The Political Structure of Society
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Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher in a bilingual section in Alcorcón (Madrid) learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
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This document discusses the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and citizen groups in politics and governance. It argues that politics involves not just formal government structures, but also the actions of social groups and their interactions with government. NGOs and citizen groups can play an important role by organizing communities, advocating for people's interests, linking the powerful and disempowered, and providing alternative mechanisms for delivering social services. They can help facilitate greater citizen participation in policymaking and enhance democracy.
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This document defines key concepts related to states and their features. It explains that a state is a political community that exercises sovereign authority over a defined territory through institutions like government. The four essential elements of a state are sovereignty, government, territory, and people. Sovereignty refers to a state's jurisdiction and independence, while government is the machinery through which the people's will is implemented. States can be classified as effective, weak, or failed based on factors like their control of territory and obedience to laws.
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- Institutions are the formal and informal rules that govern economic interactions and structure social relationships.
- Reciprocity refers to an expected return after exchanging a gift or product between two parties.
- Transfer payments are monetary payments from one party to another without goods or services exchanged in return, such as government welfare programs.
- Redistribution is when a government takes income from wealthy citizens and businesses and distributes it to less wealthy citizens.
- Market transactions involve voluntary exchanges between buyers and sellers, such as purchases using money, loans that are provided with interest and must be repaid, and mortgages that enable home purchases.
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Social institutions are organizational systems that satisfy basic social needs by linking individuals to culture. The main social institutions are family, education, economy, religion, and polity. They operate in the key areas of kinship, power, distribution of goods/services, knowledge transmission, and relation to the supernatural. Social institutions are universal and regulate behavior through established frameworks.
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This document discusses several key concepts related to politics and identity. It defines a state as a political entity with organized government and fixed territory, while a nation is a cultural identity based on shared traits. When states and nations do not align, it can cause political conflicts. Language, religion, and ethnicity are also discussed as potential bases for national identity that have led to political issues, especially when fundamentalist interpretations emerge or differences divide populations.
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1. Communism
2. Socialism
3. Liberalism
4. Conservatism
5. Fascism
6. Feminism
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
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This document defines the key concepts of state and government. It identifies four essential elements that make up a state: people, territory, sovereignty, and government. It describes the functions of government as constituent and ministrant. Various forms of government are also outlined based on factors like the number of rulers, the relationship between national and local governments, and the separation of powers. Key powers inherent in the state are also defined, including police power, eminent domain, and taxation.
Civil Society
Civil society refers to uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values. It includes non-governmental organizations, community groups, advocacy groups and more. Civil society plays a vital role in democracy by allowing private initiative separate from government. Diversity is an important element of civil society, recognizing differences in individuals. Non-governmental organizations are legally constituted groups created by private organizations without government participation or representation.
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The document defines the key elements of the state as population, territory, government, and sovereignty. It provides definitions of the state from various scholars and thinkers. The state is distinguished from society, nation, and government. The state is a permanent political organization that exists within a defined territory and population. Government is the temporary institution through which the state functions and enforces laws. A nation refers more to a people joined by ethnic or cultural ties, while a state is a legal political entity.
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Political Science is the study of how power is achieved, shared and used in governance and global relations. It examines concepts like the state, government, politics, and authority. The discipline aims to understand principles of public affairs and help address social issues.
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The document discusses levels of local government in the Philippines and decentralization. It outlines the different levels which include autonomous regions, provinces, cities/municipalities, and barangays. Autonomous regions have more powers than other local governments. Provinces are the highest level outside autonomous regions. Cities can be independent, component, or part of provinces. Municipalities are always part of provinces. Barangays are the smallest division. The document also defines decentralization as transferring power and authority from central to local governments to make them more self-reliant. The aims of decentralizing include improving economic development and services at regional/local levels.
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- Institutions are the formal and informal rules that govern economic interactions and structure social relationships.
- Reciprocity refers to an expected return after exchanging a gift or product between two parties.
- Transfer payments are monetary payments from one party to another without goods or services exchanged in return, such as government welfare programs.
- Redistribution is when a government takes income from wealthy citizens and businesses and distributes it to less wealthy citizens.
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Social institutions are organizational systems that satisfy basic social needs by linking individuals to culture. The main social institutions are family, education, economy, religion, and polity. They operate in the key areas of kinship, power, distribution of goods/services, knowledge transmission, and relation to the supernatural. Social institutions are universal and regulate behavior through established frameworks.
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This document discusses active citizenship. It defines active citizenship as being engaged in energetic work and participation within a society with both rights and responsibilities. Some key aspects of active citizenship include respect, honoring duties, being informed, compassion, active involvement, working together, sustainable solutions, self-development, and maintaining a safe, stable, and clean environment. The document notes that active citizenship is not the same as being charitable, just voting, just protesting, or having civic membership. It also discusses some drivers of active citizenship like innovation, entrepreneurship, productivity, and social involvement.
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Citizenship refers to membership in a political society that implies duties of allegiance and protection. There are two main ways to acquire citizenship - involuntary through birth or voluntary through naturalization. Citizenship can also be lost voluntarily through actions like obtaining foreign citizenship or involuntarily through actions during wartime. The Philippines follows jus sanguinis in determining citizenship for children based on the citizenship of their parents. Naturalized citizens are prohibited from practicing dual allegiance to the Philippines and another country. The document outlines the rights and duties of citizens, including being loyal to the republic and defending the state.
States and Nations
This document discusses several key concepts related to politics and identity. It defines a state as a political entity with organized government and fixed territory, while a nation is a cultural identity based on shared traits. When states and nations do not align, it can cause political conflicts. Language, religion, and ethnicity are also discussed as potential bases for national identity that have led to political issues, especially when fundamentalist interpretations emerge or differences divide populations.
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
1. Communism
2. Socialism
3. Liberalism
4. Conservatism
5. Fascism
6. Feminism
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
CONCEPT OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT
This document defines the key concepts of state and government. It identifies four essential elements that make up a state: people, territory, sovereignty, and government. It describes the functions of government as constituent and ministrant. Various forms of government are also outlined based on factors like the number of rulers, the relationship between national and local governments, and the separation of powers. Key powers inherent in the state are also defined, including police power, eminent domain, and taxation.
Civil Society
Civil society refers to uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values. It includes non-governmental organizations, community groups, advocacy groups and more. Civil society plays a vital role in democracy by allowing private initiative separate from government. Diversity is an important element of civil society, recognizing differences in individuals. Non-governmental organizations are legally constituted groups created by private organizations without government participation or representation.
Community Engagement Part4
The document discusses community action and engagement. It defines key concepts like resilience, vigilance, and accountability. It outlines a 5-point community initiative model of engagement, planning, implementation, development, and sustainability. The purposes of community action are described as addressing issues facing marginalized groups, and involving youth. Competencies around solidarity and contribution to community development are also presented.
State nations-and-globalization-2-1.pptx1
The document discusses the key elements that define a modern state: population, territory, government, and sovereignty. It explains that states emerged in Europe between the 12th-17th centuries as feudal systems broke down and were replaced by sovereign states. The 1648 Peace of Westphalia established the principles of modern international relations, including state sovereignty, equality among states, and non-intervention in other states' affairs.
State and its elements
The document defines the key elements of the state as population, territory, government, and sovereignty. It provides definitions of the state from various scholars and thinkers. The state is distinguished from society, nation, and government. The state is a permanent political organization that exists within a defined territory and population. Government is the temporary institution through which the state functions and enforces laws. A nation refers more to a people joined by ethnic or cultural ties, while a state is a legal political entity.
Political Parties And Electoral Politics
The document discusses political parties and electoral politics in the Philippines. It defines political parties, describes their characteristics and types based on membership, activities, and ideological orientation. It also examines the functions and importance of elections, voting activities, and challenges to the quality of elections in the Philippines.
Human Rights, Dignity and the Common Good
Human dignity, rights, and the common good are essential principles that recognize the inherent worth of every human being. All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Human dignity involves respecting individuals and protecting them from humiliation, degradation, dehumanization, and objectification. Upholding human rights requires respecting civil, political, social, economic, and the rights of the accused. The common good involves establishing conditions for all members of society to fulfill themselves through public order, prosperity, and intellectual and moral well-being.
Nation & state
A nation-state is a country where the borders of the state encompass a territory inhabited by a group of people who share a common culture, language, religion, and history. In a nation-state, everyone typically speaks the same language and shares similar cultural values. Before the rise of nation-states in Europe in the 18th century, the dominant political entities were multi-ethnic empires that ruled over diverse populations but were dominated by a single ethnic group. A key characteristic of modern nation-states is that their territories are considered sacred and non-transferable between rulers.
Introduction to Political Science
Political Science is the study of how power is achieved, shared and used in governance and global relations. It examines concepts like the state, government, politics, and authority. The discipline aims to understand principles of public affairs and help address social issues.
Decentralization and local governance
The document discusses levels of local government in the Philippines and decentralization. It outlines the different levels which include autonomous regions, provinces, cities/municipalities, and barangays. Autonomous regions have more powers than other local governments. Provinces are the highest level outside autonomous regions. Cities can be independent, component, or part of provinces. Municipalities are always part of provinces. Barangays are the smallest division. The document also defines decentralization as transferring power and authority from central to local governments to make them more self-reliant. The aims of decentralizing include improving economic development and services at regional/local levels.
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The Political Structure of Society
- 1. María Jesús Campos learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com Sources: Geography and History 3.1. Ed. Vicens Vives
- 2. Geopolitics Studies how society is organised in relation to geographic space. Focuses on the study of states, how they exercise their sovereignty, their relations with other states, supranational organizations, etc.
- 6. The State has the right to power Establishes laws Ensures compliance with laws Maintains order within the territory Protects the territory from foreign threats Collects taxes and provides public services and general infrastructure Runs and regulates the economy Establishes international relations with other states
- 7. The political powers of the State Legislative Power Judicial Power Executive Power Parliaments or Assemblies Courts of Justice and Judges Government
- 9. The state works thanks to the administration (different organisations dedicated to different functions, such as justice, health, education, finance, public works…) Politicians Civil Servants
- 13. Democracy The people have sovereignty (citizens vote to elect the government): Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Rule of law: Constitution Separation of powers: - Parliament: Legislative functions - Government: Executive functions - Judicial courts and Judges: Judicial functions Freedom of expression and different political parties.
- 14. Legislative power (Parliament) •Makes laws •Controls the executive branch •Approves general proposals •Chooses the president (depends on the country) Executive power (The Government) •Regulates and executes laws •Establishes the government’s priorities and objectives •Rules over the country Judicial power (The Courts and Judges) •Have judicial independence •Arbitrate in conflicts •Punish people and institutions that do not obey the law
- 16. Free Plural Universal suffrage Periodical Characteristics of elections in democratic states
- 18. Types of States Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Republics Non- democratic Absolute Monarchies Dictatorships They can be •Liberal •Social They can be •Centralised •Decentralised
- 23. Developed by María Jesús Campos Chusteacher Wikiteacher