The Nervous System
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The document discusses the nervous system and defines two medical suffixes: -plegia and -esthesia. -Plegia refers to paralysis, such as monoplegia which is paralysis of one limb, or paraplegia which is paralysis of the lower body and legs. -Esthesia refers to sensation, such as paresthesia which is an abnormal sensation like tingling, or hyperesthesia which is an excessive sensation that may involve feeling things that are not present. The nervous system coordinates all body activities by sending and receiving information.
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Ch. 12 the nervous system-JBS
The nervous system receives sensory information and sends motor commands. It is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves). The document discusses medical suffixes -plegia (paralysis) and -paresis (weakness) as they relate to nervous system disorders. Examples are given such as Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and spinal cord injury for -plegia and Parkinson's disease, transient ischemic attack, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis for -paresis. Causes and treatments are described for some of these conditions.
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The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The presentation focuses on two suffixes related to the nervous system: -phasia, relating to speech, and -esthesia, relating to sensation. Aphasia refers to loss of ability to communicate through language and can result from stroke or head injury. Paresthesia is a burning or tingling sensation that can be a symptom of neurological disorders or nerve damage. Hyperesthesia is increased sensitivity of the senses.
Suffixes of the Nervous System
The document discusses two suffixes related to the nervous system: -esthesia and -plegia. -Esthesia refers to sensation, sensitivity, or perception. It is combined with prefixes to form terms describing conditions affecting sensation, such as hypoesthesia (diminished sensitivity). -Plegia means stroke or paralysis and is combined with prefixes to form terms like paraplegia (paralysis of the legs) and hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body). Examples are provided of medical terms using each suffix related to nervous system functions, dysfunctions, and injuries.
Nervous system
The document discusses the nervous system and different types of paralysis. It explains that the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. It then defines several medical terms related to paralysis, including hemiplegia as partial or total paralysis on one side of the body. Hemiplegia can be present at birth or occur later in life, and is often caused by a brain lesion or stroke disrupting blood flow to the brain.
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Dysphasia refers to difficulty with speech caused by brain damage. It can cause problems expressing and comprehending language. Ataxia is a lack of muscle coordination that affects movements, speech, eyes, and swallowing. It has several types including cerebellar ataxia from cerebellum damage, sensory ataxia from loss of position sense, and vestibular ataxia involving the inner ear. Causes include vitamin deficiencies, brain lesions, drugs, and mercury exposure. Treatment focuses on physical and occupational therapy, mobility devices, and managing daily challenges.
The nervous system, parts, function, illness and diseases
The nervous system is the body's information gatherer, storage center and control system. It collects information from inside and outside the body and sends it to the brain for analysis, then sends signals to initiate responses. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves connecting to the rest of the body). The peripheral system includes the somatic system for voluntary movement and autonomic system for involuntary functions like heart rate. The autonomic system has the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions that work in opposition to regulate normal and stress responses. Common nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's, which causes dementia, and Parkinson's, characterized by movement issues from dopamine neuron loss.
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The brain is the center of the nervous system located in the head and protected by the skull. It contains billions of neurons that communicate through long fibers called axons. While protected, the human brain is susceptible to damage from head injuries, strokes, diseases, and disorders. The cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres, each with four lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Each hemisphere primarily interacts with the opposite side of the body through crossed connections in the brain and spinal cord.
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This presentation discusses various types of paralysis that can occur due to damage or disease affecting the nervous system or specific areas like the brain, spinal cord, or cranial nerves. It defines different types of paralysis like paraplegia, affecting the lower limbs; hemiplegia, affecting one side of the body; quadriplegia, affecting all four limbs; and monoplegia, affecting a single limb. It also discusses analgesia or sensitivity to pain, and how analgesics work to relieve pain by blocking pain signals or interfering with pain interpretation in the brain.
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The nervous system receives sensory information and sends motor commands. It is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves). The document discusses medical suffixes -plegia (paralysis) and -paresis (weakness) as they relate to nervous system disorders. Examples are given such as Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and spinal cord injury for -plegia and Parkinson's disease, transient ischemic attack, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis for -paresis. Causes and treatments are described for some of these conditions.
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The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The presentation focuses on two suffixes related to the nervous system: -phasia, relating to speech, and -esthesia, relating to sensation. Aphasia refers to loss of ability to communicate through language and can result from stroke or head injury. Paresthesia is a burning or tingling sensation that can be a symptom of neurological disorders or nerve damage. Hyperesthesia is increased sensitivity of the senses.
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The document discusses two suffixes related to the nervous system: -esthesia and -plegia. -Esthesia refers to sensation, sensitivity, or perception. It is combined with prefixes to form terms describing conditions affecting sensation, such as hypoesthesia (diminished sensitivity). -Plegia means stroke or paralysis and is combined with prefixes to form terms like paraplegia (paralysis of the legs) and hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body). Examples are provided of medical terms using each suffix related to nervous system functions, dysfunctions, and injuries.
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The document discusses the nervous system and different types of paralysis. It explains that the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. It then defines several medical terms related to paralysis, including hemiplegia as partial or total paralysis on one side of the body. Hemiplegia can be present at birth or occur later in life, and is often caused by a brain lesion or stroke disrupting blood flow to the brain.
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Dysphasia refers to difficulty with speech caused by brain damage. It can cause problems expressing and comprehending language. Ataxia is a lack of muscle coordination that affects movements, speech, eyes, and swallowing. It has several types including cerebellar ataxia from cerebellum damage, sensory ataxia from loss of position sense, and vestibular ataxia involving the inner ear. Causes include vitamin deficiencies, brain lesions, drugs, and mercury exposure. Treatment focuses on physical and occupational therapy, mobility devices, and managing daily challenges.
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The nervous system is the body's information gatherer, storage center and control system. It collects information from inside and outside the body and sends it to the brain for analysis, then sends signals to initiate responses. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves connecting to the rest of the body). The peripheral system includes the somatic system for voluntary movement and autonomic system for involuntary functions like heart rate. The autonomic system has the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions that work in opposition to regulate normal and stress responses. Common nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's, which causes dementia, and Parkinson's, characterized by movement issues from dopamine neuron loss.
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The brain is the center of the nervous system located in the head and protected by the skull. It contains billions of neurons that communicate through long fibers called axons. While protected, the human brain is susceptible to damage from head injuries, strokes, diseases, and disorders. The cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres, each with four lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Each hemisphere primarily interacts with the opposite side of the body through crossed connections in the brain and spinal cord.
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This presentation discusses various types of paralysis that can occur due to damage or disease affecting the nervous system or specific areas like the brain, spinal cord, or cranial nerves. It defines different types of paralysis like paraplegia, affecting the lower limbs; hemiplegia, affecting one side of the body; quadriplegia, affecting all four limbs; and monoplegia, affecting a single limb. It also discusses analgesia or sensitivity to pain, and how analgesics work to relieve pain by blocking pain signals or interfering with pain interpretation in the brain.
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This document describes the structure and function of the nervous system. It explains that sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system, relay neurons carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons, and motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effectors like muscles. It also describes the reflex arc pathway and how reflex responses allow the nervous system to quickly react to stimuli without involving consciousness. Finally, it explains that the central nervous system plays a role in processing information and coordinating responses.
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1) Language function is primarily located in the left hemisphere, with Broca's area responsible for speech production and Wernick's area in the superior temporal lobe responsible for speech comprehension.
2) Injuries to the upper motor neurons can cause distal muscles to be weaker than proximal muscles and extensors to be weaker than flexors.
3) The primary motor cortex is located in the pre-central gyrus and projects to the corticospinal tract which decussates at the pyramidal decussation before synapsing with lower motor neurons.
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The document summarizes important parts of the nervous system including the spinal cord, brain, facial nerves, and sciatic nerves. It describes their structures and functions, and how the nervous system interacts with other body systems like the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. It also discusses diseases that can affect the nervous system and provides some interesting facts about its structure and functioning.
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The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is divided into sensory and motor divisions. It has two main subdivisions: the somatic nervous system which controls voluntary skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system which regulates involuntary functions like digestion. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions - the sympathetic "fight or flight" system and the parasympathetic "rest and digest" system. Reflexes are involuntary responses to stimuli that involve reflex arcs in the spinal cord or brain.
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The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe beneath the cortex and plays important roles in converting short-term to long-term memory, emotions, navigation, and spatial orientation. Studies have shown that severe stress in children can decrease hippocampal size by increasing stress hormones like cortisol. Long-term ecstasy use was also found to damage the hippocampus, with users' hippocampi being 10.5% smaller than average for alcoholics. Higher physical fitness in children has been correlated with larger hippocampal size likely due to increased growth of neurons and cell survival. Damage to the hippocampus can cause amnesia and difficulties learning and remembering, and may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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The nervous system controls and coordinates all bodily activities through major structures like the brain, nerves, spinal cord, and sensory organs. The document discusses medical terminology suffixes, explaining that -phasia means speech and is used in the term aphasia, which refers to loss of speech often due to brain damage from a stroke. Another suffix discussed is -paresis, which means weakness or partial paralysis, and is used in the term hemiparesis to describe slight paralysis or weakness on one side of the body associated with conditions like stroke.
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The hippocampus is a part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that plays an important role in forming, organizing, and storing memories, especially explicit or fact-based memories. It is also involved in spatial navigation. Damage to the hippocampus can result from conditions like hypoxia, head injuries, old age, epilepsy, stress, or encephalitis and can cause amnesia or an inability to form new memories as well as other symptoms. Studies have shown that exercise can increase the size of the hippocampus in older adults, and that naps help transfer memories from short-term hippocampal storage to long-term cortical storage.
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The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves). The central nervous system processes sensory information and sends motor commands to the body. The peripheral nervous system carries sensory information to the central nervous system and motor commands from it to the muscles and glands. The document then discusses two suffixes: -plegia, meaning paralysis, and -ataxia, meaning disorder. It provides paraplegia and ataxia as examples, describing their symptoms which result from damage to different parts of the central nervous system.
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The document discusses the structure and function of the human nervous system. It describes the central nervous system, including the brain which is divided into the hindbrain, midbrain, and cerebrum. The cerebrum is further divided into left and right hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum. It also describes the peripheral nervous system, including the somatic and autonomic divisions. The autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that regulate functions like heart rate and digestion.
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The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including key components and cellular organization. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord for integration and processing. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to sensory receptors and effector cells. Neurons and neuroglia are the main cell types, with neurons transmitting signals and neuroglia providing support. Communication occurs at synapses, with chemical synapses being most common.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing muscle weakness. As the disease progresses, it causes the loss of function in voluntary muscles as motor neurons degenerate and die, resulting in muscle atrophy. Early symptoms may include twitching or stiffness in muscles, slurred speech, or difficulty swallowing. As the disease worsens, patients experience increasing difficulty with tasks like breathing, speaking, walking, and moving, which can lead to paralysis and eventual death usually within 3-5 years due to respiratory failure.
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Sensory Functions- Helps the body respond to stimuli.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing muscle weakness. As the disease progresses, it causes the loss of function in voluntary muscles as motor neurons degenerate and die, resulting in muscle atrophy. Early symptoms may include twitching or stiffness in muscles, slurred speech, or difficulty swallowing. As the disease worsens, patients experience increasing difficulty with tasks like breathing, speaking, walking, and moving, which can lead to paralysis and eventual death usually within 3-5 years due to respiratory failure.
Neuromuscular junction (myoneural junction)
A neuromuscular junction is a synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. At this junction, the motor neuron loses its myelin sheath and expands, storing acetylcholine in vesicles. When the neuron fires, it releases acetylcholine into the synapse, which binds to receptors on the skeletal muscle cell membrane, exciting the muscle cell. The motor end plate of the muscle cell facing the neuron is convoluted and contains the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
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The document discusses the biological perspective and structure of the nervous system. It covers key topics like:
1. The central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which connects the CNS to the senses and body.
2. How neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate via synaptic transmission between neurons in either an excitatory or inhibitory manner.
3. The autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that work in opposition to activate the fight or flight response or rest and digest responses.
The Nervous System
The document discusses the biological perspective and structure of the nervous system. It covers key topics like:
1. The central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which connects the CNS to the senses and body.
2. How neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate via synaptic transmission between neurons in either an excitatory or inhibitory manner.
3. The autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that work in opposition to activate the fight or flight response or rest and digest responses.
The nervous system
The document discusses paralysis and related medical terms. It defines the suffix "plegia" as meaning paralysis or stroke. Examples of medical terms using this suffix include cardioplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia. It also defines paralysis as the complete loss of muscle function in one or more muscles. Quadriplegic and paraplegic refer to paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries, with quadriplegic meaning paralysis of all four limbs and paraplegic referring to paralysis of both legs. The document also briefly mentions classifications of spinal cord injuries and defines phasia and dysphasia as speech disorders resulting from brain injury.
Presentation chapter 12 czarnota
The document provides examples of medical terminology suffixes and how they are used to describe conditions related to the nervous system. The suffixes -plegia, -esthesia, and -paresis are discussed. -Plegia indicates paralysis and can be combined with prefixes to specify the degree, such as monoplegia meaning paralysis of one limb. -Esthesia refers to sensation, with examples like anesthesia meaning without sensation. -Paresis describes weakness, such as hemiparesis meaning weakness on one side of the body.
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1) The document discusses the motor systems including the neuromuscular junction, spinal reflexes, and diseases of the motor system.
2) Key components of the motor system include the spinal cord, motor cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.
3) The neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a motor neuron and muscle cell, using ACh as the neurotransmitter. Diseases like myasthenia gravis and botulism impact transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
AElam_Module 01_Written Assignment_Tour of the Brain_10.9.16
The document summarizes the main parts and functions of the human brain. It discusses how the medulla oblongata regulates involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. The pons relays messages between parts of the brain. The cerebellum controls motor skills and balance. The hypothalamus regulates behaviors and bodily functions. The amygdala and hippocampus are involved in emotions, fear responses, and memory formation. The thalamus relays sensory information. The corpus callosum connects the brain's hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer that performs higher functions. In conclusion, the brain's many parts work together to control all human functions and behavior.
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This document describes the structure and function of the nervous system. It explains that sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system, relay neurons carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons, and motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effectors like muscles. It also describes the reflex arc pathway and how reflex responses allow the nervous system to quickly react to stimuli without involving consciousness. Finally, it explains that the central nervous system plays a role in processing information and coordinating responses.
Medulla, Reticular Formation, Thalamus, and Hippocampus
The medulla regulates vital involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. Damage to the medulla is often fatal or causes vegetative states, as it controls crucial tasks necessary for life. The reticular formation in the medulla regulates arousal, attention, sleep, and awareness. Damage can cause fatigue, sexual dysfunction, or coma. The thalamus relays sensory information to processing areas. Damage results in sensory confusion as information is wrongly directed. The hippocampus processes long-term memory and emotions. Alzheimer's or damage impairs memory formation and recall of object and event locations.
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1) Language function is primarily located in the left hemisphere, with Broca's area responsible for speech production and Wernick's area in the superior temporal lobe responsible for speech comprehension.
2) Injuries to the upper motor neurons can cause distal muscles to be weaker than proximal muscles and extensors to be weaker than flexors.
3) The primary motor cortex is located in the pre-central gyrus and projects to the corticospinal tract which decussates at the pyramidal decussation before synapsing with lower motor neurons.
Paige stegne the nervous system copy
The document summarizes important parts of the nervous system including the spinal cord, brain, facial nerves, and sciatic nerves. It describes their structures and functions, and how the nervous system interacts with other body systems like the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. It also discusses diseases that can affect the nervous system and provides some interesting facts about its structure and functioning.
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The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is divided into sensory and motor divisions. It has two main subdivisions: the somatic nervous system which controls voluntary skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system which regulates involuntary functions like digestion. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions - the sympathetic "fight or flight" system and the parasympathetic "rest and digest" system. Reflexes are involuntary responses to stimuli that involve reflex arcs in the spinal cord or brain.
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The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe beneath the cortex and plays important roles in converting short-term to long-term memory, emotions, navigation, and spatial orientation. Studies have shown that severe stress in children can decrease hippocampal size by increasing stress hormones like cortisol. Long-term ecstasy use was also found to damage the hippocampus, with users' hippocampi being 10.5% smaller than average for alcoholics. Higher physical fitness in children has been correlated with larger hippocampal size likely due to increased growth of neurons and cell survival. Damage to the hippocampus can cause amnesia and difficulties learning and remembering, and may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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The nervous system controls and coordinates all bodily activities through major structures like the brain, nerves, spinal cord, and sensory organs. The document discusses medical terminology suffixes, explaining that -phasia means speech and is used in the term aphasia, which refers to loss of speech often due to brain damage from a stroke. Another suffix discussed is -paresis, which means weakness or partial paralysis, and is used in the term hemiparesis to describe slight paralysis or weakness on one side of the body associated with conditions like stroke.
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The hippocampus is a part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that plays an important role in forming, organizing, and storing memories, especially explicit or fact-based memories. It is also involved in spatial navigation. Damage to the hippocampus can result from conditions like hypoxia, head injuries, old age, epilepsy, stress, or encephalitis and can cause amnesia or an inability to form new memories as well as other symptoms. Studies have shown that exercise can increase the size of the hippocampus in older adults, and that naps help transfer memories from short-term hippocampal storage to long-term cortical storage.
the nervous system
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves). The central nervous system processes sensory information and sends motor commands to the body. The peripheral nervous system carries sensory information to the central nervous system and motor commands from it to the muscles and glands. The document then discusses two suffixes: -plegia, meaning paralysis, and -ataxia, meaning disorder. It provides paraplegia and ataxia as examples, describing their symptoms which result from damage to different parts of the central nervous system.
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The document discusses the structure and function of the human nervous system. It describes the central nervous system, including the brain which is divided into the hindbrain, midbrain, and cerebrum. The cerebrum is further divided into left and right hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum. It also describes the peripheral nervous system, including the somatic and autonomic divisions. The autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that regulate functions like heart rate and digestion.
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The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including key components and cellular organization. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord for integration and processing. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to sensory receptors and effector cells. Neurons and neuroglia are the main cell types, with neurons transmitting signals and neuroglia providing support. Communication occurs at synapses, with chemical synapses being most common.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing muscle weakness. As the disease progresses, it causes the loss of function in voluntary muscles as motor neurons degenerate and die, resulting in muscle atrophy. Early symptoms may include twitching or stiffness in muscles, slurred speech, or difficulty swallowing. As the disease worsens, patients experience increasing difficulty with tasks like breathing, speaking, walking, and moving, which can lead to paralysis and eventual death usually within 3-5 years due to respiratory failure.
The nervous system
Functions the Nervous System
Sensory Functions- Helps the body respond to stimuli.
Integrative Functions- Interprets responses to stimuli in the body.
Motor Functions- Coordinates responses to stimuli in the body.
Neurons
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing muscle weakness. As the disease progresses, it causes the loss of function in voluntary muscles as motor neurons degenerate and die, resulting in muscle atrophy. Early symptoms may include twitching or stiffness in muscles, slurred speech, or difficulty swallowing. As the disease worsens, patients experience increasing difficulty with tasks like breathing, speaking, walking, and moving, which can lead to paralysis and eventual death usually within 3-5 years due to respiratory failure.
Neuromuscular junction (myoneural junction)
A neuromuscular junction is a synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. At this junction, the motor neuron loses its myelin sheath and expands, storing acetylcholine in vesicles. When the neuron fires, it releases acetylcholine into the synapse, which binds to receptors on the skeletal muscle cell membrane, exciting the muscle cell. The motor end plate of the muscle cell facing the neuron is convoluted and contains the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
The Nervous System
The document discusses the biological perspective and structure of the nervous system. It covers key topics like:
1. The central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which connects the CNS to the senses and body.
2. How neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate via synaptic transmission between neurons in either an excitatory or inhibitory manner.
3. The autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that work in opposition to activate the fight or flight response or rest and digest responses.
The Nervous System
The document discusses the biological perspective and structure of the nervous system. It covers key topics like:
1. The central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which connects the CNS to the senses and body.
2. How neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate via synaptic transmission between neurons in either an excitatory or inhibitory manner.
3. The autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that work in opposition to activate the fight or flight response or rest and digest responses.
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The document discusses paralysis and related medical terms. It defines the suffix "plegia" as meaning paralysis or stroke. Examples of medical terms using this suffix include cardioplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia. It also defines paralysis as the complete loss of muscle function in one or more muscles. Quadriplegic and paraplegic refer to paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries, with quadriplegic meaning paralysis of all four limbs and paraplegic referring to paralysis of both legs. The document also briefly mentions classifications of spinal cord injuries and defines phasia and dysphasia as speech disorders resulting from brain injury.
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The document provides examples of medical terminology suffixes and how they are used to describe conditions related to the nervous system. The suffixes -plegia, -esthesia, and -paresis are discussed. -Plegia indicates paralysis and can be combined with prefixes to specify the degree, such as monoplegia meaning paralysis of one limb. -Esthesia refers to sensation, with examples like anesthesia meaning without sensation. -Paresis describes weakness, such as hemiparesis meaning weakness on one side of the body.
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This document discusses different types of paralysis that affect the nervous system. Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side of the body, monoplegia is paralysis of a single limb, and quadriplegia/tetraplegia is paralysis of all four limbs. Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower extremities. Congenital paralysis seen in premature or low birth weight babies can result from maternal illness or chemical exposure. It is often associated with cerebral palsy, which causes lack of motor skills. Acquired paralysis can come from spinal cord injuries, which sever communication between nerves and the brain, causing paralysis below the injury site. Different types of aphasia are discussed which affect speech abilities.
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This document contains definitions of numerous medical prefixes, suffixes, and root words used in neurology and related fields. It provides the Greek or Latin origins and definitions for prefixes like neuro-, psycho-, meningo-, radiculo-, and suffixes like -algia, -esthesia, -phobia. It also defines several neuroanatomical terms based on their roots such as hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, ventricles, and more. The document serves as a reference for understanding the meanings behind many medical terminology terms.
The Nervous System (Slide Show)
The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body. It has two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord and controls sensory input, integration of information, and motor output. The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body through nerves and allows for voluntary control of muscles and glands as well as involuntary reflexes. The nervous system monitors both internal and external changes through sensory receptors and responds through integration and motor functions to control the body.
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Chapter 12 nervous system
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. General anesthesia affects the central nervous system by shutting down the brain's pain centers so the body does not feel pain. Paralysis can originate from damage to the central nervous system, with injuries or diseases destroying brain cells that can paralyze parts of the body on one side. Paralysis may be spastic if muscles are stiff from brain damage or flaccid if spinal cord nerve cells controlling movement are damaged.
Chapter 12 ppt to post
This document discusses medical terminology related to the nervous system. It defines terms ending in -plegia, meaning paralysis, and -esthesia, meaning feeling or sensation. Specific terms discussed include paraplegia (paralysis of the lower half of the body), quadriplegia (paralysis of the arms and legs), and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation). Causes of paralysis include strokes, spinal cord injuries, and neurological diseases. Treatments for conditions like hyperesthesia include analgesics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants.
The nervous system
Hemiplegia is partial or total paralysis of one side of the body that results from injury or disease in the motor centers of the brain. It is most commonly caused by strokes in elderly individuals. In children, hemiplegia often has no identifiable cause. Symptoms include difficulty with movement, balance, motor skills, speech and swallowing. While not progressive, hemiplegia symptoms do not improve once the injury has occurred. Anesthesia refers to the temporary loss of sensation, including pain, induced pharmacologically. It can be local, regional, general or dissociative depending on the area of the body or brain affected.
Nervous system ch 12
The nervous system is an organ system made up of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate animal actions and transmit signals throughout the body. It contains networks of neurons that process sensations like pain and sensations like paralysis. General anesthesia affects both the brain and entire body, causing complete unawareness and lack of pain during surgery as well as temporary memory loss of the surgery.
Seizures
Epilepsy is a brain disorder caused by disturbed neuronal activity in the brain, which can cause strange sensations, emotions, behaviors, or sometimes convulsions. It is classified as either primary generalized or partial seizures. Diagnosis involves EEG, brain imaging, and blood tests to identify potential causes. Treatment primarily consists of anti-seizure medications, but may also include dietary therapies, vagus nerve stimulation, or surgery to remove the affected part of the brain.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal neuronal activity in the brain. Seizures occur when clusters of neurons fire excessively or synchronously. There are two main types of seizures - focal seizures originating in one area of the brain, and generalized seizures occurring across both hemispheres. Diagnosis involves medical history, neurological exam, blood tests, EEG, brain imaging and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment primarily consists of anti-seizure medications to prevent recurrent seizures.
Nervous system2
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main cell types and their functions. It describes neurons and glial cells, and the parts of a neuron including the soma, dendrites, axon, and synapses. It also discusses the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system. Finally, it reviews several common brain pathologies like hemorrhage, cerebral palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, epilepsy, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
Nervous examination in small animal
The neurological examination aims to determine nervous system function, localize lesions, and arrive at diagnoses and prognoses. It involves obtaining a thorough history and performing hands-off and hands-on examinations. The hands-off exam observes mental status, posture, gait, and behavior without disturbing the patient. The hands-on exam evaluates the 12 cranial nerves and identifies abnormalities to localize lesions. Key tests include menace response, pupillary light reflexes, cranial nerve function, and neurological reflexes. Abnormal findings provide clues to diagnose conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.
Chapter 12 The Nervous System
Monoplegia is paralysis of a single limb, usually an arm, which can be caused by cerebral palsy or affect just one muscle group. Paraplegia is impairment of motor and sensory function in the lower extremities, usually from spinal cord injury or conditions like spina bifida. Quadriplegia/tetraplegia is paralysis of all four limbs and the torso, resulting in loss of both sensation and motor control. Anesthesia temporarily blocks sensation including pain, allowing patients to undergo surgeries and procedures without distress. It is a pharmacologically induced reversible state of amnesia, loss of consciousness, and decreased stress response.
Epilepsy: Introduction, Classification, Pathophysiology and Treatment
The brain contains different lobes for various functions. Some functions of the brain include being alert, memory, thinking, behavior, movement, remembering, etc.
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Seizure and epilepsy
The document provides information on seizures, convulsions, and epilepsy. It defines these terms and describes the different types of seizures including partial/focal seizures and generalized seizures. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and management of seizures which includes anti-seizure medications, surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation. Nursing care focuses on protecting the individual during a seizure and observing/reporting seizure characteristics. Complications include prolonged seizures known as status epilepticus.
Chapter 12 presentation
The suffix -plegia means paralysis and can refer to paralysis of different parts of the body. Some examples are:
1) Monoplegia refers to paralysis of one limb.
2) Quadriplegia refers to paralysis of all four limbs.
3) Hemiplegia refers to paralysis of one side of the body.
4) Paraplegia refers to paralysis of the lower half of the body.
The suffix -esthesia means feeling or sensation. It can refer to abnormal sensations like anesthesia (loss of sensation), hyperesthesia (excessive sensation), or paresthesia (abnormal sensations like burning or tingling).
Paralysis
Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups and often includes loss of feeling in the affected area. It can be caused by damage to upper motor neurons, which convey signals from the brain to the nervous system, or lower motor neurons, which connect to muscles. Signs and symptoms depend on the location and severity of damage and may include numbness, tingling, pain, vision problems, speech difficulties, and breathing issues. Treatments focus on physical and occupational therapy to regain mobility, muscle strength, and independence through techniques like range of motion exercises and home modifications.
Nervous System (Group2) Final
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body. The nervous system carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs to tell the body what to do. The spinal cord contains bundles of nerves and extends from the neck down the back, with nerves branching out to all parts of the body. The nervous system is made up of neurons, which transmit messages as nerve impulses, and supporting glial cells like astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system contains all other nerves outside of the central nervous system.
The nervous system m. mercado
The document discusses neurological suffixes and types of ataxia. It covers the following:
- The suffix "-taxia" refers to order, arrangement, or coordination. Ataxia is a lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements.
- There are three main types of ataxia: cerebellar ataxia caused by lesions in the cerebellum; vestibular ataxia caused by brainstem lesions; and sensory ataxia caused by abnormal position sensing.
- The suffix "-plegia" means complete paralysis caused by damage to the motor pathway from brain to spinal cord. Types of paralysis are classified by the affected body region, such as monoplegia, diplegia
Brain Stem Project
The document summarizes different parts of the brain stem including the thalamus, hypothalamus, medulla, pons, and cerebellum. It discusses the location and functions of each part, as well as some related diseases and effects of brain damage. Key functions covered include relaying sensory information, regulating autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, controlling movement, and maintaining homeostasis.
Nervous System(CNS)
The document discusses the nervous system. It describes the nervous system as having two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the CNS to other parts of the body and organs. The document also discusses the different types of nervous tissue, specific parts of the brain and spinal cord, and various nervous system disorders.
Chapter 12 the nervous system
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main functions and components. It describes the two major parts as the central nervous system (CNS), comprised of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS receives sensory information and controls the body's responses through motor commands, while the PNS connects the CNS to sensory receptors and muscles. It also outlines the different cell types, tissues, pathways, and divisions of the autonomic nervous system that work in concert to regulate bodily functions.
The nervous system
The nervous system is an organ system containing neurons that coordinate actions and transmit signals throughout the body. It is responsible for processing sensations like pain and controlling movement. Paralysis occurs when there is damage to the nervous system, such as from a stroke or spinal cord injury, and can affect one side of the body (hemiplegia) or all limbs and torso (quadriplegia). Common causes of paralysis include stroke, trauma, diseases like polio or ALS, and certain toxins.
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Epilepsy: Introduction, Classification, Pathophysiology and Treatment
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The Nervous System
- 1. The Nervous System Section 12H, Define 2 Suffixes Stephanie Garcia-Goodman
- 2. The Nervous System The nervous system is responsible for coordinating all the activity of the body. It sends and receives information to tell the body what activities need to be done.
- 3. Suffix: -plegia -plegia means paralysis. Paralysis is the temporary or permanent loss of muscle function (p.400).
- 4. Monoplegia Monoplegia is the paralysis of one extremity. It can be a form of cerebral palsy. A person can be affected by it after a stroke. Caused by damage to the cerebellum.
- 5. Paraplegia Paraplegia of the lower portion of the body and both legs. Caused by damage to the spinal cord or cerebellum.
- 7. Suffix: -esthesia -esthesia means feeling or sensation. Anesthesia is the loss of feeling or sensation.
- 8. Paresthesia Paresthesia is the abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling. Can be caused by infection in the central nervous system. May be caused by strokes, or multiple sclerosis.
- 9. Hyperesthesia Hyperesthesia means excessive sensations (p.399). The person may hear, or feel things that are not actually present. Often associated with brain damage, or brain tumors.
Editor's Notes
- Fremgen, B. F., and S. S. Frucht. Medical terminology, a living language. 4th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2009. 390. Print.
- Fremgen, B. F., and S. S. Frucht. Medical terminology, a living language. 4th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2009. 400. Print.
- Fremgen, B. F., and S. S. Frucht. Medical terminology, a living language. 4th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2009. 399. Print.