This document summarizes key events from 1850-1860 that led to increasing sectional tensions between the North and South and eventually the secession of southern states and onset of the Civil War. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1856 and 1860 which saw the Republican Party gain power in the North on an anti-slavery platform leading the South to secede after Lincoln's election in 1860.

1. The Union in PerilThe Union in Peril
CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10

2. Zachary TaylorZachary Taylor
 1212thth
PresidentPresident

3. Compromise of 1850
 California as freeCalifornia as free
statestate
 District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia
will abolish slavewill abolish slave
tradetrade
 Need Fugitive SlaveNeed Fugitive Slave
ActAct
 SouthwesternSouthwestern
territory open forterritory open for
slaveryslavery
 Decision underDecision under
popular sovereignty
(residents vote on(residents vote on
Henry Clay
Proposed:

4. Millard FillmoreMillard Fillmore
1313thth
presidentpresident
 Summer of 1850 Taylor died
 Congress accepted all terms of the
compromise
 Able to avert split

5.  Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law
 Any black caught will
stand before a
commissioner not a judge
 commissioner receive
$10 for capturing and only
$5 for freeing
 requires all citizens
to assist in capturing
fugitive slaves
 anyone helping slaves
escape will be fine $1000
or 6 months jail
 slaves escaped long time
can be captured
 free slaves can be easily
considered fugitive

7.  Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad
 network of men and womennetwork of men and women
that helped slaves escape fromthat helped slaves escape from
South to NorthSouth to North
 slaves- passengers
 backcountry roads- tracks
 farm wagons- trains
 shelter- station
 Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman
 escaped slave (Blackescaped slave (Black
Moses)Moses)
 risked life to help others to escaperisked life to help others to escape
 returned to save family
 $40,000 reward for her capture

8. Harriet BeecherStowe
 Wrote Uncle Tom’s CabinWrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 more than a million in copies/some
turned it into a play
 Depicted haunted scenes andDepicted haunted scenes and
images of slaves treatments;images of slaves treatments;
 increase sectional tensionincrease sectional tension

9. 1852 Presidential Election1852 Presidential Election
Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield
Scott John Parker Hale
Democrat Whig

10. Election of 1852Election of 1852
 Franklin PierceFranklin Pierce
 14th President14th President

11. The birth of RepublicanThe birth of Republican
Party 1854Party 1854
 Wanted slavery outWanted slavery out
of territoriesof territories
 Diverse group withDiverse group with
wide range ofwide range of
opinion (Whigs,opinion (Whigs,
Free Soiler)Free Soiler)
 From conservativeFrom conservative
to radicalto radical
abolitionistabolitionist

12. The “Know-Nothings”
(Political party)
 NativistsNativists
 Anti-CatholicsAnti-Catholics
 Anti-immigrantsAnti-immigrants

13.  Kansas-
Nebraska Act
1854
 Sen. Douglas
 Introduce a bill to
organize Nebraska
territory
 propose to divide
the territory
 repeal Missouri
Compromise
 applied popular
sovereignty

14. Battle for controlBattle for control  Missouri fear that slaves
would easily escape
crossing the border
 proslavery rushed toproslavery rushed to
KansasKansas
 Anti slavery rushed toAnti slavery rushed to
Kansas- fear proslaveryKansas- fear proslavery
will claim landwill claim land
 thousands proslavery
rushed to Kansas to vote
illegally winning a
landslide
 the antislavery andthe antislavery and
proslavery formed theirproslavery formed their
own governmentown government
 two government in the
territory.

15. Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas
 Lawrence (city)-antislavery town
 proslavery looted and burned
houses/bldgs
 John Brown took vengeance for
Lawrence
 Killed 5 proslavery

16.  Sen. CharlesSen. Charles
Summer madeSummer made
speechesspeeches
denouncingdenouncing
violence in Kansasviolence in Kansas
 Sen. PrestonSen. Preston
attacked Summerattacked Summer
with a cane to hiswith a cane to his
head severalhead several
times,times,
 Summer suffered
brain damage but
Preston was
showered with
cane (printed “hit
him again””
Sen. Charles Sumner
Congr. Preston Brooks

18. 1856 Election1856 Election
 Free Soiler Party-Free Soiler Party-
 oppose extension of slaveryoppose extension of slavery
into territoriesinto territories
 Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party
 nativistnativist- favor native born- favor native born
people over immigrantspeople over immigrants
 Birth of RepublicanBirth of Republican
 Whigs, Democrats and FreeWhigs, Democrats and Free
Soiler joinedSoiler joined
 DemocratsDemocrats
 supports popular sovereigntysupports popular sovereignty
and Kansas-Nebraska Actand Kansas-Nebraska Act
 showed nation dividedshowed nation divided

19. 1856 Election Results
James
Buchanan
15th
President

20. Dre d Sco tt v. Sanfo rd, 1857
 Scott- a slave taken aScott- a slave taken a
free state thenfree state then
returned to Missourireturned to Missouri
(slave state)(slave state)
 Suing for his freedomSuing for his freedom

21.  Does Scott has a right to sue?
 is his residence in a free state
made him free?
 Court ruled “NO” to both
 Ruled: slaves have no rightsRuled: slaves have no rights
and can not become a USand can not become a US
citizen therefore cannot suecitizen therefore cannot sue
 55thth
Amendment: no propertyAmendment: no property
(slaves) can be taken from their(slaves) can be taken from their
ownerowner
 declare Missouri Compromisedeclare Missouri Compromise
unconstitutionalunconstitutional
Supreme Court DecisionSupreme Court Decision
Scott, you have no right to sue.
You’re not a human being. You
are a property

22. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
 Democrat
 Sen. Stephen Douglas
 “Little Giant”
 Defended popular sovereignty
 Republican
 Abraham Lincoln -lawyer
 “Honest Abe”
 Argued for slavery to
cease

23. John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry,
1859
 led slaves in uprisingled slaves in uprising
 With 16 men marched to federal
arsenal and seized its weapons
and waited for slaves to rise in
rebellion
 mistakes: few slaves lived in
area- others does not know
Brown to risk their life for
 Brown linger for two days- all
escape route was cut off
 He was capture with
his men then hanged
 many northerners saw
him as a martyr
 others think he was a
lunatic

24. 1860
Presidential
Election
Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John Bell
Constitutional Union
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat

25. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming
Apart?!

26. 1860 Election1860 Election
 Abraham Lincoln
 16th
President
 the only one elected
by a sectional party
entirely in the North

27.  southerners more convinced that their future was bleak-
 south only have 1/3 white male population will always be
outvoted
 the only way left was to SECEDE (withdraw)
 South Carolina- first to leave- Dec 20, 1860
SECESSION!!!

28.  formed Confederate
States
 stress sovereignty and
independence of each
state as well as slaves
held as property
 chose Jefferson
Davis as their
president
 Six other southern states followedSix other southern states followed
 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Texas)
 South Carolina
 Mississippi
 FFlorida
 LLouisiana
 AAlabama
 GGeorgia
 Texas

29.  Buchanan was aBuchanan was a lame ducklame duck
 Can only watched the development
 Could do little until Lincoln as inauguratedCould do little until Lincoln as inaugurated