Sedimentary rock is formed through the weathering of existing rock into sediments by forces like weathering, erosion, and deposition. These sediments are then compacted and cemented into sedimentary rock over time. There are two main types of sedimentary rock - clastic sedimentary rock which is formed from compacted sediments, and chemical sedimentary rock which forms from minerals precipitating from water. Sedimentary rock can provide clues about Earth's history through features preserved in the rock like ripples, mud cracks, and fossils.

1. Sedimentary Rock

2. Sedimentary Rock
 Sedimentary rock is created when existing rock breaks down
into sediments, and then the sediments are recombined by
compaction and cementation

3. Sedimentary Rock
 Sediments are created by three forces:
 Weathering
 Erosion
 Deposition

4. Weathering
 Weathering is any process that breaks down rock.
 There are two types of weathering
 Chemical weathering
 Mechanical weathering

5. Chemical Weathering
 Chemical Weathering is the transformation of rock into
one or more new compounds
 Water is the most important agent of chemical weathering

6. Mechanical Weathering
 Mechanical weathering occurs when physical forces break
rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing its
composition

7. Mechanical Weathering
 Three forces account for the majority of mechanical
weathering:
 Frost wedging
 Unloading
 Biological Activity

8. Frost Wedging
 When liquids freeze they expand, causing rock to break
apart.

9. Unloading
 Unloading occurs when pressure is removed from a rock
body causing it to expand and break

10. Biological Activity
 The activities of plants and animals can cause rock to
break apart
 For example tree roots can break through rock layers, or
borrowing animals creating holes in rock.

12. Erosion
 Erosion is the removal of rock and its movement by water,
wind, ice, or gravity.

13. Deposition
 When water, wind, ice or gravity loses energy the sediments
are released and deposited in a new area.
 Sediments are deposited according to size, with larger
sediments being released first

14. Sedimentary Rock
 Compaction and cementation are the two processes that
change sediment into sedimentary rock.

15. Compaction
 Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts
sediments

16. Cementation
 Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are
deposited in tiny spaces among the sediments.
 These minerals hold the sedimentary rocks together

17. Classification of Sedimentary Rock
 Sedimentary rocks like igneous rock can be classified into
two groups based on how the form:
 Clastic Sedimentary Rock
 Chemical Sedimentary Rock

18. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are created when weathered
bits of rocks or minerals are cemented together

19. Chemical and Biochemical
Sedimentary Rocks
 Chemical Sedimentary rocks are created when dissolved
minerals precipitate from water solutions
 Biochemical Sedimentary rocks are created when living or
once living materials are cemented together

20. Features of Sedimentary Rock
 Sedimentary rock can have unique features that can help us
interpret the history of the Earth.
 Some Features include:
 Ripples
 Mud Cracks
 Fossils