This topic is taken from Right-Byte-1 unit#1 The evolution of computers prepared by Ms. Samina Ahmed , FIC Malir.

2. Talk Of The Day

3. Unit 1
The Evolution of Computers

4. Chapter Outline
 How computers process data?
 The electronic computer
 Types of computing devices
 Computers according to their size

5. • A computer is an
automatic, electronic,
data processing system.
• It accepts data, performs
operations on data,
presents data and stores
output as needed.
Computer:

6. Data Information
Raw facts and figures are
called Data.
Processed data is called
information.
How computers process data?

7. How computers have changed over time?
The Abacus was invented in 1200
C.E by Chinese used to add and
subtract numbers.
Napier Bones was invented in 1617
by John Napier and was used to
multiply and divide numbers.

8. The Pascaline was invented in
1642 by Blaise Pascal, operated
wheels and could add and
subtract numbers.
The Leibniz Calculator was invented
in 1694 by Gottfried Leibniz, used
wheels to add and subtract but
also can multiply and divide.

10. The Punched Card:
Year: 1801
Inventor: Joseph Jacquard
It was a strip of card with holes
punched in it.
They were used to give instructions to
computers.

11. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine:
Inventor: Charles Babbage
• Difference Engine was invented by Charles
Babbage and as its name shows it was an
automatic mechanical calculator, used for
arithmetic calculations.
• But analytical engine could be programmed and
first time in history punched cards are used to
give instructions for calculation.
• The concept of set of instructions to be
followed in a sequence, had set a new direction
towards evolution.

12. The Punched Card gives
instructions:
Inventor: Lady Augusta Ada
• Charles Babbage used punched
cards to give instructions to the
computer.
• He used the sequence and
arrangement of holes as code of
instructions.
• Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace wrote
these instructions as she wrote these
instructions.
Use of punched cards in computers
for instructions and for storage

13. The Punched Card as storage
device:
Year: 1891
Inventor: Herman Hollerith
• He developed a tabulating machine,
uses punched cards to give
instructions to the computer.
• This tabulating machine helps to sort
and store data.
• This introduced the concept of
storage devices into the evolution of
computers.
• It was first time used in censes data
to sort and count.

14. Summary:
A computer is an automatic electronic data processing
machine.
A computer receives input in form of raw data.
Data is unorganized form of data, it contain raw facts and
figures.
Abacus was the earliest computer, used to add, subtract
numbers.
Napier bones were used to multiply and divide numbers by set
of rods.
Pascaline was the first mechanical calculator, uses wheels to
add and subtract numbers.

15. Leibniz calculator also uses wheels to multiply and divide numbers.
Invention of punched cards helps to program machines.
Charles Babbage (Father of Modern Digital Computer) designed
Difference Engine and Analytical Engine.
Dr. Herman Hollerith design tabulating machine which can sort and
store data. It was used in census to count census figures.
Lady Augusta Ada was first programmer to wrote instruction as
holes on punched cards.
Summary…

16. Activity:
Write down the invention according to the time line by using your book.
Abacus
1200 C.E 1617 1642 1694 1801 1820 1834 1890 1946

18. Home Work:
Do Q.1 from Section D on page # 12 on your
Notebooks.