Introduction of computer and generation.

1. Introduction
Ms.Rukhsana A.Karim
MSC.IT, M.Phil , B.ed
Sharif Medical City Jati Umra, City Road Lahore

2. Lect:1 Topics Covers
Chapter: 1
Introduction to computer
 What is computer?
 History of Computer
 Abacus
 Napier’s Bones
 Pascal’s Pascaline Calculator
 Use of Punched Cards by Hollerith
 Charles Babbage
 Difference Engine
 Analytical Engine
 Evolution of Computers
 First-Generation Computer (1940-1958)
 Second-Generation Computer (1959-1964)
 Third-Generation Computer(1964-1970)
 Fourth-Generation Computer ( 1971-present)
 Fifth-Generation Computer (1989-future)
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3. What is computer?
• What is computer?
1: A computer is an electronic machine that is solved
our problem according to the instruction given to the
computer.
2: A computer is a machine made of devices that
enable you to Enter data(input), process it (CPU), store
it (memory), and output the result (Output).
• Let us understand the meaning of input, processing,
and output with a daily-life example of preparing a
mango shake.
• Mango pulp+ Sugar + milk Churning by mixer Mango shake
– INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT
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4. Early Calculating Devices
• Some of the early calculating devices were as follows:
1.Abacus
• The abacus was probably the first calculating device.
• Definition: An abacus is a wooden frame with beads
that slide on wires.
• Use: The abacus was used to perform simple
calculations such as addition, subtracting,
multiplication, and division.
• Note: the abacus is still used in several countries today.
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Abacus

6. • 2.Napier’s Bones
• In 1616, Sir John Napier made a calculating
devices and called it Napier's bones.
• Definition: the device was called Napier’s
Bones because it had numbers carved on bones
or on strips of wood.
• Use: it was used for addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division, and to fined the
square roots of numbers.
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Napier’s Bones

8. 3. Pascal’s Pascaline Calculator
• In 1641, Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline,
the first mechanical calculator.
• Definition: the Pascaline first mechanical
calculator. It consisted of rectangular box with
moveable wheels.
• Use: It was used for adding , subtracting,
multiplying, and dividing numbers up to the
hundreds and thousands.
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Pascaline

10. • 4. Use of Punched Cards by Hollerith
• In 1890, Herman Hollerith developed the first
electro mechanical punched card tabulator.
• The tabulator could read information that had
been punched into cards.
• Data were feed and results were produced on
punched cards.
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11. 5.Charles Babbage
 Difference Engine (1822)
In the nineteenth century, Charles Babbage invented
a machine called the difference engine to prepare
mathematical tables.
 Analytical Engine ( working next 10 years, 1833)
Charles Babbage also invented the first general-
purpose computer known as the Analytical engine
that had the same basic elements as the modern
computer – input, output, and memory devices.
Note: Due to his ground- breaking contribution to
computing, Charles Babbage is called the Father of
modern computers.
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Difference Engine Analytical Engine

13. Evolution of Computers
Genera
tion
Period Main
Component
Characteristics Examples
First 1940-58 Vacuum
Tubes
•Large size, comparatively small storage,
slow speed
•High power consumption
•Large installation area
•Difficult to program
EDSAC
EDVAC
Second 1959-64 Transistors •Smaller, faster, and cheaper
•Contained all the components of modern-
Day computers – printer, storage capacity,
operating system, and so on.
•Programming languages such as COBOL and
FORTRAN came into use.
IBM1401
RCA 501
Third 1964-70 Integrated
circuits
(chips)
•Smaller size
•Increase storage capacity
•Different programs could be run together
IBM 360
Series and
370 series
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14. Fourth 1971-
present
Micro-
Processors
•Increased computing power
•Enhanced storage capacity
•Used improved storage devices
that cost less
•Could be linked together or
networked
Modern-day
PCs laptops,
palmtops
Fifth 1989-fruture Artificial
intelligence
•Very high speed and storage
capacity
•Ability to carry out
sophisticated operations
•Might overcome the lack of
thinking ability
CRAY-1
series
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Vacuum Tubes Transistors
Chip
Micro Processor
Artificial Intelligence

16. Lect:1 Assignment
• Topics:
• Write Full Form
• EDSAC
• EDVAC
• IBM 1401
• RCA 501
• Modern Day PCs, Laptop, Palmtops
• CRAY-1 series etc.
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