The immune system protects the body from pathogens and tumor cells. It is made up of organs like the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as white blood cells. The bone marrow produces immune cells including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. The thymus matures T cells. The spleen acts as a filter for the blood and activates B cells. Lymph nodes filter the lymphatic fluid. The immune system has innate and adaptive responses to identify and kill foreign invaders. The lymphatic system drains fluid from tissues and returns it to blood circulation.

1. Immune/Lymphatic System

2. What is Immune System?
An immune system is a system of biological
structures and processes within an
organism that protects against disease by
identifying and killing pathogens and tumor
cells. It detects a wide variety of agents,
from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs
to distinguish them from the organism's
own healthy cells and tissues in order to
function properly. Detection is complicated
as pathogens can evolve rapidly, and adapt
to avoid the immune system and allow the
pathogens to successfully infect their
hosts.

3.  The immune system is our body's
defense system against infections and
diseases. Organs, tissues, cells, and cell
products work together to respond to
dangerous organisms (like viruses or
bacteria) and substances that may enter
the body from the environment.

5. Where is it produced?

7. Organs of the Immune System
Bone Marrow
 All the cells of the immune system are
initially derived from the bone marrow.
 The bone marrow produces B cells,
natural killer cells, granulocytes and
immature thymocytes, in addition to red
blood cells and platelets.

9. Thymus
 The function of the thymus is to produce
mature T cells.
 Maturates T cells that was produced
from the bone marrow.
 The mature T cells are then released
into the bloodstream.

11. Spleen
 The spleen is an immunologic filter of
the blood. It is made up of B cells, T
cells, macrophages, dendritic cells,
natural killer cells and red blood cells.
 This organ can be thought of as an
immunological conference center. In the
spleen, B cells become activated and
produce large amounts of antibody.
Also, old red blood cells are destroyed in
the spleen.

13. Lymph Nodes
 The lymph nodes function as an
immunologic filter for the bodily fluid
known as lymph. Lymph nodes are
found throughout the body.

15. Types of Immune System
Response
Anatomic Response
 physically prevents threatening
substances from entering your body.
 Examples of the anatomic system
include the mucous membranes and the
skin.

16. Inflammatory Response
 Works by excreting the invaders from
your body.
 Example of this response is sneezing,
runny noses, and fever.
 Sometimes, even though you don't feel
well while it's happening, your body is
fighting illness.

17. Immune Response
 This is the central part of the immune
system and is made up of white blood
cells, which fight infection by gobbling
up antigens. About a quarter of white
blood cells, called the lymphocytes,
migrate to the lymph nodes and produce
antibodies, which fight disease.

18. Lymphatic System
 The lymphatic system is also a defense
system for the body. It filters out
organisms that cause disease, produces
white blood cells, and generates
disease-fighting antibodies. It also
distributes fluids and nutrients in the
body and drains excess fluids and
protein so that tissues do not swell.

19.  The lymphatic system is made up of a
network of vessels that help circulate
body fluids. These vessels carry excess
fluid away from the spaces between
tissues and organs and return it to the
bloodstream.

20. Types of Immunity

21. What is Immunity?
Immunity is a biological term that
describes a state of having sufficient
biological defenses to avoid infection,
disease, or other unwanted biological
invasion.

22. Innate Immunity
 Is the natural resistance with which a
person is born.
 Also called as non-specific immunity

23. Adaptive Immunity
Sub-divided into two major types
depending on how the immunity was
introduced.
 Natural
1. Passive (maternal)
2. Active (infection)
 Artificial
1. Passive (antibody transfer)
2. Active (immunization)

24. Age related changes affecting the
lymphatic/immune system.
1. Less resistance to disease and
infections.
2. Slower wound healing.
3. Loss of ability to differentiate between
normal and abnormal cell results in
increase in autoimmune diseases and
cancer.

25. Diseases and conditions affecting
the lymphatic/immune system.
1. Lymphatic cancer.
2. Infections – can occur in any body
system.
 The best method of treating an infection
is to prevent it from occurring.

26.  Influenza and Pneumonia vaccines
are commonly given to those at high
risk of developing the disease. Anti-
infective, antibiotic, antifungal, and
antiviral medications are used to
treat the causes of infection.

27.  Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) – caused by the
human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). HIV is transmitted through
contact with an infected individual,
contaminated blood, or used
needles. An infected mother can
transmit the virus to her fetus before
birth or after delivery by breast
feeding.

29.  Current medications are designed to
suppress the virus and treat secondary
infections. Medications include Retrovir,
Epivir, Rescriptor, Agenerase, and
combination drugs.

30. END OF LECTURE
PROPER.
ARE YOU READY?

31. Immune System Quiz
1. ________________ system of biological
structures and processes within an organism
that protects against disease by identifying
and killing pathogens and tumor cells.
2. HIV stands for:
3. It functions as an immunologic filter for the
bodily fluid and is found throughout the body.
a. Spleen
b. Lymph nodes
c. Thymus
d. Bone marrow

32. 4. It is a type of response that physically
prevents substances from entering the
body.
a. Inflammatory response
b. Viral response
c. Anatomic response
d. None of the above
5. A natural resistance with which a person is
born with is called:
a. Adaptive immunity
b. Innate immunity
c. Passive immunity
d. Active immunity

33. 6. This organ of the immune system acts by
producing B cells, natural killer cells,
granulocytes and immature thymocytes, also
produces red blood cells and platelets.
a. Spleen
b. Thymus
c. Bone marrow
d. Lymph nodes
7. A type of passive immunity that is passed from
mother to fetus is called:
a. Natural passive immunity
b. Artificial active immunity
c. A and B
d. None of the above

34. 8. Receiving immunizations like hepatitis
vaccine, measles vaccine and polio vaccine
is an example of which type of immunity?
a. Natural active immunity
b. Artificial passive immunity
c. Natural passive immunity
d. Artificial active immunity
9. A mother infected with HIV will not transfer
(transmit) the virus to her fetus before birth.
Breast feeding will kill the virus.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true

35. 10. The central part of the immune system
that is made up of white blood cells,
which fight infection by gobbling up
antigens is called
a. Anatomic response
b. Inflammatory response
c. Immune response
d. None of the above
GOOD LUCK!!!

36. An ounce of prevention is a
pound of cure!!!!

37. Answer Key:
1. Immune system
2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
3. B - Lymph nodes
4. C - Anatomic response
5. B - Innate immunity
6. C - Bone marrow
7. A - Natural passive immunity
8. D - Artificial active immunity
9. B – False
10. C - Immune response

38. Thank You!!!