The document discusses Bhasma, a unique Ayurvedic preparation where metals or minerals are treated with herbal juices or decoctions to make them into fine particles. There are three key steps to creating a Bhasma: Shodhana for purification, Bhavana involving wet grinding, and Marana which uses incineration to further reduce particle size. The Marana process, with repeated heating and cooling, converts the materials into a fine powder with desirable properties for therapeutic use. Properly prepared Bhasma has characteristics like being fine enough to enter finger crevices, floating on water, and not reversing back into its original form after preparation.

1. BHASMA

2. INTRODUCTION
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medicine.
 Concept of reduction in particle size  Charaka
Samhita(1500 B.C)  Louhadi rasayana.
 Concept of Bhasma preparation  7th century.
 Bhasmas  the unique Ayurvedic metallic/mineral
preparations  metals or minerals are treated with herbal
juices or decoctions make them into pellets  exposed
to certain quantum of heat as per Puta.
 Bhasmas  the most ancient application of Nano

3. BHASMA
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 Shodhana
 Bhavana
 Marana
Influence of Shodhana on Bhasma preparation:
 Shodhana procedures: help either in the
disintegration of molecules or particles to divide into
finest divisions
 To expose their maximum surface area for further
chemical or physical reaction
 To help these in making organo metallic compounds
 make them more acceptable by the body tissues
and organs.

4. Nirvapa
Heating
Linear expansion
Immediate cooling
Decrease in tension & increase in compression force
Repetition of heating & cooling
Disruption in compression tension equilibrium
Increased brittleness, reduction in hardness & particle size
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5.  Bhavana  Wet grinding  shodhita
metals/minerals with specific liquid media for
specific period  convert them into more finer
form.
 Helps in conversion of coarse powder to finer
state.
 Impregnation of properties of media to the
material which lead to unique and suitable
physicochemical changes.
 Facilitate further processing  Marana.

LEVIGATION) ON BHASMA
PREPARATION
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6. JARANA
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 Jarana is the intermediate procedure for the
metals having low melting point, between
Shodhana and Marana.
 Metals are melted  mixed with particular plant
drug powders  are rubbed by iron ladle until
metals become complete powder form.
 Oxidation of metals occurs during heating at
open air , which increases the melting point of
the metal.
 Facilitates reduction of particle size.

7. CONCEPT OF MARANA
 The process which converts purified metals and
minerals into Bhasma after subjecting them to
levigation and incineration is called Marana
Role of Marana
 Marana responsible for feasible changes 
converts these industrial materials 
magnificent medicine.
 Increase in no of puta
particle
 Conjugation of trace elements
 Elimination of impurities.
Decease in size of
 Formation of desirable compounds which are
biologically favorable to the body. 7

8. Ashodita Shodhita Powder of Metal Bhavana
Chakrika
s
Sharava samputa Puta Bhasma
STAGES OF BHASMA PREPARATION
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9. CHARACTERISTICS OF BHASMA
 Physical - Varitara, Rekhapoorna, Unama,
Slakshnatwa, Sookshmatwa, Anjana sannibha,
Varna, Nishchandra
 Chemical – Apunarbhava , Niruttha
Credentials of Bhasma
Rasayana
Yogavahi
Alpa matra
Shighra vyapti
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Agni deepana

10. Standardization
• Tests 1 Description/Colour/Odour
• 2 Identification –chemical composition.
• 3 Particle size mesh size — 200 – 300.
• 4 Loss on drying at 105 C
• 5 Total – ash
• 6 Acid – insoluble ash
• 7 Water soluble ash
• 8 Assay of element (s)
• 9 Ayurvedic specifications
• 10 Lustreless (Nishchandrica)
• 11 Fine enough to enter the crevices of finger (Rekha purnatva)
• 12 Floats on water (Varitara)
• 13 Smokeless (Nirdhoom)
• 14 Tasteless (Niswadu)
• 15 Irreversible (Apunar bhav)
• 16.NPST