The document contains a series of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to cardiovascular physiology, including topics such as heart sounds, cardiac output, and the cardiac cycle. It explores various physiological principles and functions, including the roles of different heart structures and the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. This resource appears to be intended for educational purposes, likely aimed at medical students or healthcare professionals studying cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.

1. MCQs on Cardiovascular
System
Physiology MCQs
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4. नेपालका
डरलाग्दा सवारी
दुर्घटनाहरू

5. # The first heart sound is produced by the :
A. Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
B. Opening of the aortic and pulmonary valves
C. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
D. Opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves
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6. # The first heart sound is produced by the :
A. Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
B. Opening of the aortic and pulmonary valves
C. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
D. Opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves
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7. # Parasympathetic stimulation of heart causes:
A. SA node decreases firing
B. Increased AV node excitability
C. Decreased ventricular contraction
D. Tachycardia
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8. # Parasympathetic stimulation of heart causes:
A. SA node decreases firing
B. Increased AV node excitability
C. Decreased ventricular contraction
D. Tachycardia
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9. # Normally, the rate of the heart beat in a human is
determined by:
A. Bundle of His
B. all cardiac muscles
C. the SA node
D. the cervical ganglion
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10. # Normally, the rate of the heart beat in a human is
determined by:
A. Bundle of His
B. all cardiac muscles
C. the SA node
D. the cervical ganglion
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11. # The ventricular repolarisation in ECG is best seen in:
A. "P" wave
B. "Q" wave
C. "R" wave
D. "T" wave
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12. # The ventricular repolarisation in ECG is best seen in:
A. "P" wave
B. "Q" wave
C. "R" wave
D. "T" wave
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13. # Stroke output of each ventricle in normal adult is :
A. 30 ml
B. 130 ml
C. 70 ml
D. 5 liters
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14. # Stroke output of each ventricle in normal adult is :
A. 30 ml
B. 130 ml
C. 70 ml
D. 5 liters
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15. # Cardiac output is a measure of :
A. Peripheral resistance * tissue fluid
B. Peripheral resistance * cardiac rate
C. Blood pressure * Cardiac rate
D. Heart rate * Stroke volume
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16. # Cardiac output is a measure of :
A. Peripheral resistance * tissue fluid
B. Peripheral resistance * cardiac rate
C. Blood pressure * Cardiac rate
D. Heart rate * Stroke volume
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17. # Cardiac output is not affected by :
A. Heart rate
B. Peripheral resistance
C. Systolic blod pressure
D. Venous return
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18. # Cardiac output is not affected by :
A. Heart rate
B. Peripheral resistance
C. Systolic blod pressure
D. Venous return
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19. # The largest function of the total peripheral resistance is
due to:
A. Venules
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Precapillary sphincters
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20. # The largest function of the total peripheral resistance is
due to:
A. Venules
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Precapillary sphincters
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21. # All the heart valves are open during which stage of cardiac
cycle?
A. Systolic ejection
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Isovolumetric contraction
D. None of the above
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22. # All the heart valves are open during which stage of cardiac
cycle?
A. Systolic ejection
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Isovolumetric contraction
D. None of the above
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23. # Minimum blood Pressure is in:
A. Aorta
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
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24. # Minimum blood Pressure is in:
A. Aorta
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
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25. # Starling's law of the heart
A. Does not operate in the failing heart
B. Does not operate during exercise
C. Explains the increase in cardiac output that occurs when
venous return is increased
D. Explains the increase in cardiac output when the
sympathetic nerves supplying the heart are stimulated
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26. # Starling's law of the heart
A. Does not operate in the failing heart
B. Does not operate during exercise
C. Explains the increase in cardiac output that occurs when
venous return is increased
D. Explains the increase in cardiac output when the
sympathetic nerves supplying the heart are stimulated
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27. # Which of the followings is true ?
A. Starling's law of heart states that increase in force of
contraction is directly related to cardiac output
B. Starling's law of heart states that the force of ventricular
contraction is directly related to the end diastolic volume
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
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28. # Which of the followings is true ?
