This document summarizes the human skeletal system. It discusses that the skeletal system has four main functions: protecting organs, producing blood cells, providing structure, and enabling movement. It then lists the 206 bones in the human body, categorizing them into long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. The document describes the three types of connective tissue - cartilage, ligaments, and tendons - that support joints. It explains the three classifications of joints - fixed, slightly movable, and synovial freely movable joints. Injuries like sprains, fractures, scoliosis, and kyphosis are also summarized.

4.  Protecting our internal organs
 Manufacturing blood cells
 Supporting and giving shape to the body
 Facilitating movement with the help of
muscles
 Storing minerals such as calcium

6.  Skull and upper jaw = 21
 Each ear has 3 tiny bones = 6
 Lower jaw (mandible) = 1
 Front neck bone (hyoid) = 1
 Backbone or spine = 26
 Rib (12 pairs) = 24
 Breastbone = 1

7.  Each upper limb has 32 bones: 2 in shoulder, 2
in arm, 8 in wrist, 19 in hand and fingers = 64
 Each lower limb has 31 bones: 1 in hip, 4 in
leg, 7 in ankle, 19 in foot and toes = 62

8. 1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Flat bones
4. Irregular- shaped bones

9.  Clavicle
 Radius
 Metacarpals
 Femur
 Fibula
 Humerus
 Ulna
 Phalanges
 Tibia
 Metatarsals

10.  Tarsals
 Carpals
 Petellas

11.  Cranium (Skull)
 Sternum
 Ribs
 Pelvis
 Scapula

12.  All bones in the spinal column.

13.  A joint is the area where bones meet.

14.  There are three types of connective tissue in and
around joints:
 Cartilage -This sits on the ends of bones within
a joint to stop the two ends from rubbing
 Ligaments -These connect bones to bones and
help keep the joint together
 Tendons -These connect muscle to bone and
usually cross a joint so that the associated
muscle can cause movement at the joint

15.  Fixed Joints
 Slightly moveable joints
 Synovial or Freely moveable joints

16.  Fixed joints is where one bone is connected
directly to another bone.
 The joints do not move under normal
conditions
 Found in the skull and pelvis

17.  The bones of these joints are separated by a
layer of cartilage.
 Found in the spine and ribs
 They allow limited movement

18.  There are five types of freely moveable, or
synovial joints

19. 1. Ball and Socket
2. Hinge
3. Gliding
4. Pivot
5. Saddle
6. Condyloid

21. 1. Bones become stronger in order to deal with
the stress that exercise places on them.
2. The cartilage at the end of bones becomes
thicker and better at shock absorption.
3. Tendons become thicker and more capable
of withstanding greater force.
4. Ligaments will stretch slightly to enable
greater flexibility at the joint.

22. 1. Sprains
2. Fracture
3. Scoliosis
4. Kyphosis

23.  A sprain is an injury to a ligament or to the
tissue that covers a joint.
 Most sprains happen when bones of the joint
are twisted in a direction they do not
normally twist.

24.  Sprains are treated using the R.I.C.E method
 Rest
 Ice
 Compress
 Elevate

25.  A fracture is a broken bone.
 Types of factures:
1. Closed
2. Open
3. Multiple
4. Comminuted
5. Greenstick
6. Spiral

26.  Scoliosis is a sideward curve of the spine.
 It affects your posture causing difficulty in
standing straight.

27.  Kyphosis is a forward bending of the spine.
 The person appears to be leaning forward.

28. 1. What are the four types of bones?
2. How many bones do we have in our body?
3. Where are the smallest bones in the body
found?
4. What is a joint?
5. What are the 3 types of joints?
6. The skeleton is divided into 2 sections.What
are they?
10marks

29. Please do EnjoyYour Day!!