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Animal tissues
- 1. ANIMAL TISSUE A PRESENTATION BY: MOUSOOFA NASRIN CLASS:IX
- 4. TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES Animal tissues are of four types: Connective tissues Epithelial tissues Muscular tissue Nervous tissue where connective, epithelial and muscular tissues are again classified.
- 5. CONNECTIVE TISSUES Connective tissues are tissues that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs. These tissues are hard as a bone or has fluid like structure as of blood. The cells of the connective tissues are called fibroplast and they are scattered in a matrix. This matrix is called intercellular matrix or extracellular matrix. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system.
- 6. Types of Connective tissues Connective tissues are classified into: 1.Areolar 2.Adipose 3. Ligament 4.Tendons 5. Cartilage 6.Blood 7.Bone
- 7. Areolar connective tissue Areolar connective tissue is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow. It fills the space inside organs, supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissues.
- 8. ADIPOSE TISSUE Adipose tissue is composed of fat globules. This tissue is found below the skin and beneath the organs. Adipose tissue provides insulation and works as a cushion
- 9. LIGAMENT ,TENDONS AND CARTILAGE Ligament connects two bones each other. It is very elastic and has considerable strength. Ligaments contain very little matrix. Tendons connects muscles to bones. They are fibrous tissues with great strength but limited flexibility. Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, covering and protecting the ends of the long bones at joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many more other body components. It is not as hard and rigid as bone, but it is stiffer and less flexible than muscle. It has widely spaced cells. The solid matrix is composed of proteins and sugars.
- 10. BLOOD Blood is the red fluid that circulates in our blood vessels, i.e. veins and arteries. The main function of blood is to act as the body’s transport system, but it also has a major role in the body’s defense against infection. There is no substitute for blood. It cannot be made or manufactured. Blood has a fluid matrix called plasma where red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended. The plasma contains proteins, salts and hormones.
- 11. BONE A bone forms the framework that supports the body. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals and also enable mobility as well as support for the body. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions.
- 12. EPITHELIAL TISSUES The Epithelial tissue forms the covering or lining of most of the organs. The cells of epithelial tissue are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet. There is a small amount of cementing materials between the cells and no intercellular space is present. Permeability of the epithelial tissue plays a great role in exchange of materials among various organs. It also plays an important role in osmoregulation. All epithelial tissues are separated by the underlying tissue by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane.
- 14. Types of Epithelial Tissues Epithelial tissues are classified into : 1.simple sqaumous epithelium 2.stratified sqaumous epithelium 3.coloumnar epithelium 4.ciliated epithelium 5.cuboidal epithelium and 6.glandular epithelium
- 15. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- 16. SIMPLE AND STRATIFIED SQAUMOUS EPITHELUIM Squamous epithelium has flat and thin cells with no intercellular spaces. Squamous epithelium provides mechanical support and is found in the outer layer of the skin, lining the cavities of ducts, blood vessels and the chambers of the heart. Stratified epithelium has epithelial cells lined up one over another. It is found in the epidermis of the skin, the lining of the
- 17. COLOUMNAR AND CILIATED EPITHELIUM Columnar epithelium consists of cylindrical cells. It is found in the lining of the stomach and intestines, and facilitates the movement of nutrients across the epithelial barrier. Ciliated epithelium consists of columnar cells with cilia. These cilia push the mucus forward into the nasal tract to clear it.
- 18. CUBOIDAL AND GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM Cuboidal epithelium consists of cubical cells. It is found in the lining of the kidney tubules, salivary glands and thyroid glands, where it provides mechanical support. Glandular epithelium consists of modified columnar cells, and is found in the sweat glands and tear glands to produce
- 19. MUSCULAR TISSUE Muscle tissues are made up of muscle cells. These are elastic in nature they have tensile strength. They bring about movement in the organism. These muscles can be voluntary or involuntary in function. Muscular tissues are of three kinds namely striated muscles, unstriated muscles and cardiac muscles.
- 20. STRIATED,UNSTRIATED AND CARDIAC MUSCLES Striated muscles is also termed as voluntary muscles and skeletal muscles. They are cylindrical, unbranched and multinucleated. They have dark and light bands or striations. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary control. Unstriated muscles are also called involuntary muscles and smooth muscles. They are called smooth muscles because they have no light or dark bands, or striations. They appears in a spindle shape and not under voluntary control. They are commonly seen in alimentary canal, uterus and iris of an eye. Cardiac muscle is an involuntary, striated muscle that is found only in the walls of the heart and thus known as heart muscles. They are 68 branched and uninucleate. They are
- 22. NERVOUS TISSUE Nervous tissue is the tissue which works in coordinating the organs of the body by generating impulses. It is made up of special cells called as neurons. Each neuron consists of a cell body, which contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, called cyton, and elongated hair- like extensions, called dendrites. One of the dendrites, called the axon, is very long. Nervous tissues are found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves.