Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
you will learn about brain tumor, types of brain tumor, grading of brain tumor, risk factors for brain tumor, diagnosis for brain tumor, treatment for brain tumor, supportive care and rehabilitation for patients with brain tumor.
you will learn about brain tumor, types of brain tumor, grading of brain tumor, risk factors for brain tumor, diagnosis for brain tumor, treatment for brain tumor, supportive care and rehabilitation for patients with brain tumor.
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
The most common cause is viral infections.
In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
Primary encephalitis- It occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary encephalitis- It occurs when an infection starts elsewhere in the body and then travels to your brain.
Older adults
Children under the age of 1 year
People with weak immune systems
Primary (infectious) encephalitis
Common viruses, including HSV (herpes simplex virus) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
Childhood viruses, including measles and mumps
Arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects), including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis
Secondary encephalitis: could be caused by a complication of a viral infection.
Myelitis is a spinal disorder. Myelitis is the infection of the white matter of spinal cord. White matter of spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system that functions as a bridge between the brain and the rest of the body.
Myelitis can result in muscle weakness or paralyzing legs and then arms.
BELL’S PALSY
By:
Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU
DEFINITION
Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis) is caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve, which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side
INCIDENCE
Younger than 45 years of age
Men & women are affected equally
CAUSES
Although the cause is unknown,
Theories about causes include
Vascular ischemia,
Viral disease (herpes simplex, herpes zoster),
Autoimmune disease, a combination of all of these factors.
NERVE TRAUMA
Risk factor
The third trimester of pregnancy
In individuals with immune disorders such as HIV infection,
Individuals with diabetes.
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Inflammation of facial nerve
The inflamed, oedematous nerve becomes compressed to the point of damage, or its blood supply is occluded,
Producing ischemic
Necrosis of facial nerve
Paralysis of facial nerve
Clinical manifestation
Onset of symptoms may be sudden or may progress over a 2- to 5-day period
Pain behind the ear may precede the onset of facial paralysis
dry eye or tingling around the lips
Unable to Close The Eyelid,
Wrinkle The Forehead,
Dysarthria & dysphagia
The mouth is pulled toward the unaffected side
Drooling of saliva occurs,
the affected eye has constant tearing or lacrimation.
Sense of taste is lost over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Diagnostic evaluation
History of the onset of symptoms is used to diagnose Bell’s palsy.
Observation of the patient confirms the diagnosis.
An EMG may be done. The possibility of a stroke must be ruled out.
Management
Corticosteroid therapy- to decrease inflammation (eg, prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for 10 to 14
Acyclovir combined with prednisone is possibly effective in improving facial function
Eye care to maintain lubrication and moisture if unable to close. May need to be patched during sleep.
Physical therapy, electrical stimulation to maintain muscle tone.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics to relieve pain
Heat application
Massage
Electrical stimulation
Surgical management
Tarsorrhaphy
Complication
Corneal ulceration
Impairment of vision
Body image disturbance related to facial nerve paralysis
Nursing management
Test motor components of facial nerve (VII) by assessing patient's smile, ability to whistle, purse lips, wrinkle forehead, and close eyes. Observe for facial asymmetry.
Observe patient's ability to handle secretions, food, fluids; observe for drooling.
Assess patient's ability to blink and speak clearly.
Assess effect of altered appearance on body image.
Administer or teach patient to administer artificial tears and ophthalmic ointment as prescribed
Hemiparesis is unilateral paresis, that is, weakness of the entire left or right side of the body (hemi- means "half"). Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body. Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medical conditions, including congenital causes, trauma, tumors, or stroke
Hypenension: Commonest cause of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, angioma or A-V malformation: commonest cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Haemorrhagic blood diseases: purpura, haemophilia.
Anticoagulants.
Trauma to the head: commonest of subdural haematoma.
II. Infective: ;
Encephalitis
Meningitis – Brain abscess.
III. Neoplastic: e.g. Meningioma.
IV. Demyelination: multiple sclerosis may present with hemiplegia.
V. Traumatic: e.g. Cerebral laceration and subdural haematoma.
VI. Hysterical: patient suffering from paralysis in the absence of organic lesion.
Paralysis is caused by a malfunction of the nervous system. Nerves that are not harmed provide signals to muscles. Muscles move as a result of these impulses.
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
The most common cause is viral infections.
In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
Primary encephalitis- It occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary encephalitis- It occurs when an infection starts elsewhere in the body and then travels to your brain.
Older adults
Children under the age of 1 year
People with weak immune systems
Primary (infectious) encephalitis
Common viruses, including HSV (herpes simplex virus) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
Childhood viruses, including measles and mumps
Arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects), including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis
Secondary encephalitis: could be caused by a complication of a viral infection.
Myelitis is a spinal disorder. Myelitis is the infection of the white matter of spinal cord. White matter of spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system that functions as a bridge between the brain and the rest of the body.
Myelitis can result in muscle weakness or paralyzing legs and then arms.
BELL’S PALSY
By:
Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU
DEFINITION
Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis) is caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve, which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side
INCIDENCE
Younger than 45 years of age
Men & women are affected equally
CAUSES
Although the cause is unknown,
Theories about causes include
Vascular ischemia,
Viral disease (herpes simplex, herpes zoster),
Autoimmune disease, a combination of all of these factors.
NERVE TRAUMA
Risk factor
The third trimester of pregnancy
In individuals with immune disorders such as HIV infection,
Individuals with diabetes.
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Inflammation of facial nerve
The inflamed, oedematous nerve becomes compressed to the point of damage, or its blood supply is occluded,
Producing ischemic
Necrosis of facial nerve
Paralysis of facial nerve
Clinical manifestation
Onset of symptoms may be sudden or may progress over a 2- to 5-day period
Pain behind the ear may precede the onset of facial paralysis
dry eye or tingling around the lips
Unable to Close The Eyelid,
Wrinkle The Forehead,
Dysarthria & dysphagia
The mouth is pulled toward the unaffected side
Drooling of saliva occurs,
the affected eye has constant tearing or lacrimation.
Sense of taste is lost over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Diagnostic evaluation
History of the onset of symptoms is used to diagnose Bell’s palsy.
Observation of the patient confirms the diagnosis.
An EMG may be done. The possibility of a stroke must be ruled out.
Management
Corticosteroid therapy- to decrease inflammation (eg, prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for 10 to 14
Acyclovir combined with prednisone is possibly effective in improving facial function
Eye care to maintain lubrication and moisture if unable to close. May need to be patched during sleep.
Physical therapy, electrical stimulation to maintain muscle tone.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics to relieve pain
Heat application
Massage
Electrical stimulation
Surgical management
Tarsorrhaphy
Complication
Corneal ulceration
Impairment of vision
Body image disturbance related to facial nerve paralysis
Nursing management
Test motor components of facial nerve (VII) by assessing patient's smile, ability to whistle, purse lips, wrinkle forehead, and close eyes. Observe for facial asymmetry.
Observe patient's ability to handle secretions, food, fluids; observe for drooling.
Assess patient's ability to blink and speak clearly.
Assess effect of altered appearance on body image.
Administer or teach patient to administer artificial tears and ophthalmic ointment as prescribed
Hemiparesis is unilateral paresis, that is, weakness of the entire left or right side of the body (hemi- means "half"). Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body. Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medical conditions, including congenital causes, trauma, tumors, or stroke
Hypenension: Commonest cause of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, angioma or A-V malformation: commonest cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Haemorrhagic blood diseases: purpura, haemophilia.
Anticoagulants.
Trauma to the head: commonest of subdural haematoma.
II. Infective: ;
Encephalitis
Meningitis – Brain abscess.
III. Neoplastic: e.g. Meningioma.
IV. Demyelination: multiple sclerosis may present with hemiplegia.
V. Traumatic: e.g. Cerebral laceration and subdural haematoma.
VI. Hysterical: patient suffering from paralysis in the absence of organic lesion.
Paralysis is caused by a malfunction of the nervous system. Nerves that are not harmed provide signals to muscles. Muscles move as a result of these impulses.
Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes repeated, sudden, brief changes in the brain's electrical activity. These changes cause various types of symptoms.
A spinal cord injury refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of diseases resulting in a change either temporary or permanent, in its normal motor, sensory or autonomic function.
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
There are various roadway construction activities and plans that involve the use of flexible pavement having hot mix technique. This hot mix technique is a traditional method for the construction of road that has fulfilled the performance evaluation from infrastructure point of view throughout the past years. The various processes which are involved in this technique are providing heat to the aggregate and binder, proper mixing, provision of tack coat as per the specifications, laying of the mixed, the process of compaction. The cold mixed technique having use of bitumen emulsion on large scale should be epicenter of the study such that this technology may advance its application in present as well as future with proper specifications, testing throughout. The Hot mixed based techniques have gone through the significant advancements with time. The Cold mixed based technology is somewhere lagging in terms of applications which might be observed in the developing countries. In the present study, it has been the primary motivation that underlies the selection of cold mixed technique. Manoj Sheoran | Ms. Shivani "An Experimental Investigation on CMA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45088.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45088/an-experimental-investigation-on-cma/manoj-sheoran
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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muscle cells. The flow of ions within muscle cells
helps produce muscle contractions and movement.
Disruptions in the ion flow can lead to periodic
episodes of muscle weakness and paralysis.
Meanwhile, severe head or neck injuries and
neuromuscular disorders can lead to permanent
paralysis.
Location
Localized paralysis affects a small area of the body,
such as the face, hands, or feet. Generalized paralysis
affects a larger area, including multiple parts of the
body.
Types of paralysis include:
1. Monoplegia:
2. Hemiplegia:
3. Paraplegia
4. Quadriplegia:
1. Monoplegia
What is Monoplegia?
Monoplegia is paralysis of a single area of the body,
most typically one limb. People with monoplegia
typically retain control over the rest of their body, but
cannot move or feel sensations in the affected limb.
What Causes Monoplegia?
Though cerebral palsy is the leading cause of
monoplegia, a number of other injuries and ailments
can lead to this form of partial paralysis, including:
Strokes
Tumors
Nerve damage due to injuries or diseases
Nerve impingement
Motor neuron damage
Brain injuries
Impacted or severed nerves at the affected location
Monoplegia is sometimes a temporary condition, and
is especially common in the aftermath of a stroke or
brain injury. When the nerves affecting the paralyzed
area are not fully severed, it is often possible to regain
significant function through physical therapy.
2. Hemiplegia
What is Hemiplegia?
Hemiplegia affects an arm and a leg on the same side
of the body. With hemiplegia, the degree of paralysis
varies from person to person, and may change over
time. Hemiplegia often begins with a sensation of
pins and needles, progresses to muscle weakness, and
escalates to complete paralysis. However, many
people with hemiplegia find that their degree of
functioning varies from day to day, and depending on
their overall health, activity level, and other factors.
Hemiplegia should not be confused with hemiparesis,
which refers to weakness on one side of the body.
Nevertheless, hemiparesis is often a precursor to
hemiplegia, particularly for people with neurological
issues.
Hemiplegia is sometimes temporary, and the overall
prognosis depends on treatment, including early
interventions such as physical and occupational
therapy.
What Causes Hemiplegia?
As with monoplegia, the most common cause is
cerebral palsy. However, other conditions, such as
incomplete spinal cord injuries, brain injuries, and
nervous system disorders can also result in
hemiplegia.
3. Paraplegia
What is Paraplegia?
Paraplegia refers to paralysis below the waist, and
usually affects both legs, the hips, and other
functions, such as sexuality and elimination. Though
stereotypes of being paralyzed below the waist hold
that paraplegics cannot walk, move their legs, or feel
anything below the waist, the reality of paraplegia
varies from person to person—and sometimes, from
day to day.
Thus paraplegia refers to substantial impairment in
functioning and movement, not necessarily a
permanent and total paralysis. Rarely, people with
paraplegia spontaneously recover. This may be due to
brain or spinal cord functions that are not yet
understood, such as regeneration of neurons. More
typically, paraplegics are able to regain some
functioning with physical therapy, which works to
retrain the brain and spinal cord to work around
limitations while strengthening muscles and nerve
connections.
What Causes Paraplegia?
Spinal cord injuries are the most common cause of
paraplegia. These injuries impede the brain's ability to
send and receive signals below the site of the injury.
Some other causes include:
Spinal cord infections
Spinal cord lesions
Brain tumors
Brain infections
Rarely, nerve damage at the hips or waist; this more
typically causes some variety of monoplegia or
hemiplegia.
Brain or spinal cord oxygen deprivation due to
choking, surgical accidents, violence, and similar
causes.
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Stroke
Congenital malformations in the brain or spinal cord
4. Quadriplegia
What is Quadriplegia?
Quadriplegia, which is often referred to as tetraplegia,
is paralysis below the neck. All four limbs, as well as
the torso, are typically affected. As with paraplegia,
though, the degree of disability and loss of function
may vary from person to person, and even from
moment to moment. Likewise, some quadriplegics
spontaneously regain some or all functioning, while
others slowly retrain their brains and bodies through
dedicated physical therapy and exercise.
What Causes Quadriplegia?
Occasionally, quadriplegia is a temporary condition
due to brain injuries, stroke, or temporary
compression of spinal cord nerves. Some spinal cord
injury survivors temporarily suffer from quadriplegia
immediately after the injury, then experience a less
systematic form of paralysis as swelling goes down,
the nerves become less compressed, or surgery
reverses some damage.
As with paraplegia, spinal cord injuries are the
leading cause of quadriplegia. The most common
causes of spinal cord injuries include automobile
accidents, acts of violence, falls, and sporting injuries,
especially injuries due to contact sports such as
football. Traumatic brain injuries can also cause this
form of paralysis. Other sources of quadriplegia
include:
Acquired brain injuries due to infections, stroke, and
other disease-related processes.
Loss of oxygen to the brain and spinal cord due to
choking, anesthesia-related accidents, anaphylactic
shock, and some other causes.
Spinal and brain lesions
Spinal and brain tumors
Spinal and brain infections
Catastrophic nerve damage throughout the body
Congenital abnormalities
Early brain injuries, especially pre-birth or during-
birth injuries that lead to cerebral palsy, which can
produce a range of symptoms, including varying
degrees of paralysis
Allergic reactions to drugs
Drug or alcohol overdoses
Muscle tension
Flaccid paralysis damages the lower motor neurons
that stimulate skeletal muscle movement. Over time,
the muscles shrink or deteriorate.
Flaccid paralysis is a common complication of polio,
according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source.Other causes
include inflammation of the spinal cord, also called
myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rare
autoimmune disorder in which the immune system
attacks the PNS.
Spastic paralysis causes muscle stiffness, involuntary
spasms, and muscle weakness. This form of paralysis
can result from spinal cord injuries, amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, or hereditary spastic
paraplegia.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary, depending on the type and cause of
the issue. The most common paralysis symptom is the
loss of muscle function in one or more parts of the
body.
Other symptoms that may accompany paralysis
include:
numbness or pain in the affected muscles
Muscle weakness
Visible signs of muscle loss (muscle atrophy)
Stiffness
Involuntary spasms or twitches
What causes paralysis?
Some people are born paralyzed. Others develop
paralysis due to an accident or a medical condition.
According to the Christopher and Dana Reeve
Foundation, stroke is the leading cause of paralysis in
the United States. It’s responsible for nearly 30
percent of cases. Spinal cord injury accounts for an
estimated 23 percent of cases. Multiple sclerosis
causes an estimated 17 percent of cases.
Other causes of paralysis include:
Cerebral palsy
Post-polio syndrome
Traumatic brain injury
Neurofibromatosis
Birth defects
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
How does the doctor diagnose paralysis?
Diagnosing paralysis is often easy to do because the
main symptom — loss of muscle control in a body
area — is obvious. An important part of the diagnosis
is to determine the cause of the paralysis. This can be
relatively straightforward if the paralysis occurs after
an event such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Sometimes, the doctor might want to learn more
about the injury that’s causing the paralysis, the
degree of the paralysis, and/or the state of the nerves
involved. To do that, the doctor might use one or
more of these tests:
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X-ray: This test uses small amounts of radiation to
produce detailed images of the dense structures inside
the body, such as the bones.
CT scan: CT uses computers to combine many X-ray
images into cross-sectional views of the inside of the
body.
MRI: MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a
computer to create clear images of the body.
Myelography: This test uses a contrast dye that is
injected into the spinal canal to make the nerves show
up very clearly on an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.
Electromyography (EMG): This test is used to
measure the electrical activity in the muscles and
nerves.
Spinal tap: A long needle is injected into the spine to
collect spinal fluid.
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
How is paralysis treated?
Currently, there is no cure for paralysis itself. In
certain cases, some or all muscle control and feeling
returns on its own or after treatment of the cause for
the paralysis. For example, spontaneous recovery
often occurs in cases of Bell’s palsy, a temporary
paralysis of the face. It might also occur to some
extent with treatment after a stroke. Sometimes,
treatment is important to prevent further worsening of
paralysis, for example in multiple sclerosis.
Rehabilitation is often recommended to address
problems that can occur as a consequence of the
paralysis, to enable the paralyzed person to live as
independently as possible and to provide the person
with a high quality of life. Some of the rehabilitation
treatments used for people with paralysis include:
Physical therapy uses treatments such as heat,
massage, and exercise to stimulate nerves and
muscles.
Occupational therapy concentrates on ways to
perform activities of daily living.
Mobility aids include manual and electric wheelchairs
and scooters.
Supportive devices include braces, canes, and
walkers.
Assistive technology such as voice-activated
computers, lighting systems, and telephones.
Adaptive equipment such as special eating utensils
and controls for driving a car.
Summery
Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your
body. It happens when something goes wrong with
the way messages pass between your brain and
muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can
occur on one or both sides of your body
CONCLUSION
If you experience paralysis, you'll lose function in a
specific or widespread area of your body. Sometimes
a tingling or numbing sensation can occur before total
paralysis sets in. Paralysis will also make it difficult
or impossible to control muscles in the affected body
parts.
References ---
[1] https://www.google.com
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29125635/
[3] https://in.finance.yahoo.com/news/career-
paralysis-overcome-142016164.html
[4] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/1
5345-paralysis
[5] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/
[6] https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis