3. Key Terms Discussed Missouri Compromise Abolition movement Free Soil Party Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas” Summer-Brooks Incident Underground RR Harriet Tubman Republican Party Abraham Lincoln Lincoln-Douglas Debates Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 John Brown and Harper’s Ferry Election of 1860 Secession Fort Sumter, S.C.
4. Slavery Divides the Nation In the 1840s, as the nation expanded, the question of slavery became more pressing. Southerners believed slavery should be allowed in the new western territories; many northerners believed it should not. Senate Adopts the Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 restored calm in short-term but led to new long-term crises. Sec 1: Slavery States’ Rights and Western Expansion
45. Sen. Stephen Douglas IL - (D) Proposes the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854: territories N of MO Comp line (1820) decide slavery by pop sov. Unravels the 1820 MO Comp and results in bloodshed in KS … “The Little Giant”
76. Crittenden Compromise Proposed six Constitutional amendments: Slavery prohibited north of 36°30'; recognized south of it. Future states admitted to Union from any territory with or without slavery as their constitutions provided. Congress forbidden to abolish slavery in places under its jurisdiction within a slave state, such as a military post. Congress could not abolish slavery in DC so long as it existed in the VA and MD. Congress could not interfere with slave trade. Full compensation to owners of rescued fugitive slaves. No future amendment could change these amendments, or authorize or empower Congress to interfere with slavery within any slave state. Also offered four resolutions: Fugitive slave laws were constitutional; should be observed. All state laws which impeded the fugitive slave laws were unconstitutional. Fugitive Slave act of 1850 should be modified by equalizing the fee schedule for returning or releasing alleged fugitives. Suppression of the African slave trade should be effectively and thoroughly executed. Sen. John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing, KY)
78. Lincoln’s reaction to secession “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to “preserve, protect, and defend it.” - Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861
81. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union.” - Lincoln, August 22, 1862
82. The Basic Causes of the Civil War Slavery State’s Rights vs. Federal Gov. Economic Differences Political Fears over Control of the Federal Government Cultural Differences Fanaticism Lincoln’s Reason for Fighting the War: 1861-1862: TO PRESERVE THE UNION. 1863-1865: TO PRESERVE THE UNION and end slavery.
