This document summarizes the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals according to a 10th grade chemistry class. It describes that metals are solid, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, and react with oxygen to form metal oxides. Non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas, are not malleable or ductile, conduct heat and electricity poorly, and have lower melting and boiling points than metals. The document provides examples of reactions of metals like copper and aluminum with oxygen forming metal oxides, and how some metal oxides like sodium oxide and potassium oxide react with water to form bases.

1. Radhika Bhati
Class -10th B

2. Metals and Non-Metals
Class – 10th B
Subject – Science (Chemistry)
Name of the teacher – Mrs. Hema Bhatia mam
School – St. mary’s Convent Sr Sec School, Faridabad

3. Physical properties of matter :-
 Metals are solids (except mercury).
 Metals are hard (except Lithium, Potassium, Sodium).
 Metals have metallic lusture (shine).
 Metals are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets).
 Metals are ductile (can be drawn into wires).
 Metals have high melting points (Gallium and ceasium have low melting points.
Thy melt in the palm of the hand).
 Metals have high boiling points.
 Metals are good conductor of heat(best conductors are silver and copper. Poor
conductors are lead and mercury).
Metals are good conductors of electricity (best conductors are silver and copper).
 Metals are sonorous (produce sound when beaten).

4. Physical properties of Non-Metals :-
 Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases.
 Non metals are soft (except diamond which is the hardest natural
substance).
 Non metals do not have lusture (except iodine crystals).
 Non metals are not malleable.
 Non metals are not ductile.
 Non metals which are solids and liquids have low melting points.
 Non metals which are solids and liquids have low boiling points.
 Non metals are bad conductors of heat.
 Non metals are bad conductors of electricity (except graphite).
 Non metals are not sonorous.

5. Chemical properties of metals :-
1)Reaction with oxygen -
Metal react with oxygen to form metal oxide.
When copper is heated it combines with oxygen to form copper oxide.
2Cu +O2 2CuO
When aluminium is heated it combines with oxygen to form aluminium oxide.
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3
Some metal oxides are basic oxides because they react with water to form bases.
4Na + O2 2Na2O
Na2O +H2O 2NaOH
K + O2 K2O
K2O + H2O 2KOH
Some metal oxides show acidic and basic properties. They are called amphoteric oxides. Eg :-Aluminium oxide, Zinc oxide,
etc .
Al2O3 + 6HCL 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O