This presentation describes lots about the metals and non-metals. It also talks about the periodic tabe, physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals and usses of them. Go ahead and learn beyond the Earth's crust as scientists still continue to dicover new things around the earth. After going through this presentation you will have complete understanding about the metals and non-metals.
Enjoy!!
2. Content Layout
Location of Metals & Non Metals in the periodic table
Metals: Facts & Figures
Physical properties of Metals
Chemical Properties of Metals
Use of Metals and Alloys
Non-metals: Facts & Figures
Physical Properties of Non-metals
Reaction of Non-metals with oxygen
Uses of Non-metals
Few exceptions
4. Metals: Facts & Figures
Metals lie on the left side of the periodic table.
There are more metals than Non-metals in the Earth. Around 80% of the
elements found are Metals.
Common metals found in Earth’s crust are Iron, Aluminium, Copper, Mercury,
Platinum and Gold.
Metals found in the Earth’s crust are found mixed with rocks and other
impurities called ores. These metals are extracted from their ore through
various chemical and physical processes.
Gold, Silver, Platinum are precious metals because they are rarely found and
expensive.
5. Physical properties of Metals
Hard and Strong
Shiny
Good conductors of Heat and Electricity
Sonorous
Ductile(Can be easily drawn into wires)
Malleable(Can be beaten into thin sheets without breaking)
High Melting and Boiling points
High Density
Most are Solid at room temperature except Mercury.
Magnetic
6. Chemical properties of Metals
Metals react with oxygen to form oxides.
Sodium + Oxygen Sodium Oxide
Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium Oxide
Metal oxides are bases and some metal oxides such as Sodium Oxide and
Calcium oxide, dissolve in water to form alkalis.
Metal oxides neutralize acids and form salt and water.
Metals form positive ions. Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+.
Metals are also mixed with other elements to enhance some of their
properties. These mixtures of metals are called alloys. Eg: Stainless Steal and
Brass
7. Uses of Metals and Alloys
Use of Iron: Iron is used to make swords, horseshoes, utility-hole covers and
they combine with carbon to make steel cutlery and car bodies.
Use of Aluminum: Aluminum is used to make aircrafts and power cables only
because they have a low density, do not corrode in air, light weight and
conduct electricity.
Use of Zinc: Zinc is used to galvinize metals to prevent them from rusting and
making batteries.
Use of Copper: Copper is used to make electrical wires, lightning conductors,
hot water cylinders and copper-bottomed pans because they are malleable,
ductile and very good conductor of heat and electricity.
Brass(70% Copper, 30% Zinc): Brass is used in making of ornaments, musical
instruments and door handles and fittings.
Steel and Stainless Steel: widely used in kitchen utensils and decorative
items.
Silver & Gold: Ornaments & Jewellery
10. Non-Metals: Facts & Figures
Non-Metals are not in abundance and not as striking in appearance as metals.
Some are color-less and are found in the Earth’s crust, the oceans, the
atmosphere and the living things.
Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen are the 3 most common elements.
Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and is the lightest of
all elements. It is color-less, odor-less and combines with oxygen to form
water.
Nitrogen is color-less, odor-less and non-reactive. It forms 77% of the air
around us.
Oxygen is the most useful element that helps human beings and living things
survive. It is very reactive.
11. Physical properties of Non-Metals
Dull and weak(Breaks easily)
Low Melting and Boiling points
Low dense
Solid, liquid or gas at room temperature
Bad conductors of heat and electricity
Not Sonorous
Not ductile and malleable
Not magnetic
12. Reaction of Non-metals with Oxygen
A non-metal reacts with oxygen to form an oxide.
Sulphur + Oxygen Sulphur dioxide
Most oxides of non-metals are soluble. When they dissolve in water they form
acids.
Sulphur dioxide + Water Sulphurous acid
13. Use of Non-Metals
Non-Metal Uses
Carbon Diamond – Jewelry, saws, drills, scalpel
Graphite – Pencil leads, lubricants
Oxygen 1. Life support systems
2. For welding and cutting metals
Hydrogen 1. Making products from oil
2. Chemistry of carbon and hydrogen is called organic
chemistry and is a very big part of our life. All the
petroleum, coal, plastics, proteins, medical drugs
and carbohydrates are combination of
organic(carbon and hydrogen).
Sulphur 1. Medicines
2. Sulphuric acid
3. Dyes and Pesticides
4. Cosmetics, shampoos and body lotions.
N,P,K, NH3(Ammonia) 1. Fertilizers(most wide usage of all 3 elements)
Chlorine 1. Purifying Water
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15. Few exceptions
The only metal that is liquid at room temperature is Mercury. Mercury is very
useful and is used in thermometer.
The only non-metal liquid at room temperature is Bromine.
Carbon has a high melting point, but is a non-metal. Carbon is the most
widely used element in earth.
Carbon(Graphite), even though it is a non-metal it conducts electricity.
Graphte electrodes are made that are used in welding.
Iodine has a shiny surface and looks metallic, but is a non-metal. Iodine is
used in Salts (Iodised Salt),
