Biodiversity refers to variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. Madhya Pradesh has high biodiversity with 30.72% forest cover across 17 forest communities containing 35 tree species. In Indore, most species are vulnerable, threatened, or of least concern while 14% of species are data deficient and 2% are extinct in the wild. Biodiversity loss is increasing due to human activity like habitat loss and climate change. Conservation methods include protected areas, tissue culture of endangered plants, reducing climate change impacts, and education. Tissue culture involves culturing cells or tissues in a nutrient medium and has principles of totipotency and plasticity. It is a method to propagate plants rapidly.

2. Biodiversity
“Biodiversity means the variability
among living organisms from all
sources including, terrestrial, marine
and other aquatic ecosystems and the
ecological complexes of which they
are part; this includes diversity within
species, between species and of
ecosystems”

3. Biodiversity in Madhya
Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is blessed with greenery. The
recorded forest area in the state is 94.689
square kilometres, which is 30.72% of its
geographical area.
Biodiversity of Madhya Pradesh has17 forest
communities from 23 forest sites consisting of 35
species of trees belonging to 29 genera and 23
families.

4. 14%
2%
7%
10%
19%
8%
40%
BIODIVERSITY IN INDORE
STATISTICS
DATA DEFICIENT
EXTINCT IN WILD
CRITICALY
ENDANGERED
ENDANGERED
VULNERABLE
NEAR
THREATENED
LEAST CONCERN

5. Loss of Biodiversity
The loss of biological diversity is a global crisis.
Biological extinction has been a natural phenomenon
in geological history. But the rate of extinction was
perhaps one species every 1000 years. But man’s
intervention has speeded up extinction rates all the
more. Between 1600 and 1500, the rate of extinction
went up to one species every 10 years. It is
estimated that about 50 species are being driven to
extinction every year, bulk of them in tropical forest,
due to human interference

6. Threats to biodiversity
Loss, fragmentation and degradation of
habitat
The spread of invasive species
Unsustainable use of natural resources
Climate change
Inappropriate fire regimes
Changes to the aquatic environment and
water flows.

7. Biodiversity Conservation
Government legislation.
Nature preserves.
Tissue Culture
Species interaction.
Reduce in climate change.
Education.
Habitat restoration.

8. Types of biodiversity
conservation
CONSERVATION
In-situ conservation Ex-situ conservation

9. “Tissue culture is the in
vitro aseptic culture of cells,
tissues, or whole plant under
controlled nutritional and
environmental conditions often to
produce the clones of plants”.

10. Fundamental principals of
Plant Tissue Culture
P .T.C depends upon
1. Totipotency : it is the ability of the cell to
regenerate into a whole plant.
2. Plasticity : it is the ability of plant to
alter their metabolism, growth and
development that best suit their
environment.

11. Preparation of suitable nutrient medium.
Selection of explants.
Sterilization of the explants.
Inoculation of explants.
 Incubation.
Transfer of callus and regeneration.
Hardening or acclimatization.
Transfer of plantlets to the field.
TECHNIQUES OF PLANT
TISSUE CULTURE.

12. LOW COST TISSUE CULTURE
Plant tissue culture is a vegetative propagation of
plant under aseptic conditions
In our project we try to develop a low cost plant
tissue culture technique such that it can be set up
at home, schools and colleges. The method can
be utilized by students and nursery owners for
rapid multiplication of plants that are under
threat.

13. Preparation of explants
1.Washing of explants
2.Use of mild detergent
3.Soaked in ethanol
4.Wash in cooled boiled water

14. RESULT OF LOWCOST TISSUE CULTURE
The method should result with callus growth in the
jar.
But due to ineffective sterilization agent used, the
explants got contaminated and affected its growth.
The contamination could be of media we prepared at
our home.

15. PLANT TISSUE CUTURE
KIT
In our project we assemble the essential material
required
for plant tissue culture from various sources &
created our
own plant tissue culture kit.
 COMPONENTS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE KIT.
10 autoclaved MS media containing tube (
obtained from Srujan Plant tissue culture lab)
 0.3% HgCl2 solution (100 ml)
Bavistin (antifungal powder- 20g)
Glass jar with sterile water.
70% ethanol( 200 ml)
Forceps (2 no)
Scalpels (2 no)

16. METHODS OF PLANT TISSUE
CULTURE KIT
Sterilization and preparation of explants.
Inoculation.
Culture conditions.

17. Result of plant tissue culture kit
Explants grown through
Plant Tissue Culture kit
will show sprouting
within 5-7 days. This
indicate that better
sterilization method of
explants is essential for
success for Plant Tissue
Culture.

18. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Biodiversity degradation in
INDORE
Need to save our Plant
Biodiversity
People knowing about P.T.C
People interested in growing
plants by P.T.C
NO
YES

19. With our self prepared kit we have
succeeded up to shooting stage.
The shoot then can be introduced to
different suitable culture media for
root generation. These plantlets
then can be transferred to green
houses and sold to nurseries. Also
from one single explants multiple
plantlets can be generated.

20. CONCLUSION
In lights of “smart city indore” our project focuses on
alarming situation of biodiversity degradation in our city .
Aim of our project is to conserve biodiversity. It is possible
through plant tissue culture of endangered plant species.
More awareness must be created among people about
biodiversity and its protection. Schools and collages should
promote and organize workshop for PTC as it have a
valuable influence on conserving biodiversity. This
influence is indeed fruitful and long lasting.