The heart and cardiac cycle
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The document discusses the cardiac cycle and heart function. It describes the cardiac cycle in 12 steps, beginning with blood entering the left atrium from the pulmonary vein and ending with blood being pushed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the opening and closing of the valves and changes in pressure throughout the different phases of the cycle. Key parts of the cycle include atrial systole, ventricular systole, and the opening and closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves.
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This document summarizes the cardiac cycle and its seven phases: 1) atrial systole, 2) isovolumetric ventricular contraction, 3) rapid ventricular ejection, 4) reduced ventricular ejection, 5) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, 6) rapid ventricular filling, and 7) reduced ventricular filling. It describes the relationship between pressures, volumes, and heart sounds in the left atrium and ventricle, aorta, and jugular vein throughout each phase of the cycle. It also discusses how arrhythmias like tachycardia and atrial fibrillation can impact the cardiac cycle by reducing stroke volume and cardiac output.
3. cardiac muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the walls of the heart. It has a unique branching and weaving structure with overlapping regions between fibers called intercalated discs. Each cardiac muscle fiber contains one centrally located nucleus and lighter striations than skeletal muscle. Contractions are rhythmic and involuntary due to inherent pacemaker cells in the heart.
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Exam tip tweets from staff shared
The teachers provided various exam and revision tips which focus on practicing past papers under timed conditions, using memory techniques like songs to remember facts, creating study tools like flashcards and index cards, studying in short bursts and revisiting topics regularly, getting good sleep, and structuring answers rather than rushing straight into writing. Overall the tips emphasized effective preparation, practice of past papers, testing oneself, and taking breaks to reduce stress and increase retention.
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Photosynthesis 1
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The heart and cardiac cycle
- 1. Single Vs Double Circulation…
- 3. The heart and cardiac cycle… (d) describe, with the aid of diagrams and photographs, the external and internal structure of the mammalian heart; (e) explain, with the aid of diagrams, the differences in the thickness of the walls of the different chambers of the heart in terms of their functions; (f) describe the cardiac cycle, with reference to the action of the valves in the heart;
- 6. Cardiac Cycle Animation • http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ch apter22/animation__the_cardiac_cycle__quiz _1_.html
- 7. Pressure Changes during the Cardiac Cycle In which part of the heart….. • Will the pressure rise the highest? • Will change the most? • Is pressure higher during SYSTOLE or DIASTOLE?
- 8. The Cardiac Cycle 1. Blood enters …… atrium from the ……….. Vein 2. Atrium wall contracts 3. ………. Valve opens 4. Blood flows into left ………. 5. Bicuspid valve ……… 6. Ventricle contracts and pushes blood through ………… valve into the ……….. 7. Blood enters right atrium from the ………… 8. Atrium wall contracts 9. ……….. Valve opens 10. Blood flows into right ventricle 11. Tricuspid valve shuts 12. Ventricle wall contracts and pushes blood through the ………… valve into the ………… artery
- 10. Semi lunar valve open Atrial systole AV valve open Atrial diastole Ventricular systole AV valve closed Semi lunar valve closed
- 12. Semi lunar valve open (A) Atrial systole (D) AV valve open (F) Atrial diastole (G) Ventricular systole (C) AV valve closed (E) Semi lunar valve closed (B)