This document discusses feed formulation and processing. Feed formulation involves combining ingredients to meet animal production goals in a balanced, palatable, and stable manner. The formulation process considers available local ingredients, nutrient contents, animal requirements, and physical limitations. Feed processing alters ingredients physically and sometimes chemically to improve utilization, mixing, and stability. Key processing steps include weighing, grinding, mixing, autoclaving, pelletizing, drying, packaging, and storage. The overall goal is to produce a cost-effective feed that meets regional animal nutritional needs.

1. TITLE: FEED FORMULATION &
PROCESSING.
Prepared by:
Miss. Sadiya Farooq.
SKUAST-KASHMIR.

2. FORMULATION &
PROCESSING:
 Feed formulation and processing is the
phenomenon of combining feed ingredients to
form a mixture meet the specific goals of
production.

3. FEED FORMULATION:
 A diet may be formulated to supplement natural
foods already available in the production system
or as a complete formulation when no other foods
are provided. A complete diet must be nutritionally
balanced, palatable, water stable, and have the
proper size and texture.

4. Continued...
 While formulating a feed some points to be taken
into consideration are
 (1) a location-specific list of ingredients available
for use in the feed and their costs;
 (2) nutrient contents for each of the ingredients;
 (3) nutritional requirements of the species in
terms of minimum, maximum, or exact quantities
needed; and
 (4) any physical or non-nutritive limitation that
might be imposed because of ingredient
characteristics, limitation of supply, effects on
feed mixture, toxic factors, and ability of feed to
be pelleted.

5. FEED PROCESSING:
 Feed processing usually means altering the
physical (and sometimes chemical) nature of
feed commodities to optimise utilisation by
animals and to enhance mixing and stability of
the diet.

6. Procedure Specification
Selection Select all the appropriate feed ingredients for processing.
Weighing
Weigh raw ingredients for accurate amount of different
nutrients.
Grinding
Grind the mixture to obtain homogenous mixture of specific
particle size to improve digestibility, pallatibilty and water
stability of the feed.
Mixing and
homogenising
Mix the ingredients with hot water and add binders except,
vitamin mixture as it is heat sensitive. Knead the dough well.
Autoclaving
The dough is then wrapped in silver foil and autoclaved for
20 min at 110 – 120°C temperature to make it free from
microorganisms.

7. MIXING THE
INGREDIENTS.
AUTOCLAVING
FIGURES- PERFORMING VARIOUS STEPS INVOLVED IN FEED
PROCESSING.

8. Addition of vitamin and
minerals
After autoclaving, the feed mixture is allowed to cool
after which the pre-weighed vitamin and mineral
mixture is added and mixed well.
Pelleting
In this process the prepared feed mix is allowed to
pass through the extruder for preparing the feed
pellets.
Drying
The pellets are appropriately dried as per the
requirements.
Packaging
After drying the final feed product can be packed in
HDPE Bags.
Storage
Store the feed bags in a clean place that is free from
pests and insects. Air circulation must be maintained.
Bags of feed should be printed with date of
manufacturing.

9. PELLETING USING A
PELLITIZER.

10. FULLY PREPARED FEED.

11. CONCLUSION:
 Exploration and identification of alternate
indigenous feed resources, their nutrients
analysis, amelioration of anti-nutritional factors
there in and formulation of region specific, cost
effective farm-made feeds can reduce the feed
costs and minimise future feed demands from
aquaculture.

12.  THANKYOU!