1. Satvapatana is the process of extracting the therapeutic active material from metal ores through various pharmaceutical procedures. It aims to obtain the active principle from the ore in a purified form with minimal dosage. 2. The document discusses the classification, references, requirements, techniques, and characteristics of satvapatana. It compares satvapatana to modern metallurgical extraction techniques. 3. While satvapatana and metallurgy both aim to extract metals, satvapatana focuses on the therapeutic properties whereas metallurgy aims for pure commercial metals. The satva obtained is further processed for therapeutic use.

1. SATVAPATANA
DEPARTMENT OF RASA SASHTRA AND BHAISHAJYA KALPANA
Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Ayurveda and Hospital Hassan
Presenter
Dr.Saranya Sasi
Final PG Scholar
Guide
Archana Pagad
Assistant Prof
31-May-18 1Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

2. 31-May-18 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan 2
CONTENTS
1. Introduction (Satvapatana)
2. Classification of Satvapatana
3. References of Satvapatana, Yantras used, Supportive dravyas
4. Importance,Aims and uses of Satvapatana
5. Basic requirements
6. Suddavarta Lakshana
7. Modern technique of metal extraction
8. Satvapatana and Metallurgy
9. Articles
10.Discussion
11.Conclusion
12.Reference

3. Satvapatana
क्षा्रषम्लद्रषवकै र्युक्तं ध्र्षतमषकषरकोष्ठके |
र्स्ततो निर्ुत: सषर: सत्वनमत्र्निधीर्ते || (R.Cu. 4/38)
Dhatu Trituration Kshara amla or dravaka dravya
Satvapatana koshti
Musha
Satva
The process of ‘sattva’ extraction from any of the ‘dhatu dravya’
through various pharmaceutical procedure is called as ‘Satvapatana’
E.g; Abraka , Chapala, Haratala eg
31-May-18 3Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

4. Classification
I. Based on source
Dhatu roopa (Metal form)
Eg. Abraka satva,
Swarnamakshika satva
Adhatu roopa (Non-Metal form)
Eg. Haratala
II. Based on Origin:
i. Mineral – Abhraka, Vaikranta etc
ii. Animal - Bhunaga, Mayurapiccha
iii. Herabal - Kankushta
III. Based on Collection:
i. Sublimating form of Satva (Hg)
ii. Non-Sublimating form (Fe,Cu)
31-May-18 4Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

5.  Nagarjuna – 1st mentioned about Satvapatana
Reference:
• Ananda Khanda (36)
• Rasendra mangala (8)
 Yantra’s Used for Satvapatana
• Musha
• Koshti
• Dhamaru Yantra
• Patana Yantra
 Supportive Dravyas used for Satvapatana
• Tankana (Borax), Coal, H2SO4
Ushna, Tikshna, Dhatudravaka & Shodhana
Lower MP of satva in ore
Act as Reducing agents
•Rasarnava (9)
• Rasaratnakara (19)
31-May-18 5Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

6. Importance of Satva
• While using uparasa etc in yogas their satva is more beneficial
 Aims of Satvapatana
• To obtain the active principle of that ore that is free from all blemishes
• To minimize dose without lowering its efficacy
• To involve it in further procedures like calcination etc.
 Uses of Satva
Mercurial Processing Therapeutic use
• Charana and Jarana samskaara of
Parada
 Vayastambha - abhraka satva –
internally
 Rasayana Property
 Harmless, highly potent, superior (RRS)
31-May-18 6Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

7.  Basic Requirements for satvapatana:
a. Satvayukta materilas: metals and minerals having ores
Herbal – by crushing and macerating in water and sediment
Metals having lower M.P/Vapourising Point – by sublimation (Parada)
Metals having highet M.P – by using Dravaka gana
b. Dravaka Varga: Dravaka varga and Mitrapanchaka (Gunja, Madhu, Guda,
Grutha, Tankana, Guggulu) – helps displacing metals from the source
Flux : substance added to the molten metals to bond with impurities can be readily
removed e.g Tankana (acts : reducing the MP & helping in formationof slag)
Slag : waste material which is removed in .
Poling: Green log of wood which is used to stir the molten metal (Metal oxides –
reduced – reacting with hydrocarbon gases that are liberated.) Guggulu – helps
to accelerate the process
Reducing Nature of Carbon: Carbon Reacts with Oxygen in 2 ways
C + O2 CO2 ------------- (1) @ 9320K
2C + O2 2CO -------------(2) @>9320K
Law of Thermodynamics - < 9830K – carbon monoxide – energetically a better
reducing agent than carbon31-May-18 7Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

8. Auto reduction: Some reduction reaction does not require the reducing agents.
Cations – least electropositive metals – reduced without use of any
additional reducing agents. Also called as AIR REDUCTION
e.g; extraction of Pb, Hg, Cu etc.
In manufacture of Mercury the sulphide ore (Cinnabar) is heated in a current of air when
Following reactions occur –
2HgS + 3O2 2HgO + 2SO2
2HgO 2Hg + O2
2HgO + HgS 3Hg + SO2
Similarly, for Cu, where the sulphide and the oxide act together, at an elevated
temperature to give the metal
Cu2S + 2Cu2O SO2 + 6Cu
Catalyst : Organic acids of a plant source – Gunja – extract of gunja are thermo stable
c. Agni : Depends upon the dravya involved in satvapatana
d. Musha: Vajra musha (intense heat) Samanya Musha (mild to moderate heat)
e. Koshti: Angara Koshti (Katina dravya) , Patala Koshti (Mrudu Dravya) , Gara
Koshti(31-May-18 8Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

9. Suddavarta Lakshana: Characteristics of flame during satva extraction
(Rasarnava) (RT) (RRS)
Swarna Satva : Yellow flames
Rajata Satva : White flames
Tamra satva : Bluish flames
Teekshana loha satva : Black flames
Naga satva : Black flames
Shilajatu satva : Gray flames
Loha satva : Kapila flames
Sasyaka satva : Red flames
31-May-18 9Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

10. MODERN TECHNIQUE OF METAL EXTRACTION
The method used to extract metals from the ore in which they are found depends on
their reactivity.
For example,
reactive metals such as aluminium are extracted by electrolysis
less-reactive metal such as iron may be extracted by reduction with carbon or
carbon monoxide.
Aim: Enhancing metal percentage in the ore
Phases:
1.Concentration of ore : by hand picking, gravity separation, magnetic concentration,
electrostatic concentration, froath floating process
2.Calcination: to expel organic matter, volatile matter, moisture
3.Roasting: to oxidize the ore
4.Reduction to free metal : Melting, Heating in the air, Reduction by Aluminium,
electrometallurgy, Amalgamation method, Hydrometallurgy
5.Refining/Purification : Liquation, Distillation, Oxidation, Electro fining
31-May-18 10Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

11. Satvapatana and Metallurgy
Satvapatana Metallurgy
 Aims at extracting the therapeutical
active material
 Subjected for shodhana and marana
(extracted metal)
 The properties of live metal
(Jivayukta) are obtained from its ores
(Therapeutically)
 Aims at extracting the pirest forms of
metal for commercial purpose
 The reduced metal is subjected for
refining processes
 The metal is dead form of ore
(Therapeutically)
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14. DISCUSSION
31-May-18 14Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan
 Satvas are different from metals
 Selection of mitra panchaka are varied acco: to nature of satvayukta
dravya
 Satvapatana technique was practiced in small scale with a therapeutic
motto behind it
 This procedure dose not explain the large scale extraction of metals
that time
The aim of satvapatana is entirely different from aim of metallurgy.
Hence both
cannot be the same
 Thermodynamically satvapatana is an Isochoric (unchanged vlume)
and to some
extent it is isobaric process (unchanged pressure)
 Satva obtained is again processed to make it therapeutically fit.

15. CONCLUSION
o Satvapatana is ment to extract the therapeutically active
principles from the ore
oSatvapatana aims at extracting substances which is
pharmacologically effective than mettallurgically pure.
oSatvapatana technique has faded in recent years
31-May-18 15Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

16. Reference
1. Rasa ratna samuchaya , Choukhambha Samskruta Samsthana 2009
2. A text book of Rasasashtra Dr.Ravindra Angadi, Chaukhambha Surbharati
Prakashan
3. Kinetic Chemistry of Satvapatana – Article – An International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences Oct-Dec 2017
4. Chemistry of Satvapatana - Agnihotry Pandey – Articlde- International Journal of
Applied Ayurveda and Research
31-May-18 16Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan