The document summarizes key events related to slavery and western expansion between 1850-1860. It discusses the Compromise of 1850 which admitted California as a free state and established popular sovereignty in the Utah and New Mexico territories. Tensions rose as the Kansas-Nebraska Act established popular sovereignty in those territories, resulting in violence between pro- and anti-slavery settlers in "Bleeding Kansas." The 1857 Dred Scott decision found African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in the territories, further dividing the North and South. Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 without any Southern electoral votes, prompting several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.

1. Chapter 10
Section 1

2. Slavery and Western Expansion

Wilmot Proviso
 Any territory the US gained from Mexico would be slave free
 Passed in House but never got to the Senate
 Opposed by the Southern States

Popular Sovereignty
 Each new territory would decide for themselves if they were slave or free

Secession
 Taking states out of the Union
 South began talking about it if California would enter as a free state
 This would make the balance of power in the Senate unequal

3. Compromise of 1850

Was to ease tensions between the North and South over slavery
California enters as Free State
 Popular Sovereignty determines slavery in Utah and New
Mexico territories
 Texas and New Mexico boarder was resolved, New Mexico
gets more land and Texas gets 10 million dollars
 Slave Trade abolished in D.C., but not slave trade in US
 Federal Enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act


4. Section 2
 Effects
of Fugitive Slave Act
 Law unfairly sent free African Americans to the South
 Led to corruption in federal govt.
 Led to Northern Hostility toward the South

Underground RR
 Well organized system that helped slaves escape to the North
 Leaders were called conductors
 Harriet Tubman

5. Section 2

Transcontinental Railroad
 Railroad that would connect the eastern and western United States
 Led to a debate of where the RR would start and what direction it
would go

Kansas Nebraska Act
 Wanted settlement in Kansas and Nebraska Territories
 SLAVE OR FREE?
 divided Kansas into Slavery and Nebraska as a free state

7. 
Bleeding Kansas

Slave setters and anti-slave settlers were setting in Kansas

Boarder Ruffians-Pro slave men from Mizzou who stormed into KS and voted
illegally setting up a pro slave legislature

Free state settlers set up their own government ---KS has two governments at this
time

Lawrence Kansas was attacked by Boarder Ruffians who ransacked the town

Led to a nickname of Bleeding Kansas due to the territorial civil war between pro
and anti slave groups

Over 200 people died and millions of dollars of property had been destroyed

8. The Caning of Charles Sumner

Sumner was an anti-slave Senator from Massachusetts gave a speech
accusing the Southern Senators and Andrew Butler of South Carolina of
forcing Kansas into the ranks of slavery

Preston Brooks, a cousin of Butler beat Sumner savagely on the floor of the
Senate

Many southerners viewed Brooks as a hero

The event strengthened the Northern anti-slave movement

10. Section 3
 Political
Parties of the Era
 Whig—opposed Democratic
Party
 Democrat—Dominated by Southern Senators
 Liberty—abolitionists
 Free-Soil—made of Anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats
 Republicans—Strong opponents of slavery, still a party
today
 Know Nothings—anti Catholic and Anti immigration

11. Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott was a slave who lived for a time in a free territory

Sued for his freedom

Decided that African Americans were not citizens and could not
sue

Said that the govt could not limit slavery in the territories

Led to further distance between the North and South

12. Lincoln vs Douglas
 Held
a series of debates for Illinois Senate race
 Lincoln
opposed slavery and Douglas wanted Popular
Sovereignty
 Douglas
won the election but Lincoln gained new
support nationally in the Republican Party

13. John Brown

An extreme abolitionist

Moved to Kansas to help in the free settlers against slavery

Became a hero in the north

Led the insurrection in Virginia against slaveholders by raiding
Harpers Ferry

Was captured and hanged

14. Section 4
 Election
of 1860
Lincoln won without any southern state support
 Democratic vote was split between North and South, making
the candidates split votes vs Lincoln
 Set the wheels in motion for the secession of the southern
states


15. Causes

Slavery

Kansas Nebraska Act
Violence

John Brown’s raid

Confederates attacked Ft.
Sumter in South Carolina
Slavery outlawed in the
U.S.

Southern States rebuilt
their economy

African Americans gain
citizenship and the right to
vote

First Civil Rights laws were
passed
Southern States Secession


Dred Scott Ruling

Effects