The document outlines several key events and issues that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War, including disputes over the balance of power between federal and state governments regarding the issue of slavery, attempts at political compromises over the spread of slavery to new territories that failed to resolve the core disagreements, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 which prompted southern states to begin seceding from the Union.

1. CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR REVIEW

2. Which one has more power? State Governments Federal Government

3. Balance of Power One of the major issues that divided North & South and led to the Civil war Balance of power (Who has more power) State or National government? Southerners thought that the National government did not have the power to tell states whether slavery was legal or not Who’s in Charge?

4. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) 1.) Missouri became a slave state 2.) Maine became a free state. 3.) The 36’ 30’’ line was drawn to separate slave & non-slave states in the territories

6. Wilmot Proviso An amendment to a bill. The proviso would have outlawed slavery in the new territories acquired from Mexico, including California. The Proviso passed the house, but not the Senate The Wilmot Proviso, helped to create the Republican Party

7. Free Soil Party The first anti-slavery political party Started here in Buffalo Most of its members joined the Republican Party

8. Popular Sovereignty Voting in order to decide whether a territory should allow slavery or not when it becomes a state

9. COMPROMISE OF 1850 Another Compromise 5 parts 1.) CA = Free State 2.) Slavery in new territories issue to be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. 3.) ENDED slave trade in Washington D.C. 4.) Fugitive Slave Law 5.) Settled border problems between NM and TX.

10. FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT (1850) Part of the Compromise of 1850. REQUIRED citizens to catch runaway slaves. If a person did not comply, they could be fined up to $1000 or put in jail Judges received $10 if they returned a slave and $5 if they freed them. Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become a part of the system of slavery

11. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852) NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. It was written to show the EVILS of slavery After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery. Southerners said the book was full of LIES!

12. Kansas-Nebraska Act/Bleeding Kansas Stephen Douglas wanted the issue of slavery there to be settled by voting (popular sovereignty) Anti-Slavery Northerners & Pro-Slavery Southerners all move to KS They want to influence vote John Brown and Pottawattamie Massacre begins episode known as “Bleeding Kansas” Prelude to Civil War

13. Dred Scott was a slave. It went to the Supreme Court but he LOST. The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen but RATHER property and therefore he could not file a lawsuit. Also, they ruled that Congress could NOT ban slavery in any of the territories . This REPEALED the Missouri Compromise . Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. It meant slavery could spread into all the territories!

14. Republican Party 1 st political party to include abolition in their platform 1860 Republican, Lincoln wins Presidential election Southern states begin to secede because of 1860 election

15. Violence in the Senate Charles Sumner attacked by Preston Brooks Congressmen start packing heat North & South divide further What did you say about my cousin?

16. John Brown’s Raid Brown and posse attack armory at Harper’s Ferry, VA Goal: start a slave revolt throughout the South Brown caught and hanged. Southerners: John Brown is evil! Northerners: John Brown is a hero! North & South divide further Southern Nightmare!

17. Lincoln Douglas Debates Series of debates for Illinois Senate seat Lincoln lost After debates Lincoln became known nationally

18. ELECTION OF 1860 1 Republican (Lincoln) ran against 2 Democrats (Douglass, the Northern Democrat & Breckenridge the Southern Democrat) in the Presidential Election of 1860 . The Democratic vote was split, so Lincoln easily won a majority The Southern states did not like Lincoln or what he believed in. Southerners this showed the North had too much power! Many Southerners talked of SECEDING from the Union

19. Election of 1860

20. SECTIONALISM and SECCESSION! SECTIONALISM - the BELIEF that your part of the country (North or South) is more important than the rest of the country. This was a major cause of the Civil War! SECCESSION – breaking away from something as the southern states did from the Union. South Carolina was the first to do this and soon the Confederate States of America was formed.

21. FORT SUMTER April 11,1861 Union Fort in South Carolina Fort under UNION control however their supplies were running low. Confederacy asks Union to surrender fort. They refuse. Confederacy opens fire! April 13 th , the Union surrenders the fort.