The document summarizes the evolution of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculating devices developed by Napier, Pascal, and Leibniz. Punched cards were introduced in the 18th century to control looms. Babbage designed analytical engines in the 1800s but they were never completed. The first digital computers like ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC and UNIVAC used vacuum tubes. The microprocessor was invented in 1969, leading to personal computers in the 1970s. Modern computers integrate all components into a single chip called a system on chip.

1. Evolution of
Computer
A.P.Mohana Priyaa +

2. Used in Asia for a Long time
(2000-3000 BCE)
Also known as “SOROBAN” perform
addition and subtraction
Wooden rack holding two horizontal wires
with beads strung on them.
Rules memorized by the user
Regular arithmetic problems can be done
Abacus

3. NAPIER’S DEVICE
John Napier a Scottish Mathematician
Set of eleven animal bones later it was
replaced by rod
Number marked on them, they placed
side by side
Products and quotients of large
numbers could be obtained

4. SLIDE RULE
Invented in 17th century based on
the emerging work on logarithms by
John Napier
Perform all arithmetic &
trigonometric function
Final value can be straight away
read on scale

5. PASCAL’S CALCULATING MACHINE (PASCALINE)
Blaise Pascal a French mathematician
developed mechanical calculating machine
called Pascal’s calculating machine in 1642 CE
First real desktop calculating device that could
add and subtract.
Construct of set of toothed wheels or gears.
Each wheel having 0 through 9.
Arithmetic operation performed by turning
these wheels.
Concept still seen in conventional electric
meter and taxi meter

6. LEIBNITZ’S IMPROVED PASCAL MACHINE
Pascal machine perform only addition and
subtraction operation
Pascal machine was improved in 1673 CE
Introduced wheel could perform
multiplication, division and square root
operation.

7. PUNCHED CARD
Punched cards were first used around 1725
by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon
and greatly improved by Joseph Marie Jacquard
in 1801.
Control textile looms, invented punched
cards.
Cards with holes were used to make
attractive design on fiber
Presence and absence of punched hole
represented two states for raisers or lowers of
wrap thread

8. CHARLES BABBAGE’S ENGINES.
Charles Babbage (1792-1871) made
a machine called Difference Engine.
Evaluate accurate algebraic expression
and mathematical tasks up to 20
decimal places,
This machine is also called as
Babbage's difference engine,
Later adopted by insurances
companies for computing life tables.
Later modified the device as
Analytical Engine.

9. If had memory unit, operation
arithmetic operators.
Produced the output in punched
card format.
Parts and working principle of
Analytical Engine similar to today
computer.
Charles Babbage is called “Father
of Computer”

10. HOLLERITH’S MACHINE
Dr.Herman Hollerith of U.S.A, working
in U.S.A as census offices
Developed a card reading machine
and used punched cards for tabulating
and calculating data,
Data was being compiled and
analyzed.

11. MARK-I DIGITAL COMPUTER
All calculating machines are invented basically
mechanical machine.
First electro-mechanical computer developed by
Howard aiken.
Used Hollerith's punched cards and principle of
computer stated by Charles Babbage
Automatically perform a sequence of arithmetic
operators.
Huge mechanical calculator which occupied
several norms.
Inside several miles of electrical wires and
electro mechanical relays and mechanical counter
for arithmetic calculations

12. FIRST ELECTRONICS COMPUTER
(ABC) Atanasoff-Berry Computer
Dr. John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
developed first electronic computer.
It is called as ABC.
Use vaccum tubes for storage , arithmetic
and logical function.
Special purpose used to solve
simultaneous equation.
It could perform 500 addition or 350
multiplication in one second.

13. Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
(ENIAC)
Electronic computer,
Developed by Prof. Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.
Produced in 1940 for U.S.army
It used 18000 V.T 70000 resistor 10000
capacitor and 60000 switches (27 tons)
Occupy 5000 s7 suet of space.
Perform 300 multiplication/second
Fastest machine.
ENIAC was considered a significant
development because the speed was first
experience with ENIAC.

14. Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computers
(EDVAC)
First electronic stored program
computer.
Electronics computers developed in
1949.
EDVAC different form ENIAC.
1.use of binary and electronic
arithmetic operators.
2.Internal storage of instructions were
written in digital forms.

15. Electronics Delay Storage AutomatiC
(EDSAC)
Developed by group of scientist headed by
prof.mauriee willies
Using EDSAC , addition operation was
accomplished in 1500 microseconds and
multiplication operator in 4000 micro
second

16. Manchester Mark 1
Small experimental computer.
 Performs operation based on stored
program.
Designed Manchester university by a
group of scientist headed by Prof. M.H.A
Newman.
Storage capacity of only 32words, each
of 31 binary digits.
Limited to stored data and instruction.

17. UNIVersal Automatic Computer I
(UNIVAC I)
Second commercial computer
produced in the United States.
Made by the inventors of the ENIAC.
UNIVAC –I is first computer used for
business in 1954
The machine was simply known as
"the UNIVAC“

18. MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor chip INTEL 4004 was
developed in 1969 by INTEL.
perform only few instruction and very
small amount of data.
1971 INTEL 8008 MP was developed.
Foundation for development of
personal computer(pc).

19. 19
SoC
 A System on a Chip or System on Chip (SoC) is an
integrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of a
computer or other electronic system into a single chip
 Integrates almost all components into a single silicon
chip. Along with a CPU, an SoC usually contains a GPU,
memory, USB controller, power management circuits, and
wireless radios.
 Whereas a CPU cannot function without dozens of other
chips, it’s possible to build complete computers with just
a single SoC
◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip

20. PERSONAL COMPUTERS (PC)
First PC (with MP) developed in 1974.
In 1977 first successful micro
computer
(PC) developed by a young technician
named Steve Wozniak.
This was called the computer Apple-1

21. Created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–
Motorola alliance, known as AIM.
Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing
(POWER PC)

22. Pentium is a brand used for a series of
x86-compatible microprocessors
produced by Intel.
Pentium CPU based computers were
most commonly used Computers few
years ago
Pentium

23. Intel Core is a brand name that Intel
uses for various mid-range to high-end
consumer and business microprocessors.
In general, processors sold as Core are
more powerful variants of the same
processors marketed as entry-level
Celeron and Pentium
Core

24. All the best!