This document provides information on various types of ratnas (gems and precious stones) according to Ayurveda. It begins by defining ratnas as the best gems known for their qualities and properties. Ratnas are divided into animal and mineral products, as well as two main groups - ratna varga and upratna varga. Nine main ratnas are then described - manikya, mukta, parval, taksharya, pukhraaj, hira, neelam, gomeda, and vaidurya. For each ratna, the document provides details on chemical composition, qualities, doshas, shodhana (purification) process, and medicinal

1. PRESENTED BY :
DR. PRITIKA
ASSISTANT PROF. ,
BKAMCH COLLEGE DAUDHAR MOGA PUNJAB
RATNA VARGA

2. INTRODUCTION
 Ratnas are those which are considered the
best with regards to qualities and properties
in their respective groups.
tkrkStkS;nqRd`“Va rf)jRuaizp{krs A
 It includes both animal and mineral products.
They are well known as gema and precious
stones.
 It is divided into two groups:
Ratna varga

3. CONT….
 Upratna varga
A gem stone is a piece of mineral crystal
which, in cut & polished form, is used to make
jewellery & other adornments.
 Synonyms :
Ratna, mani, varpashan

4. NAMES OF RATNA
 Nine ratna have been described by Ras
Ratna Samuchyaa. These are:
ekf.kD;eqDrkQyfonzqekf.krk{;Z p iq”iafHknqjap uhye~A
xksesndap fonwjdap dzes.k jRukfuuoxzgk.kke~AA
Manikya , mukta, parval, taksharya, pukhraaj, hira,
neelam, gomeda, vaidurya.

5. RELATIONSHIP WITH NINE GRAHA(PLANET)
NAME OF RATNA HINDI NAME ENGLISH
NAME
GRAHA
Manikya Manik Ruby Surya -sun
Mukta Moti Pearl Chandra -Moon
Vidrum Praval Coral Mangal -mars
Taksharya Panna Emerald Budha - mercury
Pushapraga Pukhraaj Topaz Guru -jupiter
Bhidura Hira Diamond Shukra -venus
Nilam Nila Sapphire Shani-saturn
Gomedaka Gomeda Zircon Rahu
Vaidurya Lahsuniya Cat’s eye Ketu

6. TYPES OF VARIOUS RATNA
 Mineral origin: manikya, taksharya,
pushapraag, vajra, neelam, gomeda,
vaidurya
 Pranij origin: mukta, praval
 Vanaspatik: trinkant, sangemusha
QUALITIES OF RATNA:
Sawcha, laghu, chamakdar, ashatfalak,
shatkona

7. DOSHA OF RATNA
 According to various acharya, there are five
types of dosha:
1. Grasa : opaque/ black spoted
2. Trasa : discolouration
3. Bindu: presence of grains/erosions
4. Rekha: lines/boundaries
5. Jalagarbhta : presence of bubbles

8. SHODHANA
 Samanya shodhna: jayanti sawrasa, kumari
sawrasa, tanduliyak sawrasa, amal dravya,
kshara dravya, gomutra- dolayantra – 1
prahara
 Vishesh shodhana – R.R.S.

9. VISHESH SHODHANA
RATNA SHODHNA DRAVYA
Manikya Amla dravya
Mukta Jayanti sawrasa
Praval Kshaar varga
Panna (taksharya) godhudh
Pukhraaj Kulath kwatha/ sandhan
Vajra Tanduliya
Neelam Nilani sawrasa
Gomeda Gorochna
Vaidurya Trifala

10. MARANA
 Marana dravya –
1. Manhashilla
2. Hartala
3. Gandhaka
 Gajputa , -- 8 puta for hiraka bhasma

11. RATNA DRUTI
 For dravanartha –
1. Hing,
2. Panchlavana
3. Traya kshaar
4. Navsadar
5. Amalvetas
6. Snuhikasheer etc.

12. MANIKYA
 Chemical formula Al2O3,
also contains iron,
chromium, titanium oxide
 Hardness : 9
 Specific gravity: 4
 Synonyms : manikya, padamraga, raviratna,
kuruvinda etc
 Its colour is deep red due to presence of iron
and chromium in small amount

13. TYPES
 Two types :
1. Padamaraga
2. Neelgandhi
 Acceptable variety (grahya )
It should be like raktakamalvata, vrita, ayata,
samgatram
 Pure manikya examination : it should
emanate red rays on coming in contact with
the morning sun, even when put in milk , it
will make the milk look red.

15. DOSE., USES
 Dose –
¼ ratti to ½ ratti
 Uses –
medhya, rasayaana, ayushya, vaatpitnashak

16. MUKTA
 Chemical formula: CaCO3
 Hardness : 3.5
 Synonyms : mukta, moktik,
shashiratna, shashipriya,
ambhsara
 It is believed that if a drop of rain water falls
inside a shukti floating in sea water in swati
nakshatra.

17.  Cultured pearls are cultivated in various
countries. The live oyster – shells are opened
, minute pieces of pearl are kept inside and
they are left into sea. After ripening of pearl,
they are collected . The pearl are obtained by
cycloid worms. They kept forming layers on
the nucleus. These are of two varieties, one
contains calcium carbonate and other
conchialine.

21. ORIGIN
 Acc to origin, it is of eight types:
1. Shuktij
2. Shankhaj
3. Hastija
4. Varahaj
5. Sarpaj
6. Matasyaj
7. Darduraj
8. Venuja

22. ACCEPATBLE QUALITY
 Vrita,sathula,guru,shuchi
 Shaweta , laghu, snigdha, rashmivitnirmal.
The pearl, which are rough,uneven,blackish in
colour, lustreless, dirty, opaque, half white,
contains nodules should be rejected.

23. DOSHA
 4 Mahadosha, 6 sadharana dosha
Examination : the pearl is rubbed against
paddy husk and washed with cow’s urine, on
which natural one doesn’t show any change,
while artificial one gets roughened or looses
lusture.
Bhasamikaran: (R.T.) Grounded with Gulab
jala and put into 3 laghu puta.
White in colour & formed as CaO2 may has
corrosive effect on buccal cavity on direct use.

24. MUKTA PISHTI
 Purified mukta is grounded with gulab jala for
two days- , preserved and used as mukta
pishti.
 DOSE:
25mg to 100mg

25. PRAVAL (CORAL)
 Chemical formula:CaCO3
 Hindi name: Praval, Munga
Coral is marine living organism known as
Anthozoan polyp. According to zoology, it is
coralligenous zoophytus.
 Druma is tree and prefix, “vi” suggests the
peculiarity in the sense that it is a peculiar –
tree grown in water.

26. FORMATION OF PRAVAL:
 It is said that these species, are attached to
one another continuously that appears like a
plant/tree shape. The hardening process of
pravala, from soft stage to ripened condition
is divided into 3 stages:
 Zoontheria
 Rugosa
 Alcyonaria

28.  Formation of Pravala is seen abundantly in the
Central Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Red Sea,
Shores zanzibar, Madagascar etc.
 GRAHYA PRAVALA:
Pakwabimbiphala , vrita, aayata, avakram,
snigadha, sathula
 AGRAHYA :
Pandur, dhusar, ruksha, savarnam,
kotar(holes),shubhram

29. VARIETIES
 Four types (Ratna vigyan)
1. Brahma jaati: aruna, shashak rakta, komal,
sanigdha
2. Kashtriya : japa, bandhuk flower, dadima
kusumaprbha.
3. Vaishya : palasha kusum, patalasanibha
4. Shudhra : rakta, utpal dalakar, kathina

30.  A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem
characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs
are formed of colonies of coral polyps held
together by calcium carbonate. Most coral
reefs are built from stony corals, whose
polyps cluster in groups.

31. TYPES
 According to shape:
1. Paraval shakha
2. Praval Mula: (honey comb)reef
 Shodhana : Dola yantra- 3 hours
Also dipped in hot water with amla dravya.
 Marana : Aloe vera- 3puta
 Chandra puti praval pishti: 21 days with gulab
jala
 DOSE:
½ ratti – 2 ratti

32. GUNA-KARMA-UPYOGA:
 Madhura , laghu, sheeta, alkaline in taste,
deepan, pachana, hitkar, tridoshghna, balya,
vrishya,
 Kashya, kasa, ratri saweda hara etc.
 200mg of pravala mixed with honey is taken
to alleviate night sweating.
 Acc. to unani therapeutics, pravala bhasma
is administered in childern who suddenly
wake up from sleep in the nights.

33. MARAKATA (TAKSHARYA)
 Chemical formula: 2BeOAl2O36SiO2
 Hardness : 7- 7.5
Green colour of precious stone due to sesque
oxide. The content Neryl in this, is considered
to be poisonous and acts as antidote to
poisons.
This is worn on right little finger of hand, on
Wednesday .
It is identified by observing changelessness in
its lustre even after rubbing , exposing to
sunlight .

36. GRAHYA
 Harita varna, guru (heaviness), snigdha
(smoothness), rashmich,
shubhram(lustrous,) msrina, bhasurum(good
look).
 AGRAHYA :
kapila, karksha, neel, pandur, krishna,
malayukta, chipit, vikit, rukshm, laghu,
 DOSE:
25mg-100mg

37. They are beautiful healing crystals for you to use and
are highly sought after as one of the most valued
stones, as from within them emerges the purest form
of green ray energy.
Within all of nature, in the plants and the grass and
the trees you can see this clear green color, and the
energy of the green ray.
The energy of nature itself is embodied within stones
that carry the green ray, like green stones.
This lovely stone has many excellent metaphysical
qualities, which is why it was chosen to be a May
birthstone and is commonly used in engagement
rings, as it has a strong loving vibration.

38. PROPERTIES
 Balya,vishghana, jawara, chardi, pandu
shofaghna, ojo vardhana, amalpithara etc.

39. PUSHPARAGA(TOPAZ)
 Hindi name: pukhraja
 Chemical name: Al2SiO4(FOH)2
 Hardness: 8
Types :
Two types- by colour : white, yellow
The white is confused with diamond can be
differentiated by estimation of hardness and less
reflection seen in Topaz.

40. 44 carat white topaz

41. Uncut topaz

42. CRITERIA FOR GOOD PUSHPRAAG
 Guru, snigdha, sawcha, sathula, sam, mridu,
having colour kranikar flower, and become
bright on rubbing against testing stone.
 AGRAHYA :
nishprabham, karkasha, ruksha,
peetshyama, kapish, kapilam, pandu
 shodhana : dola yantra- kulatha kwatha
 Dose : 25 mg to 100mg

43. USES
 Vish chardi, kaphavaatnashaka,
dahakushthaghna
 Vishghna, daahprashamna

44. VAJRA (DIAMOND)
 Chemical formula: C
 Hardness :10
 The Indian and Arabian diamonds are
considered most valuable because of their
hardness.
 Diamonds are made of carbon so they form
as carbon atoms under a high temperature and
pressure; they bond together to start growing
crystals. ... That's why a diamond is such a
hard material because you have
each carbon atom participating in four of these
very strong covalent bonds that form
between carbon atoms.

46. TYPES
 Nara,
 Nari
 Napunsaka
 Nara vajra is identified by shape of eight
edges, eight surfaces, six angles, stunning
brightness, reflecting the VIBGYOR colours
of rainbow.
 Ashatasra, ashatfalaka, shatakona,
atibhasuram, ambuindradanurvaritaram

47.  Nari vajra: flat, round in shape (chipitkar.
Vartula)
 Napunska
Types according to colour:
Shaweta : brahmin: rasayana
Rakta : kshatriya: vyadhi naashak
Peeta : vaishya: dhanprada, dehdadyakra
Krishna: shudra : vyadhinashak, vayasatmbha

48. DOSHA OF VAJRA
 Bindu : looks like drop of water, spot of any
colour in side the diamond is bindu dosha-
looses all his wealth
 Kakpada: the mark in diamond looks like foot of
crow- death
 Yava : the barley shaped mark in the diamond, if
this white in colour , it is considered good.
 Mala : impurity or partial opacity in the diamond
is mala dosha
 Rekha: criss cross lines in diamond are called
rekha that gives bad luck to wearer.

49. MINEROLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
 Isometric hex-octahedral
 Dose :1/32-1/16 ratti
 USES:
yogavahi, hridya param, shadarasa,
rajykshma har, pandushothahara,
tridoshnashak

50. NEELAM (SAPPHIRE)
 Hardness: 9
 Chemical composition: Al2O3
 Synonyms: nilamani, nilopalaha, saniratnam,
mahanila, indranila
 If this is dominated by chromium and iron it
would be called Manikya, while cobalt and
iron make it nilam(bluish in colour).

51. VARIETIES
 Jalanila
 Indranila
 The one which is white internally and blue
externally is called jalanila.
 Indranila has blue colour internal and black
externally.

52. GRAHYA
 Swascha,msrina, guru, mahaujjwala,
snigdha, guru
 AGRAHYA:
raktardham, ruksha, laghu, komal

55. Wearing a blue
sapphire protects against
danger, travel problems, terror,
thieves, accidents and problems
from storms, fire, or natural
disasters. It can cause financial
fortunes to change for the
better, help with a person's
career, and make the wearer
rich. It can free one of mental
anxiety

56. PROPERTIES
 Dose : 1/8 to ½ ratti
 USES: tridosha, varnya, shawasakashara,
vrishya, deepan, vishamjawrahara

57. GOMEDA
 English name : zircon
 Chemical name: ZrSiO4
 Hardness: 7.5
 Grahya : suswacha gojalachaya, sawcha,
snigdha, samam guru, nirdala, misrina
 Agrhya: vischaya(no lusture), laghu,
rakshanga, patalavinta, nishprabham,
peetkayabham

60. PROPERTIES:
 Kaphapittaghna, kshayapandughna, deepan,
pachan, ruchi, budhiprobobhna
 Dose:
1/3th ratti- 1/2ratti

61. VAIDURYA (CATSEYE)
 Hardness 8.5
 It is available in two varieties: chrysoberyl
and quartz
 Yellowish green, brown
 Chemically : BeAl2O4
 Grahya :
shyamshubram, sam, sawcham, guru,
safutam,

64. PROPERTIES
 Raktpitghna, pragyaayurvalvardhnam,
deepan, balyam, chakshushyam,
malabhednam,
 Ushnaamla, kaphamarutanm, gulamhara
 Dose : 1/4th ratti- 1ratti