A. Starling's law of heart states that increase in force of
contraction is directly related to cardiac output
B. Starling's law of heart states that the force of ventricular
contraction is directly related to the end diastolic volume
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
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29. # Peripheral resistance is maximum in:
A. Aorta
B. Artery
C. Arteriole
D. Vein
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30. # Peripheral resistance is maximum in:
A. Aorta
B. Artery
C. Arteriole
D. Vein
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31. # Stimulatuion of baroreceptor leads to :
A. Increased blood pressure, Increased heart rate
B. Decreased BP, decreased heart rate
C. Increased BP, decreased heart rate
D. Decreased BP, Increased heart rate
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32. # Stimulatuion of baroreceptor leads to :
A. Increased blood pressure, Increased heart rate
B. Decreased BP, decreased heart rate
C. Increased BP, decreased heart rate
D. Decreased BP, Increased heart rate
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33. # Increased functional demand on the heart produces
increased size of the myocardium by:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Fatty infiltration
D. Increased amounts of fibrous connective tissue
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34. # Increased functional demand on the heart produces
increased size of the myocardium by:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Fatty infiltration
D. Increased amounts of fibrous connective tissue
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35. # Cardiac index is related to :
A. Cardiac output and body weight
B. Cardiac output and body surface area
C. Cardiac output and work of the heart
D. Stroke volume and pulse rate
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36. # Cardiac index is related to :
A. Cardiac output and body weight
B. Cardiac output and body surface area
C. Cardiac output and work of the heart
D. Stroke volume and pulse rate
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37. # Absolute refractory period in heart :
A. Lasts till cardiac contraction
B. Longer than refractory period in skeletal muscle
C. A phase of cardiac cycle in which heart cannot be
stimulated by any amount of stimulus
D. Corresponds with duration of action potential
E. All of the above
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38. # Absolute refractory period in heart :
A. Lasts till cardiac contraction
B. Longer than refractory period in skeletal muscle
C. A phase of cardiac cycle in which heart cannot be
stimulated by any amount of stimulus
D. Corresponds with duration of action potential
E. All of the above
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39. # Closure of the aortic valve occurs before the following
event:
A. Isovolumetric contraction
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Prediastole
D. Presystole
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40. # Closure of the aortic valve occurs before the following
event:
A. Isovolumetric contraction
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Prediastole
D. Presystole
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41. # Conduction velocity is least in:
A. AV node
B. SA Node
C. Purkinje fibers
D. Budele of His
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42. # Conduction velocity is least in:
A. AV node
B. SA Node
C. Purkinje fibers
D. Budele of His
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43. # Fastest conducting tissue in human heart:
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
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44. # Fastest conducting tissue in human heart:
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
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45. # Under resting condition, the cardiac output is ____ L/min:
A. 2.5
B. 4.25
C. 5.25
D. 9.5
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46. # Under resting condition, the cardiac output is ____ L/min:
A. 2.5
B. 4.25
C. 5.25
D. 9.5
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47. # Coronary blood flow is usually predominantly controlled by :
A. Auto regulation
B. Hormones
C. Parasympathetic impulses
D. Sympathetic impulse
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48. # Coronary blood flow is usually predominantly controlled by :
A. Auto regulation
B. Hormones
C. Parasympathetic impulses
D. Sympathetic impulse
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49. # Cardiac output in L/min divided by heart rate equals:
A. Cardiac efficiency
B. Cardiac index
C. Mean Stroke volume
D. Mean arterial pressure
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50. # Cardiac output in L/min divided by heart rate equals:
A. Cardiac efficiency
B. Cardiac index
C. Mean Stroke volume
D. Mean arterial pressure
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51. # Cardiac cycle duration in man is:
A. 0.4 sec
B. 0.8 sec
C. 1.2 sec
D. 1.6 sec
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52. # Cardiac cycle duration in man is:
A. 0.4 sec
B. 0.8 sec
C. 1.2 sec
D. 1.6 sec
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53. # First heart sound occurs during the period of:
A. Isotonic relaxation
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Isovolumetric contraction
D. Isotonic contraction
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54. # First heart sound occurs during the period of:
A. Isotonic relaxation
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Isovolumetric contraction
D. Isotonic contraction
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55. # Absolute period when whole heart is in diastole is :
A. 0.7 sec
B. 0.3 sec
C. 0.2 sec
D. 0.4 sec
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56. # Absolute period when whole heart is in diastole is :
A. 0.7 sec
B. 0.3 sec
C. 0.2 sec
D. 0.4 sec
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57. # The effects of adrenaline on heart are all except :
A. Increases heart rate
B. Decreases myocardial irritability
C. Increases force of contraction
D. Increases oxygen uptake by heart
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58. # The effects of adrenaline on heart are all except :
A. Increases heart rate
B. Decreases myocardial irritability
C. Increases force of contraction
D. Increases oxygen uptake by heart
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59. # Cardiac output is maximum to :
A. Liver
B. Brain
C. Kidney
D. Heart
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60. # Cardiac output is maximum to :
A. Liver
B. Brain
C. Kidney
D. Heart
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61. # Increase in carotid sinus pressure produces:
A. Reflex hyperpnea
B. Reflex bradycardia
C. Reflex tachycardia
D. Reflex hypercapnia
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62. # Increase in carotid sinus pressure produces:
A. Reflex hyperpnea
B. Reflex bradycardia
C. Reflex tachycardia
D. Reflex hypercapnia
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63. # Effect on force of contraction of heart is :
A. Chronotropic effect
B. Dromotropic efffect
C. Bathmotropic effect
D. Inotropic effect
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64. # Effect on force of contraction of heart is :
A. Chronotropic effect
B. Dromotropic efffect
C. Bathmotropic effect
D. Inotropic effect
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65. # SA node acts as a pacemaker of the heart because of the
fact that it:
A. is capable of generating impulses
B. has rich sympathetic innervations
C. has poor cholinergic innervations
D. generates impulses at the highest rate
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66. # SA node acts as a pacemaker of the heart because of the
fact that it:
A. is capable of generating impulses
B. has rich sympathetic innervations
C. has poor cholinergic innervations
D. generates impulses at the highest rate
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67. # Distribution of blood flow is mainly regulated by the :
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
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68. # Distribution of blood flow is mainly regulated by the :
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
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69. # The following factors increase the cardiac output except:
A. Preload
B. Afterload
C. Heart rate
D. Myocardial contractility
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70. # The following factors increase the cardiac output except:
A. Preload
B. Afterload
C. Heart rate
D. Myocardial contractility
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71. # Ventricular muscle receives impulses directly from the:
A. Purkinje system
B. Bundle of His
C. Right and left bundle branches
D. AV node
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72. # Ventricular muscle receives impulses directly from the:
A. Purkinje system
B. Bundle of His
C. Right and left bundle branches
D. AV node
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73. # In determining blood pressure by auscultatory method,
A. The loudest sound is the diastolic pressure
B. Systolic pressure estimation tends to be lower than those
made by palpatory method
C. The first sound heard is systolic pressure
D. The sounds that are heard are generated in heart
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74. # In determining blood pressure by auscultatory method,
A. The loudest sound is the diastolic pressure
B. Systolic pressure estimation tends to be lower than those
made by palpatory method
C. The first sound heard is systolic pressure
D. The sounds that are heard are generated in heart
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75. # Isovolumetric relaxation ends immediately after:
A. AV valve closes
B. When ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure
C. When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure
D. None of the above
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76. # Isovolumetric relaxation ends immediately after:
A. AV valve closes
B. When ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure
C. When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure
D. None of the above
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77. # Glomerular capillary pressure differ from other capillaries
of body in:
A. Higher filtration pressure
B. Lower filtration pressure
C. Both of the above
D. None
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78. # Glomerular capillary pressure differ from other capillaries
of body in:
A. Higher filtration pressure
B. Lower filtration pressure
C. Both of the above
D. None
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79. # The hemoglobin oxygen saturation of blood entering the
right ventricle is approximately:
A. 97 percent
B. 85 percent
C. 75 percent
D. 53 percent
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80. # The hemoglobin oxygen saturation of blood entering the
right ventricle is approximately:
A. 97 percent
B. 85 percent
C. 75 percent
D. 53 percent
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81. # Which of the following increases turbulence in blood flow ?
A. Reynolds number <2000
B. Decrease in viscosity of blood
C. Decrease in density of blood
D. Increase in diameter of blood vessel
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82. # Which of the following increases turbulence in blood flow ?
A. Reynolds number <2000
B. Decrease in viscosity of blood
C. Decrease in density of blood
D. Increase in diameter of blood vessel
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83. # In the case of heart muscle , all are true except:
A. Acts as syncytium
B. Has multiple nuclei
C. has gap junctions
D. has branching
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84. # In the case of heart muscle , all are true except:
A. Acts as syncytium
B. Has multiple nuclei
C. has gap junctions
D. has branching
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85. # The velocity of conduction in the purkinje fibers of the
heart is :
A. 1 to 4 m/s
B. 5 to 8 m/s
C. 9 to 12 m/s
D. more than 12 m/s
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86. # The velocity of conduction in the purkinje fibers of the
heart is :
A. 1 to 4 m/s
B. 5 to 8 m/s
C. 9 to 12 m/s
D. more than 12 m/s
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87. # Second heart sound is characterized by all except:
A. due to closure of semilunar valves
B. is occasionally split
C. has longer duration than first heart sound
D. marks the onset of diastole
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88. # Second heart sound is characterized by all except:
A. due to closure of semilunar valves
B. is occasionally split
C. has longer duration than first heart sound
D. marks the onset of diastole
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89. # What is common between systemic and pulmonary
circulation?
A. Volume of the circulation per minute
B. Peripheral vascular resistance
C. Pulse pressure
D. Total capacity
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90. # What is common between systemic and pulmonary
circulation?
A. Volume of the circulation per minute
B. Peripheral vascular resistance
C. Pulse pressure
D. Total capacity
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91. # Stimulation of the baroreceptors results in :
A. Increase in heart rate
B. Decreased vagal discharge
C. Increased sympathetic discharge
D. Decrease in blood pressure
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92. # Stimulation of the baroreceptors results in :
A. Increase in heart rate
B. Decreased vagal discharge
C. Increased sympathetic discharge
D. Decrease in blood pressure
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93. # The function of carotid body is :
A. Measures the change in pO2 in arterial blood
B. Measures pO2 in venous blood
C. Measures the change in CO2 in arterial blood
D. Measures the change in CO2 in venous blood
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94. # The function of carotid body is :
A. Measures the change in pO2 in arterial blood
B. Measures pO2 in venous blood
C. Measures the change in CO2 in arterial blood
D. Measures the change in CO2 in venous blood
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95. # The dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve is caused by :
A. Closure of the pulmonary valve
B. Rapid filling of the left ventricle
C. Closure of the aortic valve
D. Contraction of the aorta
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96. # The dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve is caused by :
A. Closure of the pulmonary valve
B. Rapid filling of the left ventricle
C. Closure of the aortic valve
D. Contraction of the aorta
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97. # Peripheral vascular resistance is best given by :
A. Mean arterial pressure responsible for blood flow to organ
B. Diastolic blood pressure as it decreases till mid-thoracic
aorta
C. Pulse pressure as it relates to stroke volume and aortic
compliance
D. Systolic pressure as it increase in descending aorta
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98. # Peripheral vascular resistance is best given by :
A. Mean arterial pressure responsible for blood flow to organ
B. Diastolic blood pressure as it decreases till mid-thoracic
aorta
C. Pulse pressure as it relates to stroke volume and aortic
compliance
D. Systolic pressure as it increase in descending aorta
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