The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes the elements hydrogen and helium as the lightest and most abundant in the universe. It also notes that atoms are electrically neutral, with negative charges from electrons balancing out the positive nucleus. Further, it provides details on protons, neutrons, and electrons as well as how elements are organized by atomic number and mass. Key groups of elements like metals, nonmetals, transition metals, and metalloids are outlined according to their typical properties.

1. The Periodic Table

2. Mendeleev did not know that some elements existed
but thought they did and left room for them.
•The element hydrogen (H) is the lightest and most
abundant element in the Universe.
•Atoms are electrically neutral! The cloud of negative
charges exactly balances the positive nucleus.

3. Neutron Neutral 0 1.674954 x10 (-24)
Proton Positive +1 1.672649 x 10 (-24)
Electron Negative -1 9.109534 x 10(-28)
Particle Charge Mass
Shell levels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Electrons 2 8 18 32 32 18 8

4. Elements
Symbol Element Latin Word
• Ag Silver Argentum
• Cu Copper Cuprum
• Fe Iron Ferrum
• Pb Lead Plumbum
• Hg Mercury Hydragyrum
• K Potassium Kalium
• Na Sodium Natrium
• Au Gold Aurum

5. Element Cell
3
Li
6.9
Atomic Number →
# protons or electrons
→Atomic Mass Number
# protons and neutrons
Atomic Mass Number – Atomic Number =
# of Neutrons

6. Li - 2 ;1
Shell levels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Electrons 2 8 18 32 32 18 8

7. Metals
• Hard, shinny, malleable, ductile, conduct
heat and electricity
• Alkali Metals (IA) +1
– Same traits of metals except soft
– Most reactive metals-never found free in
nature
– In pure form placed under oil so will not react

8. • Alkaline Earth Metals (IIA) +2
– Very reactive
– Not found pure in nature
Magnesium: in chlorophyll, Epsom salts
Calcium: plaster, mortar, glass, Lime (CaO)
Strontium: fireworks
Barium: x-rays
Radium: Cancer

9. Transition Elements
• III B –II B
• All metals
• Sub groups – short Families
• 1 to 2 electrons
• High melting point and hard
• Ions are colored

10. Non-metals
• Are poor conductors of electricity and heat
• Reactive with other elements
• Solid non-metals are dull and brittle
• Ten of the 16 are gases at room
temperature.

11. Families of Non Metals
• Carbon family IV A +/- 4
• Nitrogen family V A -3
• Oxygen family VI A -2
• Halogen family VII A -1
• Noble Gases VIII A 0

12. Metalloids
• Have characteristics of both metals and
nonmetals.
• All are solids at room temperature.
• They are brittle, hard and somewhat
reactive.
• The most useful property of the metalloids
is their varying ability to conduct electricity.