The document discusses the role of nanotechnology in Ayurvedic medicine. It explains that concepts in Ayurveda like reducing particle size and the process of Bhasma preparation for metals and minerals are ancient applications of nanomedicine. The processes of Shodhana, Bhavana and Marana used in preparing medicines like Bhasmas help reduce particles sizes and expose more surface area, producing effects similar to nanomedicines. Analysis has shown some Ayurvedic medicines like Swarna Bhasma and Naga Bhasma contain nanoparticles, supporting the idea that ancient Ayurvedic preparation techniques can be considered a form of early nanotechnology.

1. ROLE OF NANO TECHNOLOGY IN
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE
By,
Dr. Sujit Kumar
2nd year PG Scholar
Guided By -
Dr. Vaidehi V. Raole
Professor
Dept Of Kriya Sharira
Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Vadodara
Dr. Sujit Kumar Role of Nano Technology in Ayurvedic Medicine, Mahoushadhi 2019
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2. INTRODUCTION
 Concept of reduction in particle size  Charaka
Samhita(1500 B.C)  Louhadi rasayana.
 Concept of Bhasma preparation  7th century.
 Bhasmas  the unique Ayurvedic metallic/mineral
preparations  metals or minerals are treated with
herbal juices or decoctions make them into pellets 
exposed to certain quantum of heat as per Puta.
 Bhasmas  the most ancient application of Nano
medicine.
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3. AYURVEDIC MEDICINES LIKE BHASMA
 Shodhana
 Bhavana
 Marana
Influence of Shodhana on Ayurvedic Medicine preparation:
 Shodhana procedures: help either in the disintegration of
molecules or particles to divide into finest divisions
 To expose their maximum surface area for further
chemical or physical reaction
 To help these in making organo metallic compounds
 make them more acceptable by the body tissues and
organs. 3
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4. NIRVAPAN
Heating
Linear expansion
Immediate cooling
Decrease in tension & increase in compression force
Repetition of heating & cooling
Disruption in compression tension equilibrium
Increased brittleness, reduction in hardness & particle size
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5.  Bhavana  Wet grinding  shodhita
metals/minerals with specific liquid media for
specific period  convert them into more finer
form.
 Helps in conversion of coarse powder to finer
state.
 Impregnation of properties of media to the
material which lead to unique and suitable
physicochemical changes.
 Facilitate further processing  Marana.

AYURVEDIC MEDICINE PREPARATION
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6. JARANA
 Jarana is the intermediate procedure for the
metals having low melting point, between
Shodhana and Marana.
 Metals are melted  mixed with particular plant
drug powders  are rubbed by iron ladle until
metals become complete powder form.
 Oxidation of metals occurs during heating at
open air , which increases the melting point of
the metal.
 Facilitates reduction of particle size.
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7. CONCEPT OF MARANA
 The process which converts purified metals and
minerals into Bhasma after subjecting them to
levigation and incineration is called Marana
Role of Marana
 Marana responsible for feasible changes 
converts these industrial materials 
magnificent medicine.
Decease in size of Increase in no of puta
particle
 Conjugation of trace elements
 Elimination of impurities.
 Formation of desirable compounds which are
biologically favorable to the body. 7
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8. Ashodita Shodhita Powder of Metal Bhavana
Chakrika Sharava samputa Puta Bhasma
STAGES OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE (BHASMA)
PREPARATION
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9. CHARACTERISTICS OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE
 Physical - Varitara, Rekhapoorna,
Slakshnatwa, Sookshmatwa, Anjana sannibha,
Varna, Nishchandra
 Chemical – Apunarbhava , Nirutta
Credentials of Ayurvedic Medicine
Rasayana Yogavahi Alpa
matra
Shighra vyapti Agni deepana
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10. NANO MEDICINE (0.1-100NM)
 Monitoring, repairing, construction and control of
human biological systems at the cellular level by
using material and structures engineered at the
atomic or molecular level.
 Importance
 Target specificity
 Encapsulation efficiency
 Carry high concentration drug
 Efficient drug release
 Ability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB)
 Reduction in peripheral side effects of drugs by
decreasing over all dose of drugs 10
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11. SYNTHESIS OF NANO PARTICLES
 Detection of Nano particles in Ayurvedic Medicine
 Environmental Electron Microscopy
 Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)
 Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)
 Cryo TEM
 Fast Freeze Fracture
 Confocal Laser Scanning
 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis(EDAX)
 AAS
 X-Ray induced Photo Electron Spectroscopy(XPS)
 PHYSICAL METHODS
 CHEMICAL METHODS
 BIOLOGICAL METHODS
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12. AYURVEDIC MEDICINE (BHASMA) ACT
AS A NANO PARTICLE
 Swarna Bhasma –The Swarna bhasma was analyzed
qualitatively through FTIR (Fourier Transmission
Infrared Spectroscopy) results showed that the final
product is almost pure Gold (Au) in zero valency state.
 Yashada Bhasma – Oxygen deficient state and are
in nano meter in size.
 Naga Bhasma, it was found that drug contains lead
in nano crystalline (60nm), lead sulphide form with
organic contents. It was found to be safe in histo
pathological study on rats at dose of 6mg/100g/day.
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13. CONCLUSION
 Ayurvedic Medicine preparations and Bhasmas
are the best example of Nano technology & Nano
medicine practiced during the ancient period.
 Shata puta, Sahasra puta Bhasmas are the
indirect reference for the concept of conversion of
drug to Nano medicine.
 Ancient knowledge of Bhasmeekarana may cover
the currrent scientific validation of Nano
Technology.
 Bhasma - Safe, Quick, Effective Remedial
Measure.
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14. THANK YOU
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