The document summarizes the anatomy and function of the immune system. It describes the central and peripheral lymphatic tissues, including the bone marrow, thymus, and spleen. It also explains the roles of T cells, B cells, macrophages, antibodies, and memory cells in mediating humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Finally, it lists some common immune disorders like allergies, anaphylaxis, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis.

1. The Immune
System
Prepared by Mickelder Kercy, MD - Instructor

2. Central Lymphoid Tissue : - Bone marrow(stem
cells that differentiate into the mature lymphocytes
B + Natural Killer cells)
Anatomy of the Immune System

4. - Thymus(posterior to
the sternum in the anterior mediastinum. Immature
lymphoid cells enter the cortex, reproduce and mature
into T cells, then move to the medulla where they
reenter the circulation)

5. Peripheral Lymphatic System : - Spleen (LUQ, blood
vessels are surrounded by B and T cells that track down
the germs in the blood. Divided into a cortex and a
medulla)

6. - lymph nodes(The cortex
has germinal centers filled with B cells producing
specific antibodies and T lymphocytes passing through
the lymph node. The medulla has macrophages)
- Appendix, lymphatic
capillaries, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic ducts

8. The Immune System Responses
Antibody-mediated/Humoral Immunity

10. Cell-mediated Immunity
Remembers the antigen
of the germ so that
more cells attack faster
in the next invasion
Inhibit/control T and
B cells activity
Secrete lymphokines
that stimulate killer
T and B cells
Release chemicals
that create holes in
the cell destroying it
Cloned into these 4
following T cells
Ingest the germ then
shows its antigen to
the T cells
Macrophages
(Neutrophils)
T Cells
Cytotoxic
KillerT Cells
HelperT Cells
SuppressorT
Cells
MemoryT
Cells

12. The Types of Immunity
Immunoglobulins/antibod
ies taken from the plasma
of human donors (HAIG,
HBIG, TIG, RIG, VZIG)
Killed germs or live
germs with attenuated
toxins in vaccines (MMR,
Dtap, Tetanus etc..
1st exposure to
Chickenpox virus leads to
long lasting immunity
IgA from breastfeeding (6
months protection). IgG
from the placenta
Acquired
Naturally
Acquired
Active
Passive
Artificially
Acquired
(Lab)
Passive
Active

13. •Stomach acid
•Skin
•Mucus, which traps
bacteria and small particles
•Enzymes in tears and skin
oils
•Cough reflex
To the HIV virus and sickle-
cell trait persons to the parasite
(plasmodium falciparum)
causing malaria
Genetic/Inborn

14. Allergies : Hypersensitivity to dust, mold, pollen
Common Disorders associated with
the Immune System

16.  Anaphylaxis : Extreme allergic reaction that can be
life-threatening

17. Cancer : Cells in the body that divide abnormally
and grow abnormally (not well differentiated)
misusing the body’s nutrients at the expense of
healthy/normal cells

19. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome : Caused by a defect in
the immune system
Infectious Mononucleosis/kissing disease : Caused
by the Epstein-barr virus(EBV) leading to an increase
in the number of WBC (monocytes and lymphocytes) .
Spread by saliva.

20.  Lymphedema : Swelling due to fluid retention in the
tissue caused by lymphatic obstruction
 Before After Rx

21. Rheumatoid Arthritis : Inflammation of the joints.
The damage is done by the confused cells of the
immune system that are activated by antibodies that
abnormally stick to the body’s own cells

23. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Immune disorder
affecting the whole body due to abnormal antibodies
sticking to the body’s own cells misleading the cells of the
immune system to destroy the body’s own cells

24. The End