Hatcheries owners assumed that if they would use wild brood fish, inbreeding could be removed and thus survival and growth of fry could be increased.
Enhance the contribution of small indigenous fish production: Emphasis mola (...AbdullaAlAsif1
Abstract: Background and Objective: Eco-climatic condition is highly favorable to conduct the aquaculture farm operation in Riverine Bangladesh and recently aquaculture became a profitable and nutritious source of agriculture and this study conducted to enhance the production of small indigenous fish with carps in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: An on-farm experiment was carried on 240 days during April-December, 2012 at North-west Bangladesh to produce more small fish with the carps. All of the household ponds (200-600 m2) were stocked with the fingerlings of Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo bata and Amblypharyngodon mola at different rate. There were three treatments and interfering the period of culture varied the production frequency of mola which produced more or less in the experimental ponds. Results: All the recorded water quality parameters varied significantly differences (p>0.05) among the treatments except transparency and dissolved oxygen. The growth performance of all the carps, silver carp was the first growing and bata was the lowest. The total fish production was the highest (3783.30 kg ha–1) in early stocking (EST) and the lowest (2836.61 kg ha–1) in existing stocking (EXST) treatment, but the total small fish production (55%) was higher in the EXST ponds than seasonal stocking (SST) and EST ponds. The highest SGR and the rate of survival of carps were higher in SST than the other treatments. Conclusion: Poly-culture of carps with mola can provide additional nutritional and economic benefits; field level household culture is highly suggested in Bangladeshi pond.
Mud crabs, also known as mangrove crabs, occur widely in estuaries and along tropical, subtropical and warm temperate coasts in the world. There are four species of mud crab (Family: Portunidae), Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica, S. paramamosain and S. olivacea that are the focus of both commercial fisheries and aquaculture production throughout their distribution. They are among the most valuable crab species in the world, with the bulk of their commercial production sent live to market.
Common carp introduction & Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
The Eurasian carp or European carp (Cyprinus carpio), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. The native wild populations are considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),but the species has also been domesticated and introduced (see aquaculture) into environments worldwide, and is often considered a destructive invasive species, being included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive species. It gives its name to the carp family, Cyprinidae.
Prawn farming plays an important role in the economy of India. Despite of several problems, the practice of prawn farming has offered opportunity to increase incomes for farmers and associated groups. The future for prawn farming is bright but requires dynamism to exploit fully. The realization of its potential must be aided by improvements in production technology and hatchery operation. In addition, research in areas such as seed and feed production may need to be given particular attention, considering existing technology, the transfer, adaption and development of new technology.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
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0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
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Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Bitcoin Lightning wallet and tic-tac-toe game XOXO
overview of cage culture ppt.
1. Project mentor:-
Dr. B. Nightingale Devi
Asst. Prof. College of fisheries,
Kawardha
Present by:-
Rakesh Nirmalkar
B.F.Sc.4th year
College of fisheries, Kawardha
2. Introduction
History of cage culture
Evolution of cage culture in India
Type of cage
Shape of cage
Materials used for making cage
Principles of cage culture
Status of cage culture fisheries in Indian reservoirs
Status of cage culture in Chhattisgarh
Species culture
Stock management
Benefits of cage culture
Risks and disadvantages
Conclusion
References.
3. Cage culture is a technology which fish are reared from fry to
fingerling, fingerling size to marketable size while captive in
an enclosed space that maintains the free exchange of water
with the surrounding water body.
(Bhowmick 2011, Kranatak and Kumar 2014).
Fig- Chhirpani Reservoir cages (Dist. Kabirdham)
4. Cage culture was first originated nearly 200 years ago in
Cambodia where fishermen used to keep Clarias spp.
Cage culture is popular traditional culture practiced in
Indonesia.
Common carp culture in bamboo-cage is practised in West
Java since early 1940.
Modern cage culture in open water-bodies started in Japan in
early 1950s.
Presently more than 62 countries are practicing the cage
culture.
Currently 80 species of finfish are being cultured in cage.
Source - Bhowmick ,2015
5. In India, cage culture was attempted for the first time in 1970
in three environments:-
1) Swamps marked by low DO concentration, using air-
breathing fishes.
2) Running waters of the Yamuna and Ganga Rivers at
Allahabad, using major carps.
3) Standing water body in Karnataka, using common carp,
catla, silver carp, rohu, snakeheads and tilapia.
The Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI)
attempted cage culture in the 1970s with the production of air-
breathing fish in cage but got poor result (Das et al., 2014).
6. 4 types of cage are being used for cage aquaculture.
Fixed cage
Floating cage
Submersible cage, and
Submerged cage
Source:- Shrivastava at al.(2009).
7. Fixed cage though very primitive in origin, still in vogue.
It is used in shallow water body part with water depth of 1-3m
in reservoir.
8. Floating cage is supported by a floating frame where in net
bags are kept hanging in water without touching the basin.
Water bodies in depth more than 5m in reservoir.
9. Submersible cages have net bags suspended from
surface with adjustable buoyancy
It may be rigid or flexible.
10. It have net bag fitted in a solid and strong frame and
submerged under water
Operational mainly in marine environment.
11. The cage are generally enclosed on all sides, except an
opening at the top for feeding and handling the fish stock.
Cage may be round, square or rectangular in shape.
Round cages with a cylindrical net, supported by circle-shaped
support frames are most used for sea cage culture in India.
Cube-shaped, rectangular/square cage are used in reservoirs.
Source- Manna and Hassan, 2004
12. Size of cage for fish culture in reservoir can vary, but often
multiple units are installed as a battery of cages.
A cage with the dimensions of 6m x 4m x 4m is mostly
considered(Manna and Hassan ,2004).
Standard unit and battery comprises 6, 12 or 24 such cage, as
per requirement(Manna and Hassan, 2004).
The cage in a battery are arranged in caterpillar design for
better exchange of water thereby facilitating relatively high
dissolved oxygen (Bhowmick et al. 2015 ).
13.
14.
15. Durable and stable cage materials are essential for achieving
better results.
A cage comprises hard frames as support and nylon netting as
cage body.
The material should be of -
Environment-friendly
HACCP protocol compliant
Rust-free material for cage fabrication.
Commonly used material for cage frames are bamboos.
16. - Mild-steel(MS)
- Galvanized iron(GI)
- Poly-vinyl chloride(PVC)
- Virgin-grade HDPE(High Density Polyethylene)
- The bamboo based frames are not recommended for
commercial cage fish farming due to their poor longevity and
strength to withstand turbulence.
17. Site selection
Water depth:-
The cage site needs a water depth of at least 5-10 meters round
the year.
3-4 meters depth will be always needed from the cage bottom
to the floor of the water body.
Wave and wind-
- Avoid strong wind, wave and current river, canal, reservoir.
Water current
- River and reservoir: 28-50cm/s
- wave lower: 2 meter
Fish seed availability
Source- Bhowmick et al, (2015).
18. Anti-corrosive paint should be applied to prevent rusting and
to increase the durability.
Cage should be cleaned at 15 days interval to avoid net
clogging.
The physico-chemical parameters of water should be recorded
regularly as a part of water quality monitoring.
Source- Das at al., (2015).
19. DO: 4-6mg/lit.
Temperature – 25-300c
Salinity – less then 0.5ppt(depends on species)
pH- 6.5-8.5
NH3- 0.5 mg/l
Source- Das et al, (2015).
20. o Sandy bottom is preferred.
o Avoid acidic and red tide water.
o Easy for transportation, electricity, nearby feed source and
market.
21. The MOA, Government of India, has classified reservoir as small
(<1000 ha), medium (1000 to 5000 ha) and large (>5000 ha) for the
purpose of fisheries management.
India has 19,370 reservoir spread over more than 15 states with an
estimate 3.15 million ha surface area at full capacity (Sugunan,
2015).
It has been reported that more than 15 states had adopted the cage
culture technology in inland water with fish production in the range
of 15-17 kg /m3/year (Sharma, et al., 2015).
Cage farming has been proven successful in the states of Jharkhand
and Chhattisgarh (Das and Sharma 2015).
22. s.
no
state No. of
cages
1. Andhra Pradesh 144
2. Bihar 96
3. Madhya Pradesh 192
4. Odisha 96
5. Chhattisgarh 264
6. Jharkhand 96
7. Gujrat 200
8. Karnataka 48
s.
no
state No. of
cages
9. Tamil Nadu 48
10. Uttar Pradesh 96
11. Arunanchal Pradesh 48
12. Assam 48
13. Maharashtra 144
14. Rajasthan 48
15. Mizoram 48
16. Tripura 48
Source- Jha et al, 2013, Suganan 2015.
23. The total number of reservoir in the state is 1770
covering an area of 0.89 lakh ha.
99% of reservoir belongs to small category and
covered 54% area of total reservoir and 25% and
21% for medium and large reservoirs, respectively.
Cage size used in the state is stored at 6m x4mx4m
per cage.
2 to 4 batteries with 24 cages are used in the state.
11 cages have been set up in the state for the
purpose of fish seed culture (DOF, 2016).
24. S. no. Reservoir District Area (ha) Unit
1. Saroda sagar Kabirdham 232 4 battery
2. Chhirpani Kabirdham 259 4 battery
3. Ghongha Bilaspur 436 2 battery
4. Torenga Raipur 339 2 battery
5. Jhumka Koriya 551 4 battery
6. Gondli Durg 1118 2 battery
7. Ghunghutta Sarguja 762 2 battery
8. Bango Korba 11500 2 battery
Source: Department of Fisheries, Govt. of CG, 2016
25. Economically viable cage culture is practiced in inland water bodies of
India.
Some of species cultured in cage are:
Most cultured species in Chinese carp, Tilapia, Cat fishes.
Indigenous
species
Exotic species Cat fishes Shellfish
•Wallago attu •pangasius sp. Calrias magur •Macrobrachium
rosenbergii
• IMC •Tilapia sp. Heteropneustes
fossilis
•M. malcolmsonii
• Puntius sarana •Chinese carp Channa sp.
•Pangasius
pangasius
Anabus
testudineus
Source- Das et al, (2015).
26. The stocking density and size of at time of stocking vary
according to requirements, depending on growth and survival.
Source;- Bhowmick, Das (2015)
Species Stock Size Stage
IMC 250-300 nos./m3 15-25mm Fry to fingerling
30-38 nos./m3 100-120mm Fingerling to grow-out
Pangasius 500-700 nos./m3 20mm Fry to fingerling
60-100 nos./m3 50-60mm Fingerling to grow-out
Tilapia 80-100 nos./m3 70-80mm Fingerling to grow-out
Cat fishes 50-300/m3 60-80mm Finegrling to grow- out
27. Occupy a small area of river, canal or reservoir.
Cage can be available and cheap materials.
Poor farming can manage small cage culture.
Fish can be stocked with high density fast growth.
Yield and profit are high.
Easy to harvest.
28. Disease out break is common:
- High density,
- Contamination from other,
- Quick change of environment,
Culture cycle depends much on season and culture cage is
affected by flood, storm and strong waves.
In some case, cage becomes obstacles for transportation and
landscape.
29. High stocking density can be done in such culture
system.
Utilization of open reservoir.
Less time fast growth rate with supplementary
feeding.
Suitable for culture of hardy species (e.g.- monosex
tilapia, pangasius).
Entrepreneurship and employment opportunity leading
to improvement of the people.
30. Karnatak, Gunjan., Kumar, Vikash., 2014 Potential of cage
aquaculture in Indian reservoir, International Journal of Fisheries
and Aquatic Studies; 1(6): 108-112.
Bhandarkar, P Mukesh., JK, Sundaray., Anant, PN. and Pradhan, S.,
2017 Aquaculture Development in Chhattisgarh, India: What, Why
and how? International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic studies;
5(4): 272-278.
Das, A. K., Meena, D. K., and Sharma, A. P., 2014 Cage Farming in
an Indian Reservoir, World Aquaculture Article 56-58.
Kumar, Vikash., Karnatak, Gunjan., P., Mishal., Das,A. K., Hassan,
M. A., Sharma, A.P., 2015 Potential Species For Cage Aquaculture
In Indian Reservoirs, World Aquaculture Article 46-48.
31. Sugunan V V, Tripathi S D, Cruz D Johnson, Guidelines for
cage culture in inland open water bodies of India, Department
of animal husbandry, dairying & fisheries, NFDB publication
Priented – September 2016.
Department of fisheries, Government of Chhattisgarh 2016-
17.
Primary source Department of fisheries, Kawardha (Dist-
Kabirdham) 2015.
